El tratamiento psicológico del insomnio durante la infancia: Una revisión paraguas

El insomnio es un problema muy frecuente en niños y adolescentes y está relacionado con numerosos resultados negativos. La evidencia sobre las intervenciones psicológicas efectivas en el tratamiento del insomnio infantil ha ido en aumento, pero carece de una síntesis exhaustiva de los hallazgos. Por ello, realizamos una revisión sistemática de revisiones sistemáticas y meta-análisis sobre la efectividad de las intervenciones psicológicas en el tratamiento del insomnio infantil. Se realizaron búsquedas en la base de datos PsycINFO, hasta julio de 2022, mediante una combinación de palabras clave. Los datos fueron extraídos de forma independiente por las dos autoras y se presentó una síntesis de los resultados. La calidad metodológica fue evaluada de forma independiente por las dos autoras, utilizando AMSTAR-2. Se incluyeron cuatro artículos que informaron, en general, sobre la efectividad de las intervenciones psicológicas para disminuir los síntomas de insomnio durante la infancia y adolescencia, tanto a corto como a largo plazo. Las revisiones incluidas fueron calificadas con una calidad metodológica baja, lo que debilita la evidencia de los resultados reportados. Se encontró que actualmente la Terapia Cognitivo Conductual es la intervención psicológica más basada en la evidencia y la más efectiva, independientemente del formato de tratamiento. Se necesitan realizar más ensayos clínicos aleatorios de alta calidadThe psychological treatment of insomnia during childhood: An umbrella review. Insomnia is a very common problem in children and adolescents and is associated with numerous negative outcomes. Evidence for effective psychological interventions in the treatment of childhood insomnia has been increasing, but lacks a comprehensive synthesis of findings. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the effectiveness of psychological interventions in the treatment of childhood insomnia. We searched the PsycINFO database, until July 2022, using a combination of keywords. Data were extracted independently by the two authors and a synthesis of the results was presented. Methodological quality was assessed independently by the two authors using AMSTAR-2. Four articles were included that reported, in general, on the effectiveness of psychological interventions to decrease insomnia symptoms during childhood and adolescence, both in the short and long term. The included reviews were rated with low methodological quality, which weakens the evidence for the reported results. CBT was currently found to be the most evidence-based and effective psychological intervention, regardless of treatment format. More high-quality randomized clinical trials are neede

La relación entre la experiencia de la atención sanitaria y la depresión perinatal durante la pandemia COVID-19

Background: The prevalence of peripartum depression (PPD) has increased substantially since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. To reduce the probability of contagion, hospitals had to adapt their care protocols, including the care of women in the perinatal period. Method: A cross-sectional study was used in a total sample of 3,356 women, 1,402 in the prenatal period and 1,954 in the postnatal period. They completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale to assess depressive symptoms and the Spanish version of the Coronavirus Perinatal Experiences to assess health experience. Results: The results showed that feeling very well supported by a health professional was associated with a lower risk of PPD. On the other hand, believing it very important to have access to a mental health professional and being concerned about changes in infant care due to COVID-19 were associated with a higher risk of PPD. Conclusion: The results showed the relationship between health experience and the risk of depressive symptoms, highlighting the importance of considering the psychological aspects in the development of measures and protocols for perinatal care.Antecedentes: La prevalencia de la depresión perinatal ha aumentado sustancialmente desde el inicio de la pandemia debido al coronavirus (COVID-19). Para reducir la probabilidad de contagio, los hospitales tuvieron que adaptar sus protocolos asistenciales, incluyendo la atención a las mujeres en el periodo perinatal. Método: Se utilizó un estudio transversal en una muestra total de 3,356 mujeres, 1,402 en el período prenatal y 1,954 en el período postnatal. Cumplimentaron la Escala de Depresión Postnatal de Edimburgo para evaluar los síntomas depresivos y la versión española de la Encuesta sobre Experiencias Perinatales durante el Coronavirus para evaluar la experiencia de la atención sanitaria. Resultados. Los resultados mostraron que sentirse muy bien apoyada por un profesional de la salud se asoció con un menor riesgo de desarrollar depresión perinatal. Por otro lado, creer que es muy importante tener acceso a un profesional de la salud mental y estar preocupada por los cambios en el cuidado del bebé debido al COVID-19 se asociaron con un mayor riesgo de depresión perinatal. Conclusión: Los resultados mostraron la relación entre la experiencia sanitaria y el riesgo de síntomas depresivos, destacando la importancia de considerar los aspectos psicológicos en el desarrollo de medidas y protocolos de atención perinatal

