Metabolomic approach to search for fungal resistant forms of <i>Aegilops tauschii</i> Coss. from the VIR collection

Broadening of the genetic diversity of donors of resistance to biotic environmental factors is a challenging problem concerning Triticum L., which can be solved by using wild relatives of wheat, in particular, Aegilops tauschii Coss., in breeding programs. This species, believed to be the donor of D genome of common wheat (T. aestivum L.), is a source of some traits important for breeding. This greatly facilitates the possibility of crossing Ae. tauschii with common wheat. Aegilops L. species are donors of effective genes for resistance to fungal diseases in wheat. For instance, genes that determine resistance to rust agents in common wheat were successfully introgressed from Ae. tauschii into the genome of T. aestivum L. The aim of our study was to identify differences in metabolomic profiles of Ae. tauschii forms (genotypes), resistant or susceptible to such fungal pathogens as Puccinia triticina f. sp. tritici and Erysiphegraminis f. sp. tritici.These indicators may be used as biochemical markers of resistance. A comparative analysis of groups of Ae. tauschii accessions showed that metabolomic profiles of the forms with or without resistance to fungal pathogens differed significantly in the contents of nonproteinogenic amino acids, polyols, phytosterols, acylglycerols, mono- and oligosaccharides, glycosides, phenolic compounds (hydroquinone, kempferol), etc. This fact was consistent with the previously obtained data on the relationship between Fusarium resistance in oats (Avenasativa L.) and certain components of the metabolomic profile, such as acylglycerols, nonproteinogenic amino acids, galactinol, etc. Thus, our studies once again confirmed the possibility and effectiveness of the use of metabolomic analysis for screening the genetic diversity of accessions in the VIR collection, of Ae. tauschii in particular, in order to identify forms with a set of compounds in their metabolomic profile, which characterize them as resistant. Ae. tauschii accessions with a high content of pipecolic acids, acylglycerols, galactinol, stigmasterol, glycerol, azelaic and pyrogallic acids, campesterol, hydroquinone, etc., can be used for creating wheat and triticale cultivars with high resistance to fungal pathogens causing powdery mildew, brown rust, and yellow rust

ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ТЕМПЕРАТУРНО-ВРЕМЕННЫХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ВЫРАЩИВАНИЯ МОНОКРИСТАЛЛОВ β-BaB2O4 МОДИФИЦИРОВАННЫМ МЕТОДОМ ЧОХРАЛЬСКОГО

The aim of this work is to find of the mechanism the determination of optimal temperature-time mode of crystallization during the whole process of β-BaB2O4 crystal growth by modified Czochralski method. The phase diagram of the BaB2O4-Na2O system in the temperature range of β-BaB2O4 crystal growing is taken as a basis. The regularities of the constant geometric size crystals growth depending on the crystal-forming oxides concentration, the drawing and cooling rates and the slope of liquidus were established. The described algorithm of calculation allows to choose an optimum time-temperature crystallization mode during the whole growth process.Работа направлена на определение механизма нахождения оптимального температурно-временного режима кристаллизации на протяжении всего процесса выращивания QUOTE β-Ba B 2 O 4 β-BaB2O4 модифицированным методом Чохральского. За основу берется фазовая диаграмма системы BaB2О4-Na2O в температурном диапазоне выращивания кристаллов β-BaB2O4. Установлены закономерности получения кристаллов постоянного геометрического размера в зависимости от концентрации кристаллобразующих окислов, наклона кривой ликвидуса, скоростей вытягивания и охлаждения. Приведенный алгоритм расчета позволяет выбирать оптимальный температурно-временной режим кристаллизации на протяжении всего процесса выращивания

ЛОКАЛЬНЫЕ И СИСТЕМНЫЕ ЭФФЕКТЫ ИМПЛАНТАТОВ ГИАЛУРОНОВОЙ КИСЛОТЫ ПРИ КОРРЕКЦИИ ВОЗРАСТНЫХ ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ КОЖИ

