Applicability of EU(7)-PIM criteria in cross-national studies in European countries

[Abstract] Background: The European Union (EU)(7)-PIM (potentially inappropriate medication) list presents the most comprehensive and up-to-date tool for evaluation of PIM prescribing in Europe; however, several country-specific studies have documented lower specificity of this list on pharmaceutical markets of some countries. The aim of our study was to describe approval rates and marketing of PIMs stated by EU(7)-PIM criteria in six EU countries [in comparison with the American Geriatric Society (AGS) Beers 2015 criteria]. Methods: Research teams of six EU countries (Czech Republic, Spain, Portugal, Serbia, Hungary and Turkey) participated in this study conducted by WG1b EU COST Action IS1402 group in the period October 2015–November 2018. Data on approval rates of PIMs and their availability on pharmaceutical markets have been obtained from databases of national drugregulatory institutes and up-to-date drug compendia. The EU(7)-PIM list and AGS Beers 2015 Criteria (Section 1) were applied. Results: PIMs from EU(7)-PIM list were approved for clinical use more often than those from the AGS Beers 2015 criteria (Section 1). Approval rates for EU(7)-PIMs ranged from 42.8% in Serbia to 71.4% in Spain (for AGS criteria only from 36.4% to 65.1%, respectively). Higher percentages of approved PIMs were documented in Spain (71.4%), Portugal (67.1%) and Turkey (67.5%), lower in Hungary (55.5%), Czech Republic (50.2%) and Serbia (42.8%). The majority of approved PIMs were also currently marketed in all countries except in Turkey (19.8–21.7% not marketed PIMs) and less than 20% of PIMs were available as over-thecounter medications (except in Turkey, 46.4–48.1%). Conclusions: The EU(7)-PIM list was created for utilization in European studies; however, applicability of this list is still limited in some countries, particularly in Eastern and Central Europe. The EU project EUROAGEISM H2020 (2017–2021) that focuses on PIM prescribing and regulatory measures in Central and Eastern European countries must consider these limits.European Commision; project INOMED CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/18_069/001004

Analysis of Selected Determinants of Drug Policy in the Czech Republic

Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy Candidate Mgr. Jan Kostriba Supervisor prof. RNDr. Jiri Vlcek, CSc. Title of Doctoral Thesis Analysis of Selected Determinants of Drug Policy in the Czech Republic Introduction: Drug policy as part of health policy is an important factor affecting the efficiency of the health care system. Interest for the government is to realize the consump- tion of drugs in quantities which seeks to optimize the health of the patients. It should be avoided wasting drugs (high consumption of drugs) and deterioration of the health status of the population as a result of inadequate or obsolete treatment (low consumption of medicines). The aim of drug policy is to ensure safe, effective and quality medicines and to ensure optimal and accessible health care to people when required using limited funds. Objectives: The main purpose of this thesis was to analyze the selected determinants of drug policy in the Czech Republic. Attention was especially focused on analyzing the relationships between drug policy, consumption of medicines and health services and the behavior of individuals within the health care system. Other aim of the thesis was to ana- lyze the attitudes and opinions of Czech citizens on selected..

Explant cultures of Higher plants 27

Kostřiba J.: In vitro cultures of higher plants XXVII. Diploma Paper, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, 2007, p. 61 The work aimed at biotransformation of exogenous precursors of arbutin with in vitro cultures of Centella asiatica (L.). The precursors of arbutin were added into the medium (hydroquinone, tyrosine, p-coumaric acid, hydroxybenzoic acid). The precursors were used in a concentration of 200 mg/l and the period of their action was 6, 12, 24, 48 and 168 hours (1 week). The cultivation of calluses was created by two different ways - by suspension culture and by culture cultivated on the filter-paper bridge. The cultivation was prosecuted on the light. Positive results (both TLC and HPLC analysis) in arbutin production were obtained in all suspension cultures after an addition of hydroquinone. The largest amount of arbutin in callus cultures was measured after a 48 hours cultivation (0,043 %). After a 168 hours cultivation was amount of arbutin only 0,038 %. In this experimental variant arbutin was also released into the medium (0,096 %). Biotransformation experiments with the others precursors of arbutin were not successful. The way of cultivation by the filter-paper bridges was also unsuccessful

Explant cultures of Higher plants 27

Kostřiba J.: In vitro cultures of higher plants XXVII. Diploma Paper, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, 2007, p. 61 The work aimed at biotransformation of exogenous precursors of arbutin with in vitro cultures of Centella asiatica (L.). The precursors of arbutin were added into the medium (hydroquinone, tyrosine, p-coumaric acid, hydroxybenzoic acid). The precursors were used in a concentration of 200 mg/l and the period of their action was 6, 12, 24, 48 and 168 hours (1 week). The cultivation of calluses was created by two different ways - by suspension culture and by culture cultivated on the filter-paper bridge. The cultivation was prosecuted on the light. Positive results (both TLC and HPLC analysis) in arbutin production were obtained in all suspension cultures after an addition of hydroquinone. The largest amount of arbutin in callus cultures was measured after a 48 hours cultivation (0,043 %). After a 168 hours cultivation was amount of arbutin only 0,038 %. In this experimental variant arbutin was also released into the medium (0,096 %). Biotransformation experiments with the others precursors of arbutin were not successful. The way of cultivation by the filter-paper bridges was also unsuccessful

Applicability of EU(7)-PIM criteria in cross-national studies in European countries. Therapeutic Advances in Drugs Safety. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1177/2042098619854014

The EU project EUROAGEISM H2020 (2017–2021), ESR7 project, focuses on prescribing of high-risk medications in older adults (so called PIMs, potentially inappropriate medications) and regulatory measures related to these medications, particularly in European countries. The EU7-PIM (potentially inappropriate medication) criteria presents the most comprehensive and up-to-date list of high-risk medications in older adults utilized in research in Europe. However, several country-specific studies documented differences in approval rates of high-risk medications for geriatric patients and different regulatory measures across EU countries. This scientific article describes the differences between 6 European countries (Czech Republic, Spain, Portugal, Turkey, Hungary and Republic of Serbia) in approval rates and marketing of high-risk medications in older adults using the EU(7)-PIM criteria in comparison to the most known and most utilized American Geriatric Society (AGS) Beers 2015 PIM criteria.article in the foreign journal with the I