Dynamics of Bone Trap-5b Level in Patients with Bone Metastases of Renal Cell Cancer at Combined Treatment

The objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (Bone TRAP-5b) for early detection of bone metastases (BM) and to investigate the efficacy of bisphosphonates (BF) (zolendronic acid-ZA) in prevention of bone metastases in patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC). The 60 patients with RCC with proven BM were investigated to assess the sensitivity and specificity of Bone TRAP-5b. 95 patients with RCC with high level of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (Bone TRAP-5b) (8,5±0,2 IU/L) after radical surgical treatment were divided into two groups: 1-st group: (n=44) received zolendronic acid (ZA) (BF +), and 2-nd group (n=51) patients didn\u27t receive ZA (BF-). Patients of both subgroups were similar by age, sex, stage of disease. The levels of Bone TRAP-5b, Ca++, alkaline phosphatase, LDG were accessed every 3 months, and MRI imaging, bone scan with 99mTc every 6 month in both groups. We determined the high correlation between bone TRAP-5b and the presence of bone metastases (r=0,9; p <0,05), but its level wasn\u27t dependent with the number of BM. The results showed the high sensitivity and specificity of Bone TRAP-5b at the critical value of 5.2 IU/L (98,3 % and 90,0 %), (χ2=64,6; p<0.01). Using BF for the prevention of bone metastases in high risk group patients with RCC provides a significant difference in the incidence of bone metastases in patients

RESULTS OF INVESTIGATIONS OF THERMAL RESISTIBILITY OF PROTOTYPES OF ALUMINUM ALLOY PANELS OF FUEL TANK OF AIRPLANE TO DIRECT ACTION OF NORMALIZED COMPONENTS OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHTNING CURRENT

Purpose. Implementation of calculation-experimental determination of thermal resistibility of walls of aluminum alloy panels of different thickness of fuel tank of the airplane designed in Ukraine to direct action on them of normalized components of current of artificial lightning. Methodology. Theoretical bases of thermophysics, bases of theoretical electrophysics, bases of measuring technique, electrophysics bases of technique of high-voltage and large pulsed currents. Results. The results of calculation-experimental investigations of thermal resistibility of prototypes with the necessary sheeting flat rectangular panels of fuel tank of the designed airplane are resulted measuring 550 mm ´ 800 mm and from 1.2 to 4 mm thick of aluminum alloy B95 is easily soiled to direct action on them in obedience to the operating requirements of normative documents of the USA SAE ARP 5412 and SAE ARP 5416 of A-, B- and C*- component of current of artificial lightning (1А area), and also D-, B- and C*- components of current of artificial lightning (2А area) with the normalized amplitude-temporal parameters (ATPs). It is determined that the tested panels of fuel tank of airplane in 1.2 mm, 1.5 mm and 1.8 mm thick for an area of 1А and 1.2 mm and 1.5 mm thick for an area of 2А are thermally unstable to the direct shots in them of plasma channel of a storm discharge imitated in laboratory terms with the indicated components of current of artificial lightning. It is shown that thermal resistibility to lightning of the tested panels of fuel tank of airplane is determined of ATP shortened protracted C*- components of current of artificial lightning, causing appearance in them of the rounded small holes of melting the radius of rk and depth of hk. For finding by a calculation by the sizes of rk and hk in the indicated panels of fuel tank of airplane, struck in an air atmosphere a direct blow in them the imitated storm discharge, the proper close correlations are recommended. The capacity of these calculation correlations is confirmed results executed by the powerful high-voltage generator of impulsive current of artificial lightning of type of UITOM-1 of model experiments created in Ukraine. Originality. The calculation and experimental estimations of thermal resistibility of flat duralumin panels of fuel tank of the airplane designed in Ukraine are first executed to the direct action on them for the areas of 1А and of 2А of plasma channel of the imitated storm discharge with the normalized indicated documents of ATP flows on it (to the channel) A (D)-, B- and C*- components of current of artificial lightning. Practical value. Taking into account the executed calculation-experimental investigations a practical conclusion is done that for prevention in the case of direct blow in the being in an air atmosphere airplane of plasma channel of lightning with normalized ATPs indicated components of its pulsed current of self-ignition of fuel steams in the examined duralumin tank of the designed airplane and its catastrophe the thickness of wall of an aluminum alloy B95 of this tank with the proper sheeting must make no less than 1.8 mm for the area of 2A and no less than 2 mm for the area of 1A

