Auslander-Reiten theory in functorially finite resolving subcategories

Abstract We analyze the Auslander-Reiten quive

The known-item search in library catalogues – user behaviour, problems, solution possibilities

Diese Bachelorarbeit untersucht das Nutzerverhalten bei einer known-item search, der Suche nach einem bekannten Objekt, im Bibliothekskatalog. Die vorliegenden Logfiles stammen aus dem Landesbibliothekszentrum Rheinland-Pfalz. Für einen Vergleich wurden zudem Logfiles aus der UB Heidelberg herangezogen. Untersucht werden Eingaben, Durchführung und Ergebnisse bei Recherchen mittels Titel, Verfasser, ISBN, Signatur und Kombinationen von Suchfeldern in der erweiterten Suche. Zudem wird der Einsatz von Booleschen Operatoren und Trunkierungen näher beleuchtet. Da dieses Themengebiet noch nie in diesem Umfang abgedeckt wurde, ist ein Vergleich mit der gängigen Literatur schwer. Der Großteil an Literatur untersucht die thematische Suche, die Verteilung der Anfragen auf Suchfelder oder den Aufbau der Onlinehilfe. Eine anschließende Analyse und Interpretation möglicher Gründe für Recherchevorgänge führt zu Verbesserungsvorschlägen. Eine parallel durchgeführte Umfrage mittels Fragebogen stellt den Praxisbezug her; gleichzeitig lassen sich die Ergebnisse der Befragung mit den Logfiles vergleichen.This Bachelor Thesis examines the progress of users undertaking a known-item search, the search for a known object in a library catalogue. The Logfiles used in this thesis are from the regional library center in Rhineland-Palatinate “Landesbibliothekszentrum Rheinland-Pfalz”. For a comparison, Logfiles from the Heidelberg University Library were consulted. Before they were examined, the received Logfiles had to be converted into a readable format. The entry, execution and results using the title, author, ISBN, signature and combination of look-up fields of the expanded search have been examined. In addition the application of Boolean operators and truncations were highlighted. A comparison with common literature is difficult, because this subject was not covered previously using this approach. A good portion of the literature examines the thematic search, the apportionment of queries in look-up fields or the assembly of online help. The analysis of these factors related to searches has identified a number of suggestions for improvements. The relationship to the code of practice is presented from surveys obtained via questionnaires. After the evaluation the results are compared to the Logfiles

Nonlinear excitation of low-n harmonics in reduced magnetohydrodynamic simulations of edge-localized modes

Nonlinear simulations of the early ELM phase based on a typical type-I ELMy ASDEX Upgrade discharge have been carried out using the reduced MHD code JOREK. The analysis is focused on the evolution of the toroidal Fourier spectrum. It is found that during the nonlinear evolution, linearly subdominant low-n Fourier components, in particular the n = 1, grow to energies comparable with linearly dominant harmonics. A simple model is developed, based on the idea that energy is transferred among the toroidal harmonics via second order nonlinear interaction. The simple model reproduces and explains very well the early nonlinear evolution of the toroidal spectrum in the JOREK simulations. Furthermore, it is shown for the n = 1 harmonic, that its spatial structure changes significantly during the transition from linear to nonlinearly driven growth. The rigidly growing structure of the linearly barely unstable n = 1 reaches far into the plasma core. In contrast, the nonlinearly driven n = 1 has a rigidly growing structure localized at the plasma edge, where the dominant toroidal harmonics driving the n = 1 are maximal and in phase. The presented quadratic coupling model might explain the recent experimental observation of strong low-n components in magnetic measurements [Wenninger et al., Non-linear magnetic perturbations during edge localized modes in TCV dominated by low n mode components, submitted to Nuclear Fusion]

“I was a little surprised”: Qualitative Insights from Patients Enrolled in a 12-Month Trial Comparing Opioids to Non-Opioid Medications for Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain

Chronic musculoskeletal pain is a major public health problem. Although opioid prescribing for chronic pain has increased dramatically since the 1990s, this practice has come under scrutiny because of increases in opioid-related harms and lack of evidence for long-term effectiveness. The Strategies for Prescribing Analgesics Comparative Effectiveness (SPACE) trial was a pragmatic 12-month randomized trial comparing benefits and harms of opioid versus non-opioid medications for chronic musculoskeletal pain. The current qualitative study was designed to better understand trial results by exploring patients’ experiences, including perceptions of medications, experiences with the intervention, and whether expectations were met. Thirty-four participants who were purposefully sampled based on treatment group and intervention response participated in semi-structured interviews. The constant comparison method guided analysis. Results revealed that participants often held strong beliefs about opioid medications, which sometimes changed during the trial as they gained experience with medications; participants described a wide variety of experiences with treatment effectiveness, regardless of study group or their response to the intervention; and participants highly valued the personalized pain care model used in SPACE

Clock monitoring is associated with age-related decline in time-based prospective memory

In laboratory time-based prospective memory tasks, older adults typically perform worse than younger adults do. It has been suggested that less frequent clock checking due to problems with executive functions may be responsible. We aimed to investigate the role of clock checking in older adults’ time-based prospective memory and to clarify whether executive functions would be associated with clock checking and consequently, with time-based prospective memory. We included 62 healthy older adults (62-85 years of age) and applied tasks of time-based prospective memory as well as of executive functions (i.e., inhibition, fluency, and working memory). We used mediation analysis to test whether time-based prospective memory declined with advancing age due to less frequent clock checking. In addition, we tested whether there would be an association between executive functions and clock checking or time-based prospective memory. Time-based prospective memory declined with advancing age due to less frequent clock checking within 30s prior to intention completion. We only found a link between executive functions and clock checking (or time-based prospective memory) when not controlling for age. Our results support the importance of clock checking for time-based prospective memory and add to the current literature that older adults’ prospective memory declines because they are less able to adapt their clock checking. Yet, the reason why older adults are less able to adapt their clock checking still remains open. Our results do not indicate that executive function deficits play a central role

Defects in amorphous phase-change materials

Understanding the physical origin of threshold switching and resistance drift phenomena is necessary for making a breakthrough in the performance of low-cost nanoscale technologies related to nonvolatile phase-change memories. Even though both phenomena of threshold switching and resistance drift are often attributed to localized states in the band gap, the distribution of defect states in amorphous phase-change materials (PCMs) has not received so far, the level of attention that it merits. This work presents an experimental study of defects in amorphous PCMs using modulated photocurrent experiments and photothermal deflection spectroscopy. This study of electrically switching alloys involving germanium (Ge), antimony (Sb) and tellurium (Te) such as amorphous germanium telluride (a-GeTe), a-Ge15Te85 and a-Ge2Sb2Te5 demonstrates that those compositions showing a high electrical threshold field also show a high defect density. This result supports a mechanism of recombination and field-induced generation driving threshold switching in amorphous chalcogenides. Furthermore, this work provides strong experimental evidence for complex trap kinetics during resistance drift. This work reports annihilation of deep states and an increase in shallow defect density accompanied by band gap widening in aged a-GeTe thin film

On \u27inspiring\u27 and \u27safe places\u27. The aesthetic use of place in music-app practices

