Synthesis and Scaling up of Fe3+ by Sol-gel Method Doped on Ceramic Foam for Decolorization of Reactive Red Dyeing Wastewater

Wastewater from the Batik textile industry contains large amounts of dyestuff together with significant amounts of suspended solids (SS), dispersing agents, salts and trace amounts of metals. Since this can lead to severe environmental problems, proper wastewater treatment processes are essential. The synthesis of Fe3+ by sol-gel method doped on a ceramic foam for reactive red and disperse dyes removal from synthetic dye wastewater. In this research, the effect of color concentration, amount of catalyst and volumetric flow rates for industrial scale were studied. The Fe3+ catalyst was prepared by sol-gel method in which 3M of FeCl3 was used as a precursor. The synthesized catalyst was characterized by the EDX spectrum from an X-ray spectrometer. The surface morphology of the catalyst was investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). To determine optimum operating conditions for catalytic testing, variations of disperse and reactive red concentrations (10 to 200 mg L-1) were used. The results indicated that the highest color removal efficiency (up to 96%) was observed when using Fe3+ catalyst; 4 pieces per liter of solution, and initial pH of 6.0. These conditions were then scaled up for a continuous packed bed column study. It was found that the optimal operating conditions obtained from the mathematical model for reactive red wastewater were: concentration of reactive red in the synthetic wastewater 20 to 80 mg L-1; amounts of catalyst 432.5 to 1,730 mg and volumetric flow rates of wastewater 20 to 200 mL min-1. Up to 84.85% of color removal efficiency was achieved

Dimethyl Carbonate Production by rea Transesterification, Process Simulation and Environmental Assessment

International audienceEvaluation of the environmental sustainability to synthesize dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from the urea transesterification with methanol is carried out by using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology for the first time. Foreground data for LCA analysis are supplied by simulation results using ProSimPlus (R). The LCA is modelled with SimaPro, and Ecoinvent database provides background data. LCA results show that the urea production has the main impact in 10/11 impact categories whereas the ionizing radiation is mainly influenced by downstream separation. Finally, the urea route shows better results than the oxidative carbonylation of methanol