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ ТЕРМИЧЕСКОЙ СТОЙКОСТИ ОПЫТНЫХ ОБРАЗЦОВ ПАНЕЛЕЙ ИЗ АЛЮМИНИЕВОГО СПЛАВА ТОПЛИВНОГО БАКА САМОЛЕТА К ПРЯМОМУ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЮ НОРМИРОВАННЫХ КОМПОНЕНТ ТОКА ИСКУССТВЕННОЙ МОЛНИИ

Purpose. Implementation of calculation-experimental determination of thermal resistibility of walls of aluminum alloy panels of different thickness of fuel tank of the airplane designed in Ukraine to direct action on them of normalized components of current of artificial lightning. Methodology. Theoretical bases of thermophysics, bases of theoretical electrophysics, bases of measuring technique, electrophysics bases of technique of high-voltage and large pulsed currents. Results. The results of calculation-experimental investigations of thermal resistibility of prototypes with the necessary sheeting flat rectangular panels of fuel tank of the designed airplane are resulted measuring 550 mm ´ 800 mm and from 1.2 to 4 mm thick of aluminum alloy B95 is easily soiled to direct action on them in obedience to the operating requirements of normative documents of the USA SAE ARP 5412 and SAE ARP 5416 of A-, B- and C*- component of current of artificial lightning (1А area), and also D-, B- and C*- components of current of artificial lightning (2А area) with the normalized amplitude-temporal parameters (ATPs). It is determined that the tested panels of fuel tank of airplane in 1.2 mm, 1.5 mm and 1.8 mm thick for an area of 1А and 1.2 mm and 1.5 mm thick for an area of 2А are thermally unstable to the direct shots in them of plasma channel of a storm discharge imitated in laboratory terms with the indicated components of current of artificial lightning. It is shown that thermal resistibility to lightning of the tested panels of fuel tank of airplane is determined of ATP shortened protracted C*- components of current of artificial lightning, causing appearance in them of the rounded small holes of melting the radius of rk and depth of hk. For finding by a calculation by the sizes of rk and hk in the indicated panels of fuel tank of airplane, struck in an air atmosphere a direct blow in them the imitated storm discharge, the proper close correlations are recommended. The capacity of these calculation correlations is confirmed results executed by the powerful high-voltage generator of impulsive current of artificial lightning of type of UITOM-1 of model experiments created in Ukraine. Originality. The calculation and experimental estimations of thermal resistibility of flat duralumin panels of fuel tank of the airplane designed in Ukraine are first executed to the direct action on them for the areas of 1А and of 2А of plasma channel of the imitated storm discharge with the normalized indicated documents of ATP flows on it (to the channel) A (D)-, B- and C*- components of current of artificial lightning. Practical value. Taking into account the executed calculation-experimental investigations a practical conclusion is done that for prevention in the case of direct blow in the being in an air atmosphere airplane of plasma channel of lightning with normalized ATPs indicated components of its pulsed current of self-ignition of fuel steams in the examined duralumin tank of the designed airplane and its catastrophe the thickness of wall of an aluminum alloy B95 of this tank with the proper sheeting must make no less than 1.8 mm for the area of 2A and no less than 2 mm for the area of 1A.Приведены результаты исследований термической стойкости изготовленных в заводских условиях с необходимыми защитными покрытиями испытательных образцов (ИО) размером 550 мм ´ 800 мм и толщиной от 1,2 до 4 мм плоских панелей из высокопрочного алюминиевого сплава марки В95 топливного бака разрабатываемого отечественного самолета к прямому воздействию на них для зон 1А и 2А нормированных по требованиям нормативных документов США SAE ARP 5412 и SAE ARP 5416 А (D)-, В- и С*- компонент тока искусственной молнии. Показано, что указанные ИО панелей топливного бака самолета толщиной 1,2 мм, 1,5 мм и 1,8 мм для зоны 1А и толщиной 1,2 мм и 1,5 мм для зоны 2А не удовлетворяют требованиям термической стойкости к прямому действию на них используемых компонент тока искусственной молнии с нормированными амплитудно-временными параметрами (АВП). Расчетно-экспериментальным путем с применением капиллярного контроля установлено, что для зон 1А и 2А прямое действие соответствующих компонент тока искусственной молнии с нормированными АВП на ИО панелей топливного бака самолета указанной толщины приводит к их сквозному проплавлению, способному вызвать взрыв топливных паров в рассматриваемом баке самолета и его катастрофу.

