Michael Walzer's conception of social criticism. The debate between the liberals and the communitarians

Úvodní část práce se snaží vymezit postavení Michaela Walzera v diskusi liberálů a komunitaristů. Popisuje jednotlivé roviny diskuse a reflektuje jednak sekundární literaturu k tématu, jednak to, jak své místo v diskusi chápe samotný Walzer. V další části práce se autor pokouší popsat možné způsoby sociální kritiky tak, jak je vidí M. Walzer; postupně tedy prochází tři cesty sociální kritiky tak, jak je vytyčil Walzer. Zároveň podává kritiku Walzerova vymezení a ukazuje jeho jisté slabiny. Tvrdí nejen, že se vůči Walzerově kritice metody vynalézání dá bránit, je také přesvědčen, že Walzerova sociální kritika je vnitřně rozporná. Pokouší se shrnout a hlavně objasnit základní argumentaci, upozornit na vzájemné souvislosti kritické argumentace a přidat nový způsob argumentace. Z toho důvodu se pouští do rozboru hermeneutické interpretace a uvažuje o jejích možnostech a limitech jako nástroje sociální kritiky. Dále interpretuje Walzerovo pojetí sociální kritiky s ohledem na kategorie moci, historie a členství, které vymezuje jako podstatné samotný Walzer. Za jeden z klíčových konceptů, který je v pozadí Walzerovy koncepce, lze považovat koncept sdílených významů. Autor se v souvislosti s nimi pokouší ukázat jisté jednostrannosti Walzerova přístupu.Interpretuje Walzerovo pojetí tolerance a reflektuje Walzerovu...The autor aims to specify Michael Walzer's place in the discussion between the liberals and the communitarians in the first part of the work and then to define particular levels of the debate. This task of course reflects both secondary literature and Walzer's own understanding of his part in it. In the second part of the work the author tries to describe possible ways (three paths) of social criticism in the conception of Michael Walzer and deals with its features. The author claims that Walzer's concepton of social criticism suffers of inner inconsistency. Then the author tries to clarify the main critic's arguments and tries to find new ways of argumentation about social criticism. So as the author deals with hermeneutical interpretation and reflects its potential and limits (in the third part of the work). The fourth part of the work interprets Walzer's conception of social criticism with respect to cathegories of power, history and membership. One of the key concept in the grounds of Walzer's conception is concept of shared meanings. Then the author tries to point out some one-sidedness of Walzer's concept and deals with Walzer's conception of the tolerantion and criticism of foreing political communities.Ústav politologieInstitute of Political ScienceFaculty of ArtsFilozofická fakult

Characterization of volatile compounds of Daucus crinitus Desf. Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction as alternative technique to Hydrodistillation

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Traditionally, the essential oil of aromatic herbs is obtained using hydrodistillation (HD). Because the emitted volatile fraction plays a fundamental role in a plant's life, various novel techniques have been developed for its extraction from plants. Among these, headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) can be used to obtain a rapid fingerprint of a plant's headspace. <it>Daucus crinitus </it>Desf. is a wild plant that grows along the west coast of Algeria. Only a single study has dealt with the chemical composition of the aerial part oils of Algerian <it>D. crinitus</it>, in which isochavicol isobutyrate (39.0%), octyl acetate (12.3%), and β-caryophyllene (5.4%) were identified. Using GC-RI and GC-MS analysis, the essential oils and the volatiles extracted from separated organs of <it>D. crinitus </it>Desf. were studied using HS-SPME.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>GC-RI and GC-MS analysis identified 72 and 79 components in oils extracted using HD and in the volatile fractions extracted using SPME, respectively. Two types of essential oils were produced by the plant: the root oils had aliphatic compounds as the main component (87.0%-90.1%), and the aerial part oils had phenylpropanoids as the main component (43.1%-88.6%). HS-SPME analysis showed a more precise distribution of compounds in the organs studied: oxygenated aliphatic compounds were well represented in the roots (44.3%-84.0%), hydrocarbon aliphatic compounds were in the leaves and stems (22.2%-87.9%), and phenylpropanoids were in the flowers and umbels (47.9%-64.2%). Moreover, HS-SPME allowed the occurrence of isochavicol (29.6 - 34.7%) as main component in <it>D. crinitus </it>leaves, but it was not detected in the oils, probably because of its solubility in water.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study demonstrates that HD and HS-SPME modes could be complimentary extraction techniques in order to obtain the complete characterization of plant volatiles.</p