Local and system influence the Repleri gel implants on the base of hyaluronic acid used to correct age-related changes in skin has been studied. Human stromal stem cells with CD44 membrane receptor to hyaluronic acid migrates in vitro into gel structure and maturates morphologically in fibroblast-like forms stained positively with acid phosphatase. Repleri gels implantation in the group of women with local and system age-related changes in homeostasis has positive local effect connected with full deletion of nasolabial fold in facial skin. Repleri gels injection has been decreasing during 1 year the system indices of real biological age as compared with chronological (passport) one. Lipoproteins and aspartate aminotransferase concentrations diminished statistically in women blood. An effect revealed may be considered as potential way of anti-age therapy of not only skin but parenchymal organs. At the same time, a long-term control of homeostasis distant indices in women with serious changes in parenchymal organs is necessary after local Repleri gels injection because of organism’s hormonal reactions.Изучено локальное и системное влияние гелевых имплантатов Repleri на основе гиалуроновой кислоты, применяемой для коррекции возрастных изменений кожи. Стромальные стволовые клетки человека, несущие рецептор CD44 к гиалуроновой кислоте, мигрируют in vitro в структуру геля и морфологически созревают в фибробластоподобные формы, позитивно окрашивающиеся на кислую фосфатазу. Имплантация гелей Repleri в группе женщин с локальными и системными возрастными изменениями гомеостаза дает положительный местный эстетический эффект, связанный с полным сглаживанием носогубной складки кожи лица. Введение гелей Repleri в течение 1 года снижало системные показатели реального биологического возраста в сравнении с хронологическим (паспортным). В крови пациенток статистически значимо уменьшались концентрации липопротеинов и аспартатаминотрансферазы. Обнаруженный эффект можно рассматривать в качестве потенциального способа антивозрастной терапии не только кожи, но и паренхиматозных органов. В то же время в связи с гормональными реакциями организма после местного назначения гелей Repleri требуется длительный контроль системных показателей гомеостаза у женщин с серьезными изменениями внутренних органов

Первичная инвалидность вследствие глаукомы в Красноярском крае

PURPOSE. Assessment of the state of primary disability (PD) caused by glaucoma in the adult population of the Krasnoyarsk Region over time in the period from 2017 to 2021.METHODS. The information from the reporting documentation of the Bureaus of Medical and Social Expertise (MSE) of Russia and the Krasnoyarsk Region for 2017–2021 was analyzed. The analysis of primary disability indicators was carried out for two age groups of the adult population: individuals of working age (men aged 18–59; women aged 18–54) and individuals of retirement age (men aged 60 and older; women aged 55 and older). The obtained results were processed using the Statistica 10.0 software (StatSoft, USA).RESULTS. During 2017–2021 in the Krasnoyarsk Region, 1930 adults were recognized for the first time as disabled due to an ocular pathology. Glaucoma occupied the first ranking place — 31.0% (599) of cases in the structure of primary disability. Individuals of retirement age became disabled in 86.8% (520) of cases. Residents of the cities of the region became disabled in 69.1% (414) of cases. Males dominated among those who were recognized as disabled for the first time (RDF) due to glaucoma — 60.4% (362) of cases. The level of PD for glaucoma among the adult population of the region in 2017 was 0.52, in 2018 — 0.52, in 2019 — 0.59, in 2020 — 0.44, in 2021 — 0.57 per 10 thousand adult population. For five years, there was an increase in the level of PD due to glaucoma by 50% among the able-bodied urban population of the region, by 45.6% among senior citizens, by 110% among the able-bodied village population. In persons of retirement age living in rural areas of the region, the prevalence of PD decreased by 21.1%. The maximum values of the intensive indicator of PD were determined for men of retirement age: in 2017 — 3.6 per 10 thousand, in 2021 — 3.8 per 10 thousand of the corresponding population of the region. Formation of the contingent of disabled people occurred mainly due to the RDF of I and II disability groups. The proportion of group I disability was the largest — 40.4% (242/599) of cases. People with group I disability were more often treated with local antihypertensive drugs, were operated on at stage 3 of glaucoma.CONCLUSION. To reduce primary disability for glaucoma it is necessary to increase preventive efforts, timely use modern methods of diagnosis and treatment, including surgery, and ensure sufficient availability of ophthalmological personnel and high-tech equipment.ЦЕЛЬ. Оценка состояния первичной инвалидности (ПИ) вследствие глаукомы у взрослого населения Красноярского края в динамике за период с 2017 по 2021 гг.МЕТОДЫ. Проанализированы сведения из отчетной документации учреждений медико-социальной экспертизы России и Красноярского края за 2017–2021 годы. Анализ ПИ проведен по двум возрастным группам: гражданам трудоспособного возраста (мужчины 18–59 лет; женщины 18–54 лет) и гражданам пенсионного возраста (мужчины 60 лет и старше; женщины 55 лет и старше).РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. В 2017–2021 гг. в Красноярском крае впервые признаны инвалидами (ВПИ) вследствие патологии органа зрения 1930 человек в возрасте от 18 лет. В структуре ПИ глаукома занимала первое ранговое место — 31,0% (599) случаев. В 86,8% (520) случаев инвалидами становились граждане пенсионного возраста, в 69,1% (414) — жители городов края. Среди ВПИ преобладали мужчины — 60,4% (362) случаев. Уровень ПИ по глаукоме среди взрослого населения в 2017 году составлял 0,52, в 2018 году — 0,52, в 2019 году — 0,59, в 2020 году – 0,44, в 2021 году — 0,57 на 10 тыс. населения. За 5 лет произошло увеличение ПИ вследствие глаукомы на 50% среди трудоспособного городского населения, на 45,6% среди пенсионеров-горожан, на 110% среди трудоспособных жителей села. У лиц пенсионного возраста, проживающих в сельских территориях, ПИ снизилась на 21,1%. Максимальные значения интенсивного показателя ПИ определены у мужчин пенсионного возраста: в 2017 году — 3,6 на 10 тыс., в 2021 году — 3,8 на 10. тыс. соответствующего населения края. Формирование контингента инвалидов происходило преимущественно за счет ВПИ I и II групп. Доля ВПИ I группы была наибольшей — 40,4% (242/599) случаев. Инвалидов I группы отличала бо́льшая частота использования местной гипотензивной терапии и проведения гипотензивных операций при далеко зашедшей стадии заболевания на лучше видящем глазу.ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Вопросы, связанные с ПИ по глаукоме, диктуют необходимость усиления профилактики, своевременного использования современных методов диагностики и лечения больных глаукомой, в том числе хирургического. Это возможно при достаточной обеспеченности медицинских организаций первичного звена офтальмологическими кадрами и актуальным высокотехнологичным оборудованием

Hypertension control during the COVID-19 pandemic: results of the MMM2021 in Russia

Repetitive quarantines and social restrictions during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have negatively affected the population health in general, and the control of hypertension (HTN) in particular.Aim. To evaluate the control of HTN in the Russian population during the COVID-19 period based on the results of screening for HTN May Measurement Month 2021 (MMM2021).Material and methods. During May-August 2021, 2491 participants from 11 Russian regions took part in the screening. Participation was voluntary without restrictions on sex. All participants were over 18 years of age. During the screening, blood pressure (BP) was measured three times using automatic and mechanical BP monitors. In addition, a questionnaire was filled out on behavioral risk factors, comorbidities and therapy. HTN was diagnosed with systolic BP ≥140 mmHg and/ or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg and/or taking antihypertensive therapy. The questionnaire included questions about prior COVID-19, vaccinations and their impact on the intake of antihypertensive drugs.Results. The analysis included data from 2461 respondents aged 18 to 92, of which 963 were men (39,1%). The proportion of hypertensive patients was 41,0%, while among them 59,0% took antihypertensives and 30,9% were effectively treated. In comparison with pre-pandemic period according to MMM2018-2019, the higher proportion of HTN patients in the Russian sample was revealed during MMM2021 (41,0% vs 31,3%, p&lt;0,001) with a comparable proportion of patients receiving antihypertensive therapy (60,7% vs 59,0%, p=0,05) and treatment efficacy (28,7% vs 30,9%, p=0,36). Monotherapy was received in 44,7% of cases, while dual and triple combination therapy — in 30,9% and 14,1%, respectively. The majority of respondents (~90%) did not adjust their antihypertensive therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic.Conclusion. According to HTN screening in Russia, there is persistent ineffective control of HTN, which may be due to both the worsening pattern of behavioral risk factors, limited access to healthcare during COVID-19, and the inertia of physicians and low adherence of patients due to the asymptomatic HTN course in the majority

Why Are Outcomes Different for Registry Patients Enrolled Prospectively and Retrospectively? Insights from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF).

Background: Retrospective and prospective observational studies are designed to reflect real-world evidence on clinical practice, but can yield conflicting results. The GARFIELD-AF Registry includes both methods of enrolment and allows analysis of differences in patient characteristics and outcomes that may result. Methods and Results: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ≥1 risk factor for stroke at diagnosis of AF were recruited either retrospectively (n = 5069) or prospectively (n = 5501) from 19 countries and then followed prospectively. The retrospectively enrolled cohort comprised patients with established AF (for a least 6, and up to 24 months before enrolment), who were identified retrospectively (and baseline and partial follow-up data were collected from the emedical records) and then followed prospectively between 0-18 months (such that the total time of follow-up was 24 months; data collection Dec-2009 and Oct-2010). In the prospectively enrolled cohort, patients with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks after diagnosis) were recruited between Mar-2010 and Oct-2011 and were followed for 24 months after enrolment. Differences between the cohorts were observed in clinical characteristics, including type of AF, stroke prevention strategies, and event rates. More patients in the retrospectively identified cohort received vitamin K antagonists (62.1% vs. 53.2%) and fewer received non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (1.8% vs . 4.2%). All-cause mortality rates per 100 person-years during the prospective follow-up (starting the first study visit up to 1 year) were significantly lower in the retrospective than prospectively identified cohort (3.04 [95% CI 2.51 to 3.67] vs . 4.05 [95% CI 3.53 to 4.63]; p = 0.016). Conclusions: Interpretations of data from registries that aim to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with AF must take account of differences in registry design and the impact of recall bias and survivorship bias that is incurred with retrospective enrolment. Clinical Trial Registration: - URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362)

Improved risk stratification of patients with atrial fibrillation: an integrated GARFIELD-AF tool for the prediction of mortality, stroke and bleed in patients with and without anticoagulation.

OBJECTIVES: To provide an accurate, web-based tool for stratifying patients with atrial fibrillation to facilitate decisions on the potential benefits/risks of anticoagulation, based on mortality, stroke and bleeding risks. DESIGN: The new tool was developed, using stepwise regression, for all and then applied to lower risk patients. C-statistics were compared with CHA2DS2-VASc using 30-fold cross-validation to control for overfitting. External validation was undertaken in an independent dataset, Outcome Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (ORBIT-AF). PARTICIPANTS: Data from 39 898 patients enrolled in the prospective GARFIELD-AF registry provided the basis for deriving and validating an integrated risk tool to predict stroke risk, mortality and bleeding risk. RESULTS: The discriminatory value of the GARFIELD-AF risk model was superior to CHA2DS2-VASc for patients with or without anticoagulation. C-statistics (95% CI) for all-cause mortality, ischaemic stroke/systemic embolism and haemorrhagic stroke/major bleeding (treated patients) were: 0.77 (0.76 to 0.78), 0.69 (0.67 to 0.71) and 0.66 (0.62 to 0.69), respectively, for the GARFIELD-AF risk models, and 0.66 (0.64-0.67), 0.64 (0.61-0.66) and 0.64 (0.61-0.68), respectively, for CHA2DS2-VASc (or HAS-BLED for bleeding). In very low to low risk patients (CHA2DS2-VASc 0 or 1 (men) and 1 or 2 (women)), the CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED (for bleeding) scores offered weak discriminatory value for mortality, stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding. C-statistics for the GARFIELD-AF risk tool were 0.69 (0.64 to 0.75), 0.65 (0.56 to 0.73) and 0.60 (0.47 to 0.73) for each end point, respectively, versus 0.50 (0.45 to 0.55), 0.59 (0.50 to 0.67) and 0.55 (0.53 to 0.56) for CHA2DS2-VASc (or HAS-BLED for bleeding). Upon validation in the ORBIT-AF population, C-statistics showed that the GARFIELD-AF risk tool was effective for predicting 1-year all-cause mortality using the full and simplified model for all-cause mortality: C-statistics 0.75 (0.73 to 0.77) and 0.75 (0.73 to 0.77), respectively, and for predicting for any stroke or systemic embolism over 1 year, C-statistics 0.68 (0.62 to 0.74). CONCLUSIONS: Performance of the GARFIELD-AF risk tool was superior to CHA2DS2-VASc in predicting stroke and mortality and superior to HAS-BLED for bleeding, overall and in lower risk patients. The GARFIELD-AF tool has the potential for incorporation in routine electronic systems, and for the first time, permits simultaneous evaluation of ischaemic stroke, mortality and bleeding risks. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362) and for ORBIT-AF (NCT01165710)

Two-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation: results from GARFIELD-AF.

AIMS: The relationship between outcomes and time after diagnosis for patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) is poorly defined, especially beyond the first year. METHODS AND RESULTS: GARFIELD-AF is an ongoing, global observational study of adults with newly diagnosed NVAF. Two-year outcomes of 17 162 patients prospectively enrolled in GARFIELD-AF were analysed in light of baseline characteristics, risk profiles for stroke/systemic embolism (SE), and antithrombotic therapy. The mean (standard deviation) age was 69.8 (11.4) years, 43.8% were women, and the mean CHA2DS2-VASc score was 3.3 (1.6); 60.8% of patients were prescribed anticoagulant therapy with/without antiplatelet (AP) therapy, 27.4% AP monotherapy, and 11.8% no antithrombotic therapy. At 2-year follow-up, all-cause mortality, stroke/SE, and major bleeding had occurred at a rate (95% confidence interval) of 3.83 (3.62; 4.05), 1.25 (1.13; 1.38), and 0.70 (0.62; 0.81) per 100 person-years, respectively. Rates for all three major events were highest during the first 4 months. Congestive heart failure, acute coronary syndromes, sudden/unwitnessed death, malignancy, respiratory failure, and infection/sepsis accounted for 65% of all known causes of death and strokes for <10%. Anticoagulant treatment was associated with a 35% lower risk of death. CONCLUSION: The most frequent of the three major outcome measures was death, whose most common causes are not known to be significantly influenced by anticoagulation. This suggests that a more comprehensive approach to the management of NVAF may be needed to improve outcome. This could include, in addition to anticoagulation, interventions targeting modifiable, cause-specific risk factors for death. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362