A new, purely photometric method for determination of resonance locations in spiral galaxies

The knowledge of the positions of the corotation resonance in spiral arms is a key way to estimate their pattern speed, which is a fundamental parameter determining the galaxy dynamics. Various methods for its estimation have been developed, but they all demonstrate certain limitations and a lack of agreement with each other. Here, we present a new method for estimating the corotation radius. This method takes into account the shape of the profile across the arm and its width and, thus, only photometric data is needed. The significance of the method is that it can potentially be used for the farthest galaxies with measurable spiral arms. We apply it to a sample of local galaxies from Savchenko et al. and compare the obtained corotation radii with those previously measured in the literature by other methods. Our results are in good agreement with the literature. We also apply the new method to distant galaxies from the COSMOS field. For the first time, corotation locations for galaxies with photometric redshifts up to $z\sim0.9$ are measured.Comment: accepted in MNRAS Letter

Type VI secretion system mutations reduced competitive fitness of classical Vibrio cholerae biotype

The gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of the diarrhoeal disease cholera and is responsible for seven recorded pandemics. Several factors are postulated to have led to the decline of 6th pandemic classical strains and the rise of El Tor biotype V. cholerae, establishing the current 7th pandemic. We investigated the ability of classical V. cholerae of the 2nd and 6th pandemics to engage their type six secretion system (T6SS) in microbial competition against non-pandemic and 7th pandemic strains. We report that classical V. cholerae underwent sequential mutations in T6SS genetic determinants that initially exposed 2nd pandemic strains to microbial attack by non-pandemic strains and subsequently caused 6th pandemic strains to become vulnerable to El Tor biotype V. cholerae intraspecific competition. The chronology of these T6SS-debilitating mutations agrees with the decline of 6th pandemic classical strains and the emergence of 7th pandemic El Tor V. cholerae

Analysis of Co-Rotation Radii of Spiral Arms in Galaxies

Радиус коротации — важная характеристика дисковых галактик с хорошо развитым спиральным узором. Для его определения имеется несколько методов, но согласуются ли они между собой? В данной работе собраны и проанализированы результаты по 549 галактикам, из которых для 313 было найдено хотя бы два значения радиуса коротации. Оказалось, что в большинстве случаев положения радиусов коротации слабо согласуются. Ошибка определения растет в зависимости от расстояния до последней измеренной точки и покрывает в среднем около трети галактического диска. Ошибка не зависит от расстояния до галактики, ее морфологического типа и типа спирального узора, что, возможно, связано с доминированием транзиентных спиральных рукавов в галактиках.A co-rotation radius is an important characteristic of disk galaxies with a well-defined spiral pattern. There are plenty of methods of its determination. But have those measurements met any agreement? In this work, the database of co-rotation radii for 549 galaxies was collected, and 313 of them have at least two values measured. The initial analysis revealed that radii are not consistent for most objects. Thus, a total error budget increases with the distance to the farthest measured co-rotation radii, and covers on average about a third part of the galactic disc. There is no dependence on distance, morphological and spiral types detected. Obtained results indicate that the transient mechanism may be dominant for the formation of spiral arms

Models of the SL9 Impacts II. Radiative-hydrodynamic Modeling of the Plume Splashback

We model the plume "splashback" phase of the SL9 collisions with Jupiter using the ZEUS-3D hydrodynamic code. We modified the Zeus code to include gray radiative transport, and we present validation tests. We couple the infalling mass and momentum fluxes of SL9 plume material (from paper I) to a jovian atmospheric model. A strong and complex shock structure results. The modeled shock temperatures agree well with observations, and the structure and evolution of the modeled shocks account for the appearance of high excitation molecular line emission after the peak of the continuum light curve. The splashback region cools by radial expansion as well as by radiation. The morphology of our synthetic continuum light curves agree with observations over a broad wavelength range (0.9 to 12 microns). A feature of our ballistic plume is a shell of mass at the highest velocities, which we term the "vanguard". Portions of the vanguard ejected on shallow trajectories produce a lateral shock front, whose initial expansion accounts for the "third precursors" seen in the 2-micron light curves of the larger impacts, and for hot methane emission at early times. Continued propagation of this lateral shock approximately reproduces the radii, propagation speed, and centroid positions of the large rings observed at 3-4 microns by McGregor et al. The portion of the vanguard ejected closer to the vertical falls back with high z-component velocities just after maximum light, producing CO emission and the "flare" seen at 0.9 microns. The model also produces secondary maxima ("bounces") whose amplitudes and periods are in agreement with observations.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures (figs 3 and 4 in color), accepted for Ap.J. latex, version including full figures at: http://oobleck.tn.cornell.edu/jh/ast/papers/slplume2-20.ps.g

Корекція стану системи антиоксидантного захисту організму птиці за отруєння Дерозалом