Subterranean, herbivore-induced plant volatile increases biological control activity of multiple beneficial nematode species in distinct habitats

While the role of herbivore-induced volatiles in plant-herbivore-natural enemy interactions is well documented aboveground, new evidence suggests that belowground volatile emissions can protect plants by attracting entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs). However, due to methodological limitations, no study has previously detected belowground herbivore-induced volatiles in the field or quantified their impact on attraction of diverse EPN species. Here we show how a belowground herbivore-induced volatile can enhance mortality of agriculturally significant root pests. First, in real time, we identified pregeijerene (1,5-dimethylcyclodeca-1,5,7-triene) from citrus roots 9-12 hours after initiation of larval Diaprepes abbreviatus feeding. This compound was also detected in the root zone of mature citrus trees in the field. Application of collected volatiles from weevil-damaged citrus roots attracted native EPNs and increased mortality of beetle larvae (D. abbreviatus) compared to controls in a citrus orchard. In addition, field applications of isolated pregeijerene caused similar results. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that pregeijerene increased pest mortality by attracting four species of naturally occurring EPNs in the field. Finally, we tested the generality of this root-zone signal by application of pregeijerene in blueberry fields; mortality of larvae (Galleria mellonella and Anomala orientalis) again increased by attracting naturally occurring populations of an EPN. Thus, this specific belowground signal attracts natural enemies of widespread root pests in distinct agricultural systems and may have broad potential in biological control of root pests.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Otvírka 0.kry dobývacího prostoru závodu Sever, Dolu ČSM, o.z. Stonava z úrovně 5. patra (-806 m)

Import 20/04/2006Prezenční výpůjčkaVŠB - Technická univerzita Ostrava. Fakulta hornicko-geologická. Institut hornického inženýrství a bezpečnosti (542

Project of urban public transport routes in Kladno

Předmětem práce je zjištění potřeb cestujících na vedení linek MHD v Kladně a propojení linek MHD na další druhy dopravy. V práci jsou zpracovány údaje z prováděných průzkumů. Na základě získaných údajů, jsou navržena opatření vedoucí ke zlepšení a zkvalitnění vedení linek MHD.The present work aims to determine passengers needs for the layout of the urban public transport systém in the town of Kladno and for its interconnection with other means of transport. The work processes data from surveys which serve as basis for the proposed measures, leading to the improvement of the urban public transport lines.Katedra technologie a řízení dopravyStudent obhájil bakalářskou práci a zodpověděl všechny otázky státní zkušební komise.Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobo

Michael Walzer's conception of social criticism. The debate between the liberals and the communitarians

The autor aims to specify Michael Walzer's place in the discussion between the liberals and the communitarians in the first part of the work and then to define particular levels of the debate. This task of course reflects both secondary literature and Walzer's own understanding of his part in it. In the second part of the work the author tries to describe possible ways (three paths) of social criticism in the conception of Michael Walzer and deals with its features. The author claims that Walzer's concepton of social criticism suffers of inner inconsistency. Then the author tries to clarify the main critic's arguments and tries to find new ways of argumentation about social criticism. So as the author deals with hermeneutical interpretation and reflects its potential and limits (in the third part of the work). The fourth part of the work interprets Walzer's conception of social criticism with respect to cathegories of power, history and membership. One of the key concept in the grounds of Walzer's conception is concept of shared meanings. Then the author tries to point out some one-sidedness of Walzer's concept and deals with Walzer's conception of the tolerantion and criticism of foreing political communities

Chemical composition of the essential oils from the roots, fruits, leaves and stems of Pimpinella cumbrae

The oil constituents from the roots, fruits, leaves and stems of Pimpinella cumbrae Link gathered in the Canary Islands, Spain, have been studied by GC and GC-MS in combination with retention indices. The major constituents in the root oil were found to be isokessane (17%), β-dihydroagarofuran (15%), 2-methyl-butyric acid (10%), geijerene (10%) and pregeijerene (7%). In the fruit oil the main components found were α-bisabolol (39%), δ-3-carene (16%) and limonene (8%). In the leaf oil, α-bisabolol (53%) and δ-3-carene (11%) were the predominant constituents. The most important compounds from the stem oil were α-bisabolol (39%), isokessane (10%) and β-dihydroagarofuran (9%). Pseudoisoeugenol esters were also detected in the oils from the roots, fruits and stems. These components were partially hydrolysed in the course of prolonged hydrodistillation to 2-methyl-5-methoxybenzofuran. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd