Water and creep feed consumption by piglets and the effects of solid feed and water restriction on performance in early life

Piglets provided 'with 'water from day old were observed to consume small amounts (58 g/day),. at this early age and intake of solid feed began during the second 'Week of life. Average daily gain of pigs following weaning was significantly greater when the animals 'Were provided offered creep feed from day old and at the beginning of the second week compared to animals that were only offered creep feed commencing at three weeks of age. The increase in average daily gain was due to increased consumption of solid feed following weanin

Performance of gilts and castrates when fed separately on two different levels of feeding

Twenty castrated male pigs and twenty gilts initially averaging 52 kg were fed individually so that that performance and carcass quality of pigs fed on a scale based on ad libitum feeding could be compared to those fed on a restricted regime under local environmental conditions. Pigs fed on a scale based on ad libitum feeding showed a significantly faster growth rate and had more back fat compared to pigs on restricted feeding. For each 1% of feed restriction there was a corresponding 1%reduction in average daily gain and 0.91%reduction in average back fat thickness. Gilts excelled over castrates in performance and carcass quality .. the former grew faster, were more efficient in feed utilization and produced carcasses with less back fat and larger loin eye area compared to the latter. The digestible energy intake of pigs was less than animals of similar live weight in temperate environments. In order to improve efficiency of production, it is suggested that castrates and gilts be fed separately during the finishing stage with the castrates subjected to a more severe level of feed restriction in order to limit fat depositio

Effect of lubricant environment on saw damage in silicon wafers

The chemomechanical effect of lubricant environments on the inner diameter (ID) sawing induced surface damage in Si wafers was tested for four different lubricants: water, dielectric oil, and two commercial cutting solutions. The effects of applying different potential on Si crystals during the sawing were also tested. It is indicated that the number and depth of surface damage are sensitive to the chemical nature of the saw lubricant. It is determined that the lubricants that are good catalysts for breaking Si bonds can dampen the out of plane blade vibration more effectively and produce less surface damage. Correlations between the applied potential and the depth of damage in the dielectric oil and one of the commercial cutting solutions and possible mechanisms involved are discussed

An Exploratory Study of Investigating the Creative Potential of Taiwanese Children

The question of whether creativity should be viewed as domain-general or domain-specific, and unidimensional or multidimensional, have led to a vibrant discussion among students of creativity. Following a reviewing of the relevant literature, it was decided that the present study would focus its investigation of the creative potential of Taiwanese students on verbal and visual creative abilities. Three major findings were found: first, that the relationship between verbal and visual creativity was moderate and significant, while the relationship between ideational behavior, on the one hand, and verbal creativity and visual creativity, on the other, was weak and non-significant. Second, as illustrated by our perceptual map, it appears that verbal and visual creativity are different constructs, which might tend to support the domain-specific theory of creativity. Finally, gender did not function as a moderator between verbal and visual creativity

Effect of Increasing Stocking Density on Performance and Heterophil/Lymphocyte Ratios in Broilers

An experiment on space allowance of 0.095, 0.071, 0.057 and 0.048 m2/bird on wire mesh cages was conducted to study their effects on live-weight, feed intake and feed conversion of Orgal broilers from the age of 4 to 10 weeks. Heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio,an indicator of stress was also studied to determine whether over-crowding would effect this ratio. During the first 2 weeks of the experiment increasing stocking is reduced feed intake and improve feed conversion without significantly affecting growth rate. Overall, birds on the most liberal floor space allowance (0.095 m2/bird) had the best growth rate (39.2 glda») but this was achieved at a significantly higher feed intake (127.9 g/day) and poorer feed conversion (3.3).Conversely, birds on the highest stocking density (0.048 ,rz2lbiTd) had the poorest performance in terms of growlh rate (32.2 g/day) and feed intake(90.6 g/day). Birds on the two higher stocking density were constantly under stress as indicated by their relatively high H/L. ratios from the fourth week, of the study onwards, these two treatments also had higher mortalities. The results of the present study showed that stress associated with overcrowding reduced performance in broilers. A space allowance of 0.071 m2/bird is sufficient under om- local conditions for broiled reared in raised floor cages

Compressive Holographic Video

Compressed sensing has been discussed separately in spatial and temporal domains. Compressive holography has been introduced as a method that allows 3D tomographic reconstruction at different depths from a single 2D image. Coded exposure is a temporal compressed sensing method for high speed video acquisition. In this work, we combine compressive holography and coded exposure techniques and extend the discussion to 4D reconstruction in space and time from one coded captured image. In our prototype, digital in-line holography was used for imaging macroscopic, fast moving objects. The pixel-wise temporal modulation was implemented by a digital micromirror device. In this paper we demonstrate $10\times$ temporal super resolution with multiple depths recovery from a single image. Two examples are presented for the purpose of recording subtle vibrations and tracking small particles within 5 ms.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure

Cloud Properties Simulated by a Single-Column Model. Part II: Evaluation of Cumulus Detrainment and Ice-phase Microphysics Using a Cloud Resolving Model

This paper is the second in a series in which kilometer-scale-resolving observations from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program and a cloud-resolving model (CRM) are used to evaluate the single-column model (SCM) version of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Global Forecast System model. Part I demonstrated that kilometer-scale cirrus properties simulated by the SCM significantly differ from the cloud radar observations while the CRM simulation reproduced most of the cirrus properties as revealed by the observations. The present study describes an evaluation, through a comparison with the CRM, of the SCM's representation of detrainment from deep cumulus and ice-phase microphysics in an effort to better understand the findings of Part I. It is found that detrainment occurs too infrequently at a single level at a time in the SCM, although the detrainment rate averaged over the entire simulation period is somewhat comparable to that of the CRM simulation. Relatively too much detrained ice is sublimated when first detrained. Snow falls over too deep of a layer due to the assumption that snow source and sink terms exactly balance within one time step in the SCM. These characteristics in the SCM parameterizations may explain many of the differences in the cirrus properties between the SCM and the observations (or between the SCM and the CRM). A possible improvement for the SCM consists of the inclusion of multiple cumulus cloud types as in the original Arakawa-Schubert scheme, prognostically determining the stratiform cloud fraction and snow mixing ratio. This would allow better representation of the detrainment from deep convection, better coupling of the volume of detrained air with cloud fraction, and better representation of snow field