Analyze of Domestic Price Incentives for Rice Production in MALI

In Mali, rice is the subject of particular attention in terms of public policies. The authorities encourage its production to provide income for producers, for domestic consumption and for a net exporting country. However, local rice remains highly competitive with imported rice.In addition, food insecurity across the country is a major developmental issue that threatens health, productivity and often the survival of the population. This study helps overcome developmental problems due to food insecurity, which necessarily begins with an accurate assessment of the factors that influence the production of staple foods, namely rice. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to analyze the factors influencing rice production in the country and to examine more closely the relationship between rice production and rice sold on the domestic market. The study used a linear logarithmic model with the amount of rice produced as a dependent variable and the price of domestic rice, imported rice, and rice import price.The results show that domestic rice is more expensive than imported rice per ton, supporting the argument that rice imports undermine domestic rice production as a viable income-generating activity. The self-sufficiency rate is 93%, with strong imports from Asia, especially from Thailand, and hardly any exports. However, in order to control price and still increase rice production, the government should be able to purchase the rice from the farmers and then sell them to private retailers to put projects in place for reduce barriers to the transmission of prices between international and domestic prices along the marketing routes: Development of the road network (feeder roads) markets and reduction of illegal controls, in particular. Keywords: Rice production; Domestic prices for rice; Food security; Incentives; MALI

Phytochimie des Extraits de Sida acuta et Evaluation de la Toxicite de l’Extrait Aqueux

Cette étude a pour but d’évaluer la toxicité de l’extrait aqueux de Sida acuta, une plante beaucoup utilisée en médecine traditionnelle par les populations ouest africaine et particulièrement ivoirienne. L’intérêt accordé à la dite étude est dû au besoin de garantir aux populations, une thérapie à base de plante sans risque de toxicité ou d’effet nocif. L’analyse de la phytochimie qualitative a été réalisée par la méthode de coloration en tubes et l’évaluation de la toxicité de l’extrait aqueux sur des souris blanches suivant la ligne Directrice 423 de l’OCDE, modifié en 2008. Les doses 300, 1000, 2000 et 5000 mg/kg de masse corporelle ont été administrées par gavage aux quatre lots expérimentaux. Seul le lot témoin a reçu de l’eau distillée. La phytochimie a révélé simultanément les stéroïdes et terpènes pour l’extrait aqueux et éthanolique 70% tandis que les alcaloïdes, polyphénols, et les flavonoïdes ont été révélés exclusivement dans l’extrait éthanolique 70%. La dose maximale de 5000 mg/kg de masse corporelle n’a enregistré aucun décès. Par conséquent, l’extrait aqueux de Sida acuta  reste sans danger à l’usage par voie orale en médecine traditionnelle.   This study aims to evaluate the toxicity of the aqueous extract of Sida acuta, a plant widely used in traditional medicine by West African and particularly Ivorian populations. The interest given to the said study is due to the need to guarantee populations a plant-based therapy without risk of toxicity or harmful effects. The qualitative phytochemical analysis was carried out by the tube staining method and the evaluation of the toxicity of the aqueous extract on white mice following OECD Guideline 423, modified in 2008. Doses 300, 1000, 2000 and 5000 mg/kg body weight were administered by gavage to the four experimental batches. Only the control batch received distilled water. Phytochemistry simultaneously revealed steroids and terpenes for aqueous and the 70% ethanolic extract while alkaloids, polyphenols, and flavonoids were revealed exclusively in the 70% ethanolic extract. The maximum dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight recorded no deaths. Therefore, the aqueous extract of Sida acuta remains safe for oral use in traditional medicine

Caractérisation Biochimique De La Pulpe des Fruits Du Prunier Noir (Vitex Doniana) De La Côte d’Ivoire

Black plum, the fruit of Vitex doniana, was harvested in three (3) regions belonging to different climatic zones in northern Côte d'Ivoire. Biochemical characteristics of the pulps were studied in order to highlight their nutritional potential and the variability of this composition according to study areas. From the conventional biochemical analyzes used, it appears that the fruit pulp is acidic and mostly made up of water. It is rich in sugars and has antioxidant power between 18.63 ± 0.02 and 35.54 ± 0.01 µg.mL -1. There is also the presence of polyphenols (166.67 ± 0.01 – 196.67 ± 0.01 mEq A.G./100g) and vitamin C (14.34 ± 0.02 – 15.05 ± 0.07 mg/100g). Ashes consist of minerals such as magnesium, potassium and calcium. The analysis of the variance showed that the mean of the parameters studied are significantly different from one region to the other, except the ash rate and vitamin C content. In view of its nutritional quality, black plum presents itself as an interesting fruit to be taken into account in the prevention of certain dietary imbalances and which can even intervene at low cost in the treatment of certain pathologies

Kyste colloïde obstructif du troisième ventricule avec hydrocéphalie aiguë : à propos d’un cas: Obstructive colloid cyst of the third ventricle with acute hydrocephalus: about a case

The obstructive colloid cyst of the third ventricle is a rare benign tumor and a neurosurgical emergency. It is at the origin of syndrome of intracranial hypertension or sudden death in case of obstruction of the foramen of Monro. The authors report a case of obstructive colloid cyst of the third ventricle discovered in the context of intracranial hypertension. Le kyste colloïde obstructif du troisième ventricule est une tumeur bénigne rare et constitue une urgence neurochirurgicale. Il peut être à l’origine du syndrome d’hypertension intracrânienne ou de mort subite en cas d’obstruction des foramens de Monro. Les auteurs rapportent un cas de kyste colloïde obstructif du troisième ventricule découvert dans un tableau d’hypertension intracrânienne

Mucocèle appendiculaire : A propos de deux observations: Appendicular mucocele: About two observations

The appendix mucocele is a rare pathology, which poses a double problem by its potential malignancy and the risk of peritoneal pseudo-myxoma in case of perforation. The authors report two cases of appendix mucocele in a 61-year-old man and a 58-year-old woman. We found incidentally in imaging an asymptomatic right renal tumor in one observation. La mucocèle appendiculaire est une pathologie rare, qui pose un double problème par sa malignité potentielle et le risque de pseudo-myxome péritonéal en cas de perforation. Les auteurs rapportent deux cas de mucocèle appendiculaire chez un homme de 61 ans et une femme de 58 ans. Il a été retrouvé de manière fortuite en imagerie une tumeur asymptomatique du rein droit dans une observation

Pouvoir antioxydant et teneurs en composés phénoliques de deux espèces du genre Albertisia: Albertisia cordifolia (Mangenot & J. Miège) Forman et Albertisia scandens (Mangenot & J. Miège) Forman (Menispermaceae)

Albertisia cordifolia and Albertisia scandens are medicinal plants of Menispermaceae family, used in traditional medicine in Côte d’Ivoire. Both species were evaluated in vitro for antioxidant activity and contents of total polyphenols, flavonoids and condensed tannins. In the present study, six extracts (aqueous, ethyl acetate and ethanolic) were prepared from the leaves of A. cordifolia and the whole plant of A. scandens. The antioxidant assays were performed using the DPPH free radical scavenging and FRAP tests. Total polyphenols, flavonoids and condensed tannins were determined by spectrophotocolorimetric method. The results revealed that the yields of extraction are between 4.69-12.27%. The percentages of DPPH inhibition European Scientific Journal October 2018 edition Vol.14, No.30 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431 129 were between 33.84 and 69.21% while ascorbic acid and trolox gave 93.66% and 59.77% respectively. The IC50 values ranged from 20 to 280 μg ml-1 for DPPH. The ethyl acetate extract of A. cordifolia was the most active (IC50 = 20 μg ml-1 ) compared to the other extracts and trolox (28 μg ml-1 ). The antioxidant capacities (DPPH) varied between 1.90 and 7.18 mg ET g -1MS. For FRAP, the extracts showed a dose-dependent activity with antioxidant capacities between 0.80 and 2.71 mg ET g -1MS. The best iron reducing powers were obtained for the aqueous extract of A. scandens (2.71 ± 0.59 mg ET g -1MS) and ethanolic extract of A. cordifolia. These results show that these two species may play a role in the prevention of oxidative stress related diseases

Endogenous Knowledge of the Attie People on AntiSchistosomiasis Medicinal Plants in the Adzope Health District, Côte d'Ivoire

Schistosomiasis or bilharziasis is a parasitic disease caused by flatworms or plathelminthes (bilharzias or schistosomes) that live in the venous vascular system. This disease is a major public health problem in countries located in the tropics and subtropics. The paper focuses on contributing to the eradication of schistosomiasis in Côte d'Ivoire by highlighting the endogenous knowledge of the Attie people on the medicinal plants used for the treatment of schistosomiasis in the Health District of Adzope. An ethnobotanical survey was conducted among traditional medicine practitioners (TMP) using a semi-structured interview associated with the show-and-tell technique. A total of 33 medicinal species have been listed. They are divided into 31 genus and 21 botanical families each with a predominance of Annonaceae, Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Fabaceae with three species. The most cited species are Combretum paniculatum (CF=14.79%) and Mareya micrantha (CF=10.56%). The leaves are the most used organs, and the decoction is the main mode of preparation of the recipes which are generally administered orally. The results of this study constitute a valuable database for further research in pharmacology and phytochemistry

Endogenous Knowledge of the Attie People on Antischistosomiasis Medicinal Plants in the Adzope Health District, Côte d'Ivoire

Schistosomiasis or bilharziasis is a parasitic disease caused by flatworms or plathelminthes: bilharzias or schistosomes that live in the venous vascular system. This disease is a major public health problem in countries located in the tropics and subtropics. The general objective of this work was to contribute to the eradication of schistosomiasis in Côte d'Ivoire by highlighting the endogenous knowledge of the Attie people on the medicinal plants used for the treatment of schistosomiasis in the Health District of Adzope. An ethnobotanical survey was conducted among practitioners of traditional medicine (TMP), using a semi-structured interview associated with the show-and-tell technique. A total of 33 medicinal species have been listed. They are divided into 31 genus and 21 botanical families with a predominance of Annonaceae, Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae and Fabaceae, each with three species. The most cited species are Combretum paniculatum (CF = 14.79%) and Mareya micrantha (CF = 10.56%). The leaves are the most used organs; the decoction is the main mode of preparation of the recipes which are generally administered orally. The results of this study constitute a valuable database for further research in pharmacology and phytochemistry

Endogenous Knowledge of the Attie People on Antischistosomiasis Medicinal Plants in the Adzope Health District, Côte d'Ivoire

Schistosomiasis or bilharziasis is a parasitic disease caused by flatworms or plathelminthes: bilharzias or schistosomes that live in the venous vascular system. This disease is a major public health problem in countries located in the tropics and subtropics. The general objective of this work was to contribute to the eradication of schistosomiasis in Côte d'Ivoire by highlighting the endogenous knowledge of the Attie people on the medicinal plants used for the treatment of schistosomiasis in the Health District of Adzope. An ethnobotanical survey was conducted among practitioners of traditional medicine (TMP), using a semi-structured interview associated with the show-and-tell technique. A total of 33 medicinal species have been listed. They are divided into 31 genus and 21 botanical families with a predominance of Annonaceae, Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae and Fabaceae, each with three species. The most cited species are Combretum paniculatum (CF = 14.79%) and Mareya micrantha (CF = 10.56%). The leaves are the most used organs; the decoction is the main mode of preparation of the recipes which are generally administered orally. The results of this study constitute a valuable database for further research in pharmacology and phytochemistry

Geographical and temporal distribution of human giardiasis in Ontario, Canada

BACKGROUND: Giardia is the most frequently identified intestinal parasite in North America. Although information on geographical distribution of giardiasis is critical in identifying communities at high risk, little has been done in this area. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the geographical and temporal distribution of human giardiasis in Ontario in order to identify possible high risk areas and seasons. Two spatial scales of analyses and two disease measures were used with a view to identifying the best of each in assessing geographical patterns of giardiasis in Ontario. Global Moran's I and Moran Local Indicators of Spatial Associations were used to test for evidence of global and local spatial clustering, respectively. RESULTS: There were seasonal patterns with summer peaks and a significant (P < 0.001) decreasing temporal trend. Significant (P < 0.05) global spatial clustering of high rates was observed at the Census Sub-division spatial scale but not at the Census Division scale. The Census Sub-division scale was a better scale of analyses but required spatial empirical Bayesian smoothing of the rates. A number of areas with significant local clustering of giardiasis rates were identified. CONCLUSIONS: The study identified spatial and temporal patterns in giardiasis distribution. This information is important in guiding decisions on disease control strategies. The study also showed that there is benefit in performing spatial analyses at more than one spatial scale to assess geographical patterns in disease distribution and that smoothing of disease rates for mapping in small areas enhances visualization of spatial patterns