Characterization of immune receptor-cognate ligands expression and signalling pathways in human intestinal myofibroblasts

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Γναθοπροσωπικό τραύμα σε περιστατικά πολλαπλών απωλειών υγείας

Ως περιστατικά πολλαπλών απωλειών υγείας, χαρακτηρίζονται εκείνες οι καταστάσεις στις οποίες ο αριθμός των τραυματιών υπερβαίνει τους πόρους του τοπικού συστήματος υγειονομικής περίθαλψης σε τέτοιον βαθμό, ώστε η περίθαλψη να μην είναι πλέον διαθέσιμη ή να είναι περιορισμένη μόνο για έναν μικρό αριθμό των θυμάτων. Σήμερα, το γναθοπροσωπικό τραύμα αποτελεί μία από τις κύριες αιτίες επίσκεψης στο τμήμα επειγόντων περιστατικών, με τα ποσοστά των κακώσεων αυτών σε περιστατικά πολλαπλών απωλειών υγείας να φθάνουν έως και το 40%. Ο σκοπός της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι η παρουσίαση της επιδημιολογίας του γναθοπροσωπικού τραύματος σε περιστατικά πολλαπλών απωλειών υγείας, καθώς και της περαιτέρω ανάγκης για αντιμετώπισή τους από την ομάδα των στοματικών και γναθοπροσωπικών χειρουργών. Το βασικό συμπέρασμα από την μελέτη της σύγχρονης διεθνούς βιβλιογραφίας είναι ότι το είδος των τραυμάτων που θα πρέπει να αντιμετωπιστούν άμεσα μετά από ανάλογα περιστατικά, καθιστά απαραίτητη την ενσωμάτωση του τμήματος της στοματικής και γναθοπροσωπικής χειρουργικής στις μονάδες, οι οποίες θα κληθούν να τα αντιμετωπίσουν και μάλιστα σε διευρυμένο ρόλο.Multiple casualty incidents concern emergency situations where the number of injured victims exceeds the resources of the local health care system, to such an extent that medical care is no longer available or is limited to a small number of victims. Today, maxillofacial trauma is one of the leading causes of admission to the emergency department and in cases of multiple healthcare losses can reach up to 40%. The purpose of the present dissertation is to present the epidemiology of maxillofacial trauma in cases of multiple casualty incidents, as well as the need of their treatment by a dedicated team of oral and maxillofacial surgeons. The main conclusion of the present study, which derives from the current literature, is that the type of injuries, which should be treated immediately after such incidents, makes it necessary to integrate the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, in an expanded role, in the teams that will be requested to treat those patients

The Chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 Differentially Stimulate Gαi-Independent Signaling and Actin Responses in Human Intestinal Myofibroblasts.

Intestinal myofibroblasts have been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory conditions such as Crohn’s disease via interactions with an elaborate network of cytokines, growth factors, and other inflammatory mediators. CXCR3 is a Gαi protein-coupled receptor that binds the proinflammatory chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11, which are released from the intestinal epithelium. The three CXCR3 ligands shared the ability to activate biochemical (e.g., PI3K and MAPK activation) and functional events (actin reorganization) in intestinal myofibroblasts. However, CXCL11 is unique in its ability to elevate intracellular calcium. Surprisingly, although CXCR3 mRNA is detectable in these myofibroblasts, there is no detectable surface expression of CXCR3. Furthermore, the biochemical responses and actin reorganization stimulated by the CXCR3 ligands in intestinal myofibroblasts are insensitive to the Gαi inhibitor, pertussis toxin. This suggests either the existence of differential receptor coupling mechanisms in myofibroblasts for CXCR3 that are distinct from those observed in PBLs and/or that these cells express a modified or variant CXCR3 compared with the CXCR3 expressed on PBLs

Diagnostic challenges in a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the maxilla presenting as exposed necrotic bone

Lymphoma is the second most common malignancy in the head and neck area, affecting both nodal and extranodal sites, including oral soft and hard tissues, usually in the form of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). However, lymphomas of the jaws, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common type of NHL, are very rare and may cause significant diagnostic challenges resembling common jaw pathologies, such as periapical lesions, osteomyelitis and osteonecrosis. The aim of this paper is to present a rare case of DLBCL in an 84-years-old diabetic male patient on methylprednisolone treatment for autoimmune hemolytic anemia. The lesion appeared clinically as exposed necrotic bone of the maxilla with surrounding soft tissue ulceration and radiographically as an extensive osteolytic lesion with ill-defined borders. Despite the resemblance of the lesion with osteonecrosis or osteomyelitis that could be theoretically related to diabetes and/or systemic use of corticosteroids, histopathologic examination, necessitating a repeat biopsy in order to acquire sufficient tissue, revealed the final diagnosis of lymphoma. The need for increased clinical awareness and vigilance of this possible diagnostic conundrum is emphasized. Key words:Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, exposed bone, oral, malignancy, maxilla, jaw osteonecrosis, differential diagnosis

Risk-benefit in food safety and nutrition – Outcome of the 2019 Parma Summer School

International audienceRisk-benefit assessment is the comparison of the risk of a situation to its related benefits, i.e. a comparison of scenarios estimating the overall health impact. The risk-benefit analysis paradigm mirrors the classical risk analysis one: risk-benefit assessment goes hand-in-hand with risk-benefit management and risk-benefit communication. The various health effects associated with food consumption, together with the increasing demand for advice on healthy and safe diets, have led to the development of different research disciplines in food safety and nutrition. In this sense, there is a clear need for a holistic approach, including and comparing all of the relevant health risks and benefits. The risk-benefit assessment of foods is a valuable approach to estimate the overall impact of food on health. It aims to assess together the negative and positive health effects associated with food intake by integrating chemical and microbiological risk assessment with risk and benefit assessment in food safety and nutrition. The 2019 Parma Summer School on risk-benefit in food safety and nutrition had the objective was to provide an opportunity to learn from experts in the field of risk-benefit approach in food safety and nutrition, including theory, case studies, and communication of risk-benefit assessments plus identify challenges for the future. It was evident that whereas tools and approaches have been developed, more and more case studies have been performed which can form an inherent validation of the risk-benefit approach. Executed risk-benefit assessment case studies apply the steps and characteristics developed: a problem formulation (with at least 2 scenarios), a tiered approach until a decision can be made, one common currency to describe both beneficial and adverse effects (DALYs in most instances). It was concluded that risk-benefit assessment in food safety and nutrition is gaining more and more momentum, while also many challenges remain for the future. Risk-benefit is on the verge of really enrolling into the risk assessment and risk analysis paradigm. The interaction between risk-benefit assessors and risk-benefit managers is pivotal in this, as is the interaction with risk-benefit communicators