In fact, Free radical oxidation is one of the required factors of homeostasis as far as the active forms of oxygen, which have unpaired electron, perform useful functions, they are necessary intermediaries of numerous processes of normal cells’ functioning such as biosynthesis of prostaglandins and leukotriene as well as other biologically active substances. Also, they take part in pathological processes such as: inflammation, fever and others. Free radical oxidation is the process of direct oxygen transferring to the substrate forming peroxide, ketones, aldehydes, etc. Some amino acids, proteins, water and carbohydrates prone to the processes of peroxidation, but crucial place is granted to lipids at the expanse of fatty acids which are included to their composition. The article highlights the information concerning the analysis of the state of antioxidant system of hens in the process of feeding them with subtoxic doses of fungicide of Derosal (BAYER, Germany) (0.1 LD50 for a fowl, 900 mg/kg of the body mass) which active ingredient is benzimidazole carbamate (carbendazim, BMC). It presents the changes of these indicators in the process of using pharmacological and natural antioxidants. The analysis has figured out that giving Derosal to the hens without corrections (II group) has been followed with the activation of the process of lipids’ peroxidation (POL) in the blood plasma, that is followed with the increase of concentration of primary and secondary lipoperoxidation products – diene conjugates (DC) and TBA-active products on the average up to 21.0–25.0 %, catalase activity – up to 38.5 % and decrease of superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) up to 21.8 % and АОА – up to 17.8 %, that shows the adverse effects of pesticides on the system of antioxidant protection of the organism. In the fowls’ groups III, IV and V the adding of antioxidant E-selenium, ascorbic acid and thermally untreated buckwheat seeds as the source of  quercetins and anthocyanins has led to the induction of antioxidant resources that is shown by the decrease in comparison with the control of content of diene conjugates, malonic dialdehyde and catalase (in average up to 13.6–33.6–18.0 % accordingly) and compensatory strengthening of superoxide dismutase activity and general activity of antioxidant (АОА) on the average up to 44.9–72.1–76.5 % and 15.3–13.4–21.7 % accordingly. In comparison with group II the activity of catalase has been lower as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase has been higher in all the groups almost in 1.5–2 times (Р ≤ 0.001).Вільнорадикальне окиснення в нормі є одним із необхідних факторів гомеостазу, оскільки активні форми кисню, що мають неспарений електрон, виконують корисні функції, вони є необхідними посередниками багатьох процесів нормального функціонування клітин, таких як біосинтез простагландинів, лейкотрієнів та інших біологічно активних речовин, а також беруть участь у патологічних процесах, таких як запалення, гарячка та ін. ВРО є процесом безпосереднього переносу кисню на субстрат з утворенням перекисів, кетонів, альдегідів тощо. До процесів пероксидного окиснення схильні деякі амінокислоти, білки, вода, вуглеводи, але в організмі вирішальне значення мають ліпіди за рахунок ненасичених жирних кислот, що входять до їх складу. У статті наведені дані щодо дослідження стану антиоксидантної системи курей за згодовування їм субтоксичних доз фунгіциду Дерозалу (BAYER, Німеччина) (0,1 ЛД50 для птиці, 900 мг/кг маси тіла), активним інгредієнтом якого є бензімідазолкарбамат (карбендазим, БМК), а також зміни цих показників за застосування фармакологічних та натуральних антиоксидантів. Дослідженнями встановлено, що задавання курям Дерозалу без коректантів (II група) супроводжувалось активацією в плазмі крові процесів пероксидного окиснення ліпідів (ПОЛ) з підвищенням концентрації первинних і кінцевих продуктів ліпопероксидації – дієнових кон’югатів (ДК) і ТБК-активних продуктів у середньому на 21,0–25,0 %, активності каталази – на 38,5% та зниженням активності супероксиддисмутази (СОД) на 21,8 % і АОА – на 17,8 %, що свідчить про несприятливий вплив пестициду на систему антиоксидантного захисту організму. У III, IV і V групах птиці додавання антиоксидантів Е-селену, аскорбінової кислоти і термічно необробленого насіння гречки як джерела кверцетину і антоціанів приводило до індукції антиокиснювальних ресурсів, про що свідчить зниження порівняно з контролем вмісту дієнових кон’югатів, ТБК-активних продуктів та активності каталази (у середньому на 13,6–33,6–18,0 % відповідно) та компенсаторне підсилення активності супероксиддисмутази і загальної антиоксидантної активності (АОА) у середньому на 44,9–72,1–76,5 % та 15,3–13,4–21,7 % відповідно. Порівняно з показниками ІІ групи активність каталази була нижчою, а активність СОД – вищою в усіх групах майже у 1,5–2 рази (Р ≤ 0,001)

Observation of an Excited Bc+ State

Using pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 8.5 fb-1 recorded by the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of s=7, 8, and 13 TeV, the observation of an excited Bc+ state in the Bc+π+π- invariant-mass spectrum is reported. The observed peak has a mass of 6841.2±0.6(stat)±0.1(syst)±0.8(Bc+) MeV/c2, where the last uncertainty is due to the limited knowledge of the Bc+ mass. It is consistent with expectations of the Bc∗(2S31)+ state reconstructed without the low-energy photon from the Bc∗(1S31)+→Bc+γ decay following Bc∗(2S31)+→Bc∗(1S31)+π+π-. A second state is seen with a global (local) statistical significance of 2.2σ (3.2σ) and a mass of 6872.1±1.3(stat)±0.1(syst)±0.8(Bc+) MeV/c2, and is consistent with the Bc(2S10)+ state. These mass measurements are the most precise to date

Подход к оценке эффективности человеко-машинного взаимодействия в современных графических оболочках

A system to test multi-window interface efficiency is proposed targeted at evaluating interaction changes introduced in contemporary GUI shells. System includes heart rate monitor and EEG scanner. Set of evaluated parameters, registered by the developed software while providing user with typical tasks to execute, includes speed of execution, error tolerance and intensity of the operator’s work