Apresentação

Apresentaçã

La maladie d’Alzheimer : l’expérience unique des aidants familiaux

A demência é uma síndrome de curso lento, progressivo e de natureza crônica, sendo o subtipo doença de Alzheimer (DA) a mais comum. Muitos estudos são realizados a partir das demandas da pessoa com demência, porém na perspectiva do cuidador eles são escassos. A pesquisa qualitativa teve como objetivo conhecer aspectos singulares da experiência do cuidar na perspectiva de cuidadoras familiares de idosos com DA, a partir de abordagem qualitativa. Foi utilizado o método fenomenológico proposto por Giorgi e Sousa. Participaram nove cuidadoras familiares (quatro esposas e cinco filhas) que cuidam de seus familiares. Esta pesquisa acompanhou o cuidar na fase inicial, moderada, avançada, em diferentes estágios da doença e no pós-óbito. A partir da questão central: “Como é para você a experiência de acompanhar seu familiar com a doença de Alzheimer?”, emergiram treze unidades temáticas que foram associadas às fases da doença. Os resultados apontaram as necessidades dos cuidadores, que vão desde o diagnóstico em fases iniciais até a criação de espaço para escuta e acolhimento diante das perdas graduais vivenciadas ao longo do processo de cuidar. Assim, é urgente o investimento em formação de profissionais em todas as áreas envolvidas no cuidar para promover qualidade de vida e bem-estar aos cuidadores. bem como a necessidade de equipes interdisciplinares para a experiência singular do cuidado em demência.La demencia es un síndrome de curso lento y progresivo, de naturaleza crónica, en la cual se destaca como subtipo más común la enfermedad de Alzheimer –EA– (Burlá, 2015). Se han realizado muchos estudios acerca de las demandas del individuo con demencia, pero son pocos desde la perspectiva del cuidador. A partir de un abordaje cualitativo, la investigación tuvo como objetivo conocer la experiencia del cuidado en la perspectiva de cuidadoras familiares de ancianos con EA. Se utilizó el método fenomenológico propuesto por Giorgi y Sousa (2010). Participaron nueve cuidadoras familiares (4 esposas y 5 hijas). El estudio acompañó el proceso del cuidado en las etapas inicial, intermedia y avanzada, en diferentes fases de la enfermedad y en el postóbito. Desde la cuestión central: “Cómo es para usted la experiencia de acompañar a su familiar con la enfermedad de Alzheimer?”, emergieron trece unidades temáticas que se asociaron a las fases de la enfermedad. Los hallazgos apuntan las necesidades de los cuidadores, desde el diagnóstico en la etapa inicial hasta la creación de un espacio para la escucha y el acogimiento en el proceso vivenciado a lo largo del cuidado. Es imprescindible invertir en la formación de profesionales de todas las áreas asociadas al cuidado para promover la calidad de vida y el bienestar de los cuidadores, así como son necesarios equipos interdisciplinarios para la experiencia singular del cuidado en demencia.La démence est un syndrome à évolution lente et progressive, de nature chronique, et son sous-type la maladie d’Alzheimer étant le plus fréquent (Burlá, 2015). De nombreuses études sont réalisées en fonction des demandes du patient, mais du côté de l’aidant familial, elles sont rares. Cette recherche a eu pour objectif connaître l’expérience des soins du point de vue des aidants familiaux des personnes âgées atteints de la MA à travers une abordage qualitative. En ce qui concerne la méthodologie, nous avons choisi l’approche phénoménologique proposée par Giorgi et Sousa (2010). Y ont participé neuf membres familiaux (4 épouses et 5 filles) qui ont pris part aux soins à différents stades de la maladie et après le décès de leur proche. De la question centrale : « Comment est l’expérience d’accompagner un membre de sa famille avec la maladie d’Alzheimer ? », sont émergé 13 thématiques qui ont été associés aux stades de la maladie. Les résultats ont indiqué le besoin signaler par ces aidants de se faire soutenir à partir de l’accès au diagnostic, en ayant un espace de parole que les soient dédié tout au long du processus de l’accompagnement des soins. Ainsi, il s’avère l’importance d’investissement dans la formation de tous les métiers concernant, pour la qualité de vie et le bien-être des aidants et le besoin d’une équipe interdisciplinaire capable de soutenir l’expérience singulière vécue par le membre de la famille qui s’occupe des soins au patient que souffre de démence.Dementia is a slow-progressing chronic syndrome with the subtype of Alzheimer‘s disease being the most commom (Burlá, 2015). This study verified the experience of care from the perspective of family caregivers of older adults with AD from the qualitative approach. The phenomenological method proposed by Giorgi and Sousa (2010) was adopted. Nine family caregivers (4 wives and 5 daughters) participated during different stages of the disease and after death. From the main question “How is your experience of caring for your relative with Alzheimer‘s disease?“ emerged 13 thematic units associated with each stage of the disease. The findings raise the need of caregivers, which include initial diagnosis and goes through the creation of a space for listening and care, given the gradual loss experienced throughout the caring process. Thus, there must be investments in forming professionals of all fields related to healthcare in order to promote quality of life and well-being for caregivers, as well as the need for interdisciplinary teams for the unique experience of dementia care

Submillimeter Follow-up of WISE-Selected Hyperluminous Galaxies

We have used the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (CSO) to follow-up a sample of WISE-selected, hyperluminous galaxies, so called W1W2-dropout galaxies. This is a rare (~ 1000 all-sky) population of galaxies at high redshift (peaks at z=2-3), that are faint or undetected by WISE at 3.4 and 4.6 um, yet are clearly detected at 12 and 22 um. The optical spectra of most of these galaxies show significant AGN activity. We observed 14 high-redshift (z > 1.7) W1W2-dropout galaxies with SHARC-II at 350 to 850 um, with 9 detections; and observed 18 with Bolocam at 1.1 mm, with five detections. Warm Spitzer follow-up of 25 targets at 3.6 and 4.5 um, as well as optical spectra of 12 targets are also presented in the paper. Combining WISE data with observations from warm Spitzer and CSO, we constructed their mid-IR to millimeter spectral energy distributions (SEDs). These SEDs have a consistent shape, showing significantly higher mid-IR to submm ratios than other galaxy templates, suggesting a hotter dust temperature. We estimate their dust temperatures to be 60-120 K using a single-temperature model. Their infrared luminosities are well over 10^{13} Lsun. These SEDs are not well fitted with existing galaxy templates, suggesting they are a new population with very high luminosity and hot dust. They are likely among the most luminous galaxies in the Universe. We argue that they are extreme cases of luminous, hot dust-obscured galaxies (DOGs), possibly representing a short evolutionary phase during galaxy merging and evolution. A better understanding of their long-wavelength properties needs ALMA as well as Herschel data.Comment: Will be Published on Sep 1, 2012 by Ap

PRIM1 Deficiency Causes a Distinctive Primordial Dwarfism Syndrome

DNA replication is fundamental for cell proliferation in all organisms. Nonetheless, components of the replisome have been implicated in human disease, and here we report PRIM1 encoding the catalytic subunit of DNA primase as a novel disease gene. Using a variant classification agnostic approach, biallelic mutations in PRIM1 were identified in five individuals. PRIM1 protein levels were markedly reduced in patient cells, accompanied by replication fork asymmetry, increased interorigin distances, replication stress, and prolonged S-phase duration. Consequently, cell proliferation was markedly impaired, explaining the patients' extreme growth failure. Notably, phenotypic features distinct from those previously reported with DNA polymerase genes were evident, highlighting differing developmental requirements for this core replisome component that warrant future investigation

Hyperthermic Intrathoracic Chemotherapy (HITOC) after Cytoreductive Surgery for Pleural Malignancies—A Retrospective, Multicentre Study

In the context of quality assurance, the objectives were to describe the surgical treatment and postoperative morbidity (particularly renal insufficiency). A retrospective, multicentre study of patients who underwent cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with cisplatin-based HITOC was performed. The study was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation (GZ: RI 2905/3-1)). Patients (n = 350) with malignant pleural mesothelioma (n = 261; 75%) and thymic tumours with pleural spread (n = 58; 17%) or pleural metastases (n = 31; 9%) were analyzed. CRS was accomplished by pleurectomy/decortication (P/D: n = 77; 22%), extended P/D (eP/D: n = 263; 75%) or extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP: n = 10; 3%). Patients received cisplatin alone (n = 212; 61%) or cisplatin plus doxorubicin (n = 138; 39%). Low-dose cisplatin (≤125 mg/m2 BSA) was given in 67% of patients (n = 234), and high-dose cisplatin (>125 mg/m2 BSA) was given in 33% of patients (n = 116). Postoperative renal insufficiency appeared in 12% of the patients (n = 41), and 1.4% (n = 5) required temporary dialysis. Surgical revision was necessary in 51 patients (15%). In-hospital mortality was 3.7% (n = 13). Patients receiving high-dose cisplatin were 2.7 times more likely to suffer from renal insufficiency than patients receiving low-dose cisplatin (p = 0.006). The risk for postoperative renal failure is dependent on the intrathoracic cisplatin dosage but was within an acceptable range

LUBAC deficiency perturbs TLR3 signaling to cause immunodeficiency and autoinflammation

The linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC), consisting of SHANK-associated RH-domain-interacting protein (SHARPIN), heme-oxidized IRP2 ubiquitin ligase-1 (HOIL-1), and HOIL-1-interacting protein (HOIP), is a critical regulator of inflammation and immunity. This is highlighted by the fact that patients with perturbed linear ubiquitination caused by mutations in the Hoip or Hoil-1 genes, resulting in knockouts of these proteins, may simultaneously suffer from immunodeficiency and autoinflammation. TLR3 plays a crucial, albeit controversial, role in viral infection and tissue damage. We identify a pivotal role of LUBAC in TLR3 signaling and discover a functional interaction between LUBAC components and TLR3 as crucial for immunity to influenza A virus infection. On the biochemical level, we identify LUBAC components as interacting with the TLR3-signaling complex (SC), thereby enabling TLR3-mediated gene activation. Absence of LUBAC components increases formation of a previously unrecognized TLR3-induced death-inducing SC, leading to enhanced cell death. Intriguingly, excessive TLR3-mediated cell death, induced by double-stranded RNA present in the skin of SHARPIN-deficient chronic proliferative dermatitis mice (cpdm), is a major contributor to their autoinflammatory skin phenotype, as genetic coablation of Tlr3 substantially ameliorated cpdm dermatitis. Thus, LUBAC components control TLR3-mediated innate immunity, thereby preventing development of immunodeficiency and autoinflammation.This work was funded by a Wellcome Trust Senior Investigator award (096831/Z/11/Z; and grant 090315 to H. Ren) and an European Research Council advanced grant (294880; H. Walczak). J. Zinngrebe received support from the Boehringer Ingelheim Fonds and N. Peltzer received funds from the Swiss National Science Foundation. B.J. Ferguson is supported by an Isaac Newton Trust/Wellcome Trust ISSF/University of Cambridge research grant. B. Dome received support from the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA-K108465)

Influence of sex, age, pubertal maturation and body mass index on circulating white blood cell counts in healthy European adolescents—the HELENA study

Percentiles 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th are presented for circulating white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils in healthy European adolescents (12.5–17.5 years, n = 405, 48.9 % boys), considering age, sex, puberty and body mass index (BMI). CD3+ (mature T cells), CD4+ (T helper), CD8+ (T cytotoxic), CD16+56+ (natural killer), CD19+ (B cells), CD3+CD45RA+, CD4+CD45RA+, CD8+CD45RA+ (naïve), CD3+CD45RO+, CD4+CD45RO+ and CD8+CD45RO+ (memory) lymphocytes were also analysed by immunophenotyping. Girls presented higher WBC, neutrophil, CD3+CD45RO+ and CD4+CD45RO+ cell counts and CD3+/CD19+ ratio, and lower CD3+CD45RA+ and CD4+CD45RA+ counts than boys. Age was associated with higher neutrophil counts and CD3+/CD19+, and lower CD19+ counts; in boys, with lower CD3+CD45RA+, CD4+CD45RA+ and CD8+CD45RA+ counts as well; in girls, with higher WBC, CD3+CD45RO+ and CD4+CD45RO+ counts. Pubertal maturation in boys was associated with lower WBC and lymphocyte counts; in girls, with higher basophil, CD3+CD45RO+ and CD4+CD45RO+ values. BMI was associated with higher WBC counts; in boys, also with higher lymphocyte counts; in girls, with higher neutrophil, CD4+, CD3+CD45RO+ and CD4+CD45RO+ counts. Conclusion: Our study provides normative values for circulating immune cells in adolescents, highlighting the importance of considering sex, age, pubertal maturation and BMI when establishing reference ranges for WBC in paediatric populations

Social Perceptions of Forest Ecosystem Services in the Democratic Republic of Congo

The forests of the Albertine Rift are known for their high biodiversity and the important ecosystem services they provide to millions of inhabitants. However, their conservation and the maintenance of ecosystem service delivery is a challenge, particularly in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Our research investigates how livelihood strategy and ethnicity affects local perceptions of forest ecosystem services. We collected data through 25 focus-group discussions in villages from distinct ethnic groups, including farmers (Tembo, Shi, and Nyindu) and hunter-gatherers (Twa). Twa identify more food-provisioning services and rank bush meat and honey as the most important. They also show stronger place attachment to the forest than the farmers, who value other ecosystem services, but all rank microclimate regulation as the most important. Our findings help assess ecosystem services trade-offs, highlight the important impacts of restricted access to forests resources for Twa, and point to the need for developing alternative livelihood strategies for these communities

Global maps of soil temperature

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world\u27s major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (−0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications