11 research outputs found
The bromine and chlorine isotope composition of primary halite deposits and their significance for the secular isotope composition of seawater
We determined the chlorine and bromine isotope compositions of 83 halite samples from nine different geological periods
between the Orosirian and the present in order to study the secular Cl and Br isotope variations in the ocean during the last 2
billion years. Relatively large Cl (-0.24 to +0.51â° vs. SMOC) and Br (-0.24 to +1.08â° vs. SMOB) isotope variations are
found in these halite samples. Two different methods, one in which the isotope fractionation between the brine and the salt is
used, and a second in which the relationship between the isotope compositions and the Br/Cl ratios in the halite samples is
used were applied to establish the original Cl and Br isotope compositions of the ocean. Both approaches showed that the Cl
and Br isotope compositions of the ocean have always been close to the modern value (which is by definition 0â° for both
isotope systems) and that at most very small variations in Br and Cl isotope composition of seawater have occurred during
the last 2 billion years. This indicates that, unlike in other isotope systems that often show significant isotope variations over
geologic time, Cl and Br isotope compositions can be used directly to determine processes that occurred in the deposits of
interest without need for correction for secular variations.This research is part of the project ââBRISOACTIONSâ that
has received funding from the European Unionâs Horizon 2020
research and innovation programme under the Marie
SkĆodowska-Curie grant agreement No 702001. We are grateful
to Gilian Schout (Utrecht University), Alex Klomp and JanWillem Weegink (both TNO Geological Survey) for their help in
sample selection from the Triassic and Upper Permian. We thank
Pierre Burckel (IPGP) for Cl and Br analyses by ICP-MS and
Laure Cordier (IPGP) for the analyses by ICP-OES. Parts of this
work were supported by the IPGP multidisciplinary program PARI, by ParisâIdF region SESAME Grant no. 12015908,
NSERC Discovery and Accelerator Grant to AB, and by Australian Research Council Grant DP160100607 to JJB
The bromine and chlorine isotope composition of primary halite deposits and their significance for the secular isotope composition of seawater
We determined the chlorine and bromine isotope compositions of 83 halite samples from nine different geological periods between the Orosirian and the present in order to study the secular Cl and Br isotope variations in the ocean during the last 2 billion years. Relatively large Cl (â0.24 to +0.51â° vs. SMOC) and Br (â0.24 to +1.08â° vs. SMOB) isotope variations are found in these halite samples. Two different methods, one in which the isotope fractionation between the brine and the salt is used, and a second in which the relationship between the isotope compositions and the Br/Cl ratios in the halite samples is used were applied to establish the original Cl and Br isotope compositions of the ocean. Both approaches showed that the Cl and Br isotope compositions of the ocean have always been close to the modern value (which is by definition 0â° for both isotope systems) and that at most very small variations in Br and Cl isotope composition of seawater have occurred during the last 2 billion years. This indicates that, unlike in other isotope systems that often show significant isotope variations over geologic time, Cl and Br isotope compositions can be used directly to determine processes that occurred in the deposits of interest without need for correction for secular variations
Unusual, basin-scale, fluidârock interaction in the Palaeoproterozoic Onega basin from Fennoscandia: Preservation in calcite ÎŽ18O of an ancient high geothermal gradient
Methanotrophy in a Paleoproterozoic oil field ecosystem, Zaonega Formation, Karelia, Russia
Claypool continued: Extending the isotopic record of sedimentary sulfate
© 2019 Elsevier B.V. The Proterozoic Eon spans Earth\u27s middle age during which many important transitions occurred. These transitions include the oxygenation of the atmosphere, emergence of eukaryotic organisms and growth of continents. Since the sulfur and oxygen cycles are intricately linked to most surface biogeochemical processes, these transitions should be recorded in changes to the isotopic composition of marine and terrestrial sulfate minerals. Here we present oxygen (â 17 O, ÎŽ 18 O) and sulfur (â 33 S, ÎŽ 34 S) isotope records of Proterozoic sulfate from currently available data together with new measurements of 313 samples from 33 different formations bearing Earth\u27s earliest unambiguous evaporites at 2.4 Ga through to Ediacaran aged deposits. This record depicts distinct intervals with respect to the expression of sulfate isotopes that are not completely captured by established intervals in the geologic timescale. The most salient pattern is the muted â 17 O signatures across the GOE, late Proterozoic and Ediacaran with values that are only slightly more negative than modern marine sulfate, contrasting with highly negative values across the mid-Proterozoic and Cryogenian. We combine these results with estimates of atmospheric composition to produce a gross primary production (GPP) curve for the Proterozoic. Through these results we argue that changes in GPP across Earth history likely help account for many of the changes in the Proterozoic Earth surface environment such as rising atmospheric oxygen, large fluctuations in the size of the marine sulfate reservoir and variations in the isotopic composition of sedimentary sulfate