The Relationship between Healthcare Experience and Perinatal Depression during COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: The prevalence of peripartum depression (PPD) has increased substantially since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. To reduce the probability of contagion, hospitals had to adapt their care protocols, including the care of women in the perinatal period. Method: A cross-sectional study was used in a total sample of 3,356 women, 1,402 in the prenatal period and 1,954 in the postnatal period. They completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale to assess depressive symptoms and the Spanish version of the Coronavirus Perinatal Experiences to assess health experience. Results: The results showed that feeling very well supported by a health professional was associated with a lower risk of PPD. On the other hand, believing it very important to have access to a mental health professional and being concerned about changes in infant care due to COVID-19 were associated with a higher risk of PPD. Conclusion: The results showed the relationship between health experience and the risk of depressive symptoms, highlighting the importance of considering the psychological aspects in the development of measures and protocols for perinatal care

Perinatal depression in the Spanish context: consensus report from the general council of psychology of Spain

Background: Perinatal depression is a major public health problem, with an estimated prevalence of approximately 15% during the first postpartum year. Despite the high prevalence of postpartum depression, there is no consensus regarding assessment and treatment in the Spanish context. The General Council of Psychology of Spain convened a working group of experts in the field, including both academics and healthcare professionals, to review and propose recommendations based on evidence and best practices that could be applied in the Spanish context. Method: A literature search was completed in various databases (e.g., Medline, PsychInfo) including a combination of terms related to peripartum depression (PPD) assessment and diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and cost-effectiveness. A narrative synthesis of the literature has been conducted together with a critical overview of PPD with a special focus on the Spanish context. Results: In this consensus report, developing questions including prevalence and assessment tools, comparative effectiveness of preventive and treatment interventions, and cost-effectiveness of PPD management have been analyzed. Conclusions: The General Council of Psychology of Spain network advocates the establishment of compulsory screening protocols in all the autonomous regions. Also, it is necessary to promote the inclusion in maternal education of programs for the promotion of mental well-being and selective/indicated prevention carried out by a psychology professional with specialized training in the area. This consensus document also promotes the presence of a psychology professional with specialized training in the area. Antecedentes. La depresión perinatal es un importante problema de salud pública, con una prevalencia estimada de aproximadamente el 15% durante el primer año posparto. A pesar de la gran prevalencia de depresión posparto (DPP), no existe consenso sobre la evaluación y el tratamiento en el contexto español. El Consejo General de Psicología de España convocó a un grupo de trabajo de expertos en la materia, tanto académicos como profesionales sanitarios, para revisar y proponer recomendaciones basadas en evidencias y mejores prácticas que puedan aplicarse en el contexto español. Método. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en varias bases de datos (p. ej., Medline, PsychInfo) que incluía una combinación de términos relacionados con la evaluación y el diagnóstico de la DPP, prevención, tratamiento y coste-eficacia. Se ha realizado una síntesis narrativa de la literatura junto con una visión crítica de la DPP con un enfoque especial en el contexto español. Resultados. Las preguntas de desarrollo que incluyen prevalencia y herramientas de evaluación, la eficacia comparativa de las intervenciones preventivas y de tratamiento y la relación coste-efectividad de la gestión de la PPD se han analizado en este informe de consenso. Conclusiones. La red del Consejo General de Psicología de España aboga por el establecimiento de protocolos obligatorios de cribado en todas las Comunidades Autónomas. Asimismo, es necesario promover la inclusión en la educación materna de programas de promoción del bienestar mental y la prevención selectiva indicada llevadas a cabo por un profesional de la psicología con formación especializada en el área

Propuesta de un Programa de Parentalidad Positiva desde la Gestación

En este trabajo se ha realizado una revisión de estudios que determinan los factores claves del rol parental y sobre la parentalidad positiva como el enfoque que mejor se ajusta a la actualidad. También se explica la importancia del desarrollo intrauterino y las interacciones materno-filiales, incluyendo los efectos de las influencias ambientales en el desarrollo fetal y el impacto del proceso de la gestación en los padres. Este trayecto ha conducido al desarrollo de un programa de Parentalidad Positiva desde la Gestación de prevención primaria, con acceso universal y con un modelo académico destinado a las madres y padres primerizos que se encuentren en el periodo gestacional. Su programación y desarrollo están basados en programas con evidencia empírica en los beneficios de sus resultados. Se propone realizar una investigación con un diseño cuasiexperimental longitudinal para comprobar si el programa es efectivo para facilitar el ejercicio positivo del rol parental y potenciar el desarrollo del niño/a desde su gestació

The socio-demographic profile associated with perinatal depression during the COVID-19 era

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused an increase in perinatal depression. The aim of this research was to identify which sociodemographic variables are related to the increase in perinatal depression due to the pandemic. In addition to estimating to what extent they predict perinatal depression, differentiating the prenatal and postnatal periods. Methods The sample consisted of 3,356 subjects, 1,402 in the prenatal period and 1,954 in the postnatal period. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used to assess depressive symptomatology. A subset of 14 questions was included to collect demographic data. Items from the Spanish version of the Coronavirus Perinatal Experiences Survey were also included. Results Experiencing the change of environment due to COVID-19 as negative and having a history of mental health predict perinatal depression, otherwise having higher education decreases the risk. In the prenatal stage having symptoms compatible with COVID-19 is a predictor of perinatal depression and having more than 3 years living together with the partner and being a housewife decreases the risk. In the postnatal stage being unemployed is a predictor of prenatal depression and being a first-time mother decreases the risk. Conclusions This study highlights the relevance of sociodemographic status. It is essential to be aware of the risk factors of perinatal depression, to make adequate prevention, and to create health policies to alleviate the consequences of the pandemic