Obwohl Musikapps immer beliebter werden, gibt es bisher kaum Forschung zu informellen Musikpraktiken mit Apps. Dieser Beitrag präsentiert Ergebnisse einer Studie zu Lernprozessen und ästhetischen Erfahrungen in informellen Appmusikpraktiken. Insbesondere stellt er ästhetische Praktiken (Reckwitz, 2008b) der Nutzung von Orten vor. Im Rahmen einer Grounded-Theory-Studie (Charmaz, 2014) wurden Daten mittels Interviews, teilnehmender Beobachtung und Videographie erhoben. Exemplarisch werden Praktiken der Nutzung von ‚inspirierenden Orten‘ und ‚Safe Places‘ vorgestellt, für die die Wahrnehmung von Atmosphären entscheidend ist. Sie können auch als Techniken der Erzeugung von Stimmungen verstanden werden. Die Ergebnisse können Licht auf die ästhetischen Besonderheiten mobilen Musikmachens werfen. (DIPF/Orig.)Although music apps are becoming increasingly popular, there has been little research on informal music practices with apps. This article presents findings of an ongoing study on learning processes and aesthetic experiences with informal appmusic practices. In particular, it discusses the aesthetic practices (Reckwitz, 2008b) of using specific places for making music. In our grounded theory study (Charmaz, 2014) we collected data using interviews, participant observation and videography. As exemplary cases, this article presents two analyses of the use of ‘inspiring places’ and ‘safe places’. The results suggest that perceiving the atmosphere is a fundamental prerequisite for both places. Additionally, the results shed light on aesthetic aspects of mobile music making. (DIPF/Orig.

Inhalationally administered semifluorinated alkanes (SFAs) as drug carriers in an experimental model of acute respiratory distress syndrome

Aerosol therapy in patients suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has so far failed in improving patients’ outcomes. This might be because dependent lung areas cannot be reached by conventional aerosols. Due to their physicochemical properties, semifluorinated alkanes (SFAs) could address this problem. After induction of ARDS, 26 pigs were randomized into three groups: (1) control (Sham), (2) perfluorohexyloctane (F6H8), and (3) F6H8-ibuprofen. Using a nebulization catheter, (2) received 1 mL/kg F6H8 while (3) received 1 mL/kg F6H8 with 6 mg/mL ibuprofen. Ibuprofen plasma and lung tissue concentration, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid concentration of TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-6, and lung mechanics were measured. The ibuprofen concentration was equally distributed to the dependent parts of the right lungs. Pharmacokinetic data demonstrated systemic absorption of ibuprofen proofing a transport across the alveolo-capillary membrane. A significantly lower TNF-α concentration was observed in (2) and (3) when compared to the control group (1). There were no significant differences in IL-8 and IL-6 concentrations and lung mechanics. F6H8 aerosol seemed to be a suitable carrier for pulmonary drug delivery to dependent ARDS lung regions without having negative effects on lung mechanics

Seed germination and seedling survival of Drosera rotundifolia (L.) cultivated on Sphagnum: Influence of cultivation methods and conditions, seed density, Sphagnum species and vascular plant cover

Round-leaved sundew (Drosera rotundifolia L.) is a rare bog species that is commonly collected for the European herbal market in the wild, leading to the destruction of its natural populations. The aim of this study is to compare sundew cultivation methods on Sphagnum lawn that meet the requirements of the pharmaceutical industry and could promote a sustainable commercial cultivation. Seed germination and seedling survival of D. rotundifolia were studied in biodegradable cellulose pots, paper mesh bags or directly sown (cultivation methods) in a natural, a semi-natural Sphagnum farming and a greenhouse environment (cultivation conditions); using different seed densities. Drosera was cultivated on Sphagnum palustre or S. papillosum lawn and with or without co-occurring vascular plants. Best seed germination for all cultivation methods was recorded in the greenhouse, most successful were cellulose pots (≤ 26 %). Cellulose pots were also most successful under semi-natural (≤ 15 %) and natural (≤ 7 %) conditions. Lowest seed germination rates (< 1 %) were found for direct sowing under semi-natural and natural conditions, indicating that large-scale cultivation by direct sowing requires large quantities of seeds. High survival rates were observed for all cultivation methods in the second year of growth (mean 70 %). The removal of co-occurring vascular plants showed a positive correlation with the number of Drosera seedlings in the first year and led to a higher number of surviving Drosera plants in the second year. Cultivation of D. rotundifolia in biodegradable cellulose pots and direct seed sowing on Sphagnum lawns meet the cultivation requirements of the pharmaceutical industry and have many ecological benefits compared to collection in the wild