The socio-demographic profile associated with perinatal depression during the COVID-19 era

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused an increase in perinatal depression. The aim of this research was to identify which sociodemographic variables are related to the increase in perinatal depression due to the pandemic. In addition to estimating to what extent they predict perinatal depression, diferentiating the prenatal and postnatal periods. Methods The sample consisted of 3,356 subjects, 1,402 in the prenatal period and 1,954 in the postnatal period. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used to assess depressive symptomatology. A subset of 14 questions was included to collect demographic data. Items from the Spanish version of the Coronavirus Perinatal Experiences Survey were also included. Results Experiencing the change of environment due to COVID-19 as negative and having a history of mental health predict perinatal depression, otherwise having higher education decreases the risk. In the prenatal stage having symptoms compatible with COVID-19 is a predictor of perinatal depression and having more than 3 years living together with the partner and being a housewife decreases the risk. In the postnatal stage being unemployed is a predictor of prenatal depression and being a frst-time mother decreases the risk. Conclusions This study highlights the relevance of sociodemographic status. It is essential to be aware of the risk factors of perinatal depression, to make adequate prevention, and to create health policies to alleviate the consequences of the pandemic

Hygiene-based measures for the prevention of cytomegalovirus infection in pregnant women: a systematic review

Abstract Background Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the most frequent congenital infection worldwide causing important sequelae. However, no vaccine or antiviral treatments are currently available, thus interventions are restricted to behavioral measures. The aim of this systematic review was to assess evidence from available intervention studies using hygiene-based measures to prevent HCMV infection during pregnancy. Methods Studies published from 1972 to 2023 were searched in Medline, PsycInfo, and Clinical Trials (PROSPERO, CRD42022344840) according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Methodological quality was assessed by two authors, using ROBE-2 and MINORS. Results After reviewing 6 selected articles, the outcome analysis suggested that implementation of hygiene-based interventions during pregnancy prevent, to some extent, the acquisition of congenital HCMV. Conclusions However, these conclusions are based on limited and low-quality evidence available from few studies using this type of intervention in clinical practice. Thus, it would be necessary to perform effective and homogeneous intervention studies using hygiene-based measures, evaluated in high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs)

Relación entre empatía y respuesta matutina de cortisol

Seeking to prevent antisocial behavior, the study of the biological basis of empathy has gained certain relevance in recent years. Some studies have pointed out the involvement of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) and cortisol in empathy, but few have studied the relationship between the first and Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR), as an indicator of HPA's basal activity. This research aims to study the relationship between empathy (cognitive and emotional) and CAR in 39 men and 91 women (47 in the follicular phase and 44 in the luteal phase of their menstrual cycle). CAR was obtained from saliva samples collected upon awakening and 30, 45 and 60 minutes later; empathy was assessed using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. The results show that women exhibit greater cognitive empathy, when the increase in CAR during the follicular phase is greater. Men, on the other hand, experiment fewer sympathy or emotional contagion when the increase in CAR is greater. Therefore, the differences found between empathy and sympathy regarding gender and menstrual cycle phases in women could be explained by different psychobiological patterns.Con la finalidad de prevenir la conducta antisocial, el estudio de las bases biológicas de la empatía ha cobrado especial relevancia en los últimos años. Diversos estudios han resaltado la implicación del eje hipotálamo-hipófisis-adrenal (HHA) y el cortisol en la empatía, pero son escasos los que han estudiado la relación entre esta y la respuesta matutina de cortisol (CAR, por su nombre en inglés Cortisol Awakening Response) como indicador de la actividad basal del HHA. Este estudio analiza la asociación entre la empatía, tanto cognitiva como emocional, y la CAR en 39 hombres y 91 mujeres (47 fase folicular y 44 fase lútea del ciclo menstrual). La CAR se obtuvo a partir de muestras de saliva recogidas al despertar y a los 30, 45 y 60 minutos posteriores, la empatía se evaluó mediante el Índice de Reactividad Interpersonal (Interpersonal Reactivity Index). Los resultados muestran que las mujeres exhiben mayor empatía cognitiva cuando mayor es el incremento de la CAR durante la fase folicular. Los hombres muestran menor simpatía o contagio emocional cuando es mayor el incremento de la CAR. Por tanto, las diferencias entre empatía y simpatía, en función del género y de la fase del ciclo menstrual en las mujeres, podrían ser explicadas por la existencia de patrones psicobiológicos distintos