Integrative epigenomic mapping defines four main chromatin states in Arabidopsis

This first comprehensive view of the Arabidopsis epigenome reveals that it is organized into four main chromatin types based on the integrative mapping of a broad set of 11 histone marks and DNA methylation in seedlings

Lecture collective d'une carte : une perspective multimodale

Reading is traditionally considered to be an individual activity related to a written text. In the present study, we will look at a particular type of reading as collective activity: map-reading in peer-group interactions in a French Foreign language classroom. Drawing from of ethnomethodologically oriented Conversation Analysis and vygotskian Sociocultural Theory, the analyses focus on the multimodal organization of map-reading in order to show a) how map-reading is organized on a multimodal level as a collective action; b) how the map constitutes both a material and a conceptual space for joint action and shared cognition; and c) how talk-in-interaction hinges on this collectively organized activity of map-readin

Cadres de participation en transition: une perspective multimodale sur l'organisation de la parole en classe

In classroom interactions, participants have to deal with a variety of aspects related to the institutionnal setting: namely, the institutionnally distributed role-relations between teacher and student as well as the multipartyness of the interaction. These features allow for a variety of participation frameworks (teacher-student interaction vs. student-student interaction; one-to-one interaction vs. one-to-multiple interaction, on-task vs. off-task interactions, official vs. non-official interactions, etc.). Some of these may very vell occur simultaneously, and their analytical distinction may not hold at close scrutiny. However, in order to manage these multiple possibilities, participants not only exhibit by verbal and non-verbal means the adressee of their talk, which implies among other things establishing recipiency, and the interactional space to which they are orienting to, but actively create, maintain and abandon these interactional spaces, that is participation frameworks, on a moment-by-moment basis. Drawing from Conversation Analysis, we will take a stance on the sequentially deployed actions for rearranging participation frameworks through linguistic and multimodal resources. Our aim is to analyze shifts in participation frameworks and their impact on the interactional and discursive dynamics, taking into account the multimodal levels of interaction for establishing and changing participation frameworks. The data for our study consists of videotaped French first and advanced foereign language classroom interactions

Effect of perioperative mupirocin and antiseptic body wash on infection rate and causative pathogens in patients undergoing cardiac surgery

INTRODUCTION: Preoperative nasal mupirocin has been shown to reduce surgical site infections (SSIs) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. We analyzed the effect of mupirocin plus antiseptic body wash on SSI rate and etiology. METHODS: Prospective SSI surveillance was done for patients undergoing cardiac surgery before and after implementation of mupirocin nasal ointment and chlorhexidine/octenidine body wash. RESULTS: Overall SSI rate was 8.6% (81 out of 945) for the control and 6.9% (58 out of 842) for the intervention cohort (P = .19). In multivariable analysis, the study protocol was associated with an odds ratio of 0.61 (95% confidence interval, 0.41-0.91; P = .015) with regard to any SSI. This effect was exclusively due to a reduction in superficial SSIs and was observed both in patients with preoperative and postoperative treatment initiation. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), the most commonly isolated pathogen, were found in 37% and 48% (P = .19) of patients in the control and the intervention cohort, respectively. CoNS were methicillin resistant in 69% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Mupirocin and antiseptic body wash reduced the rate of superficial but not deep or organ/space SSIs. Postoperative patient treatment may be critical in reducing the risk for superficial SSI, presumably due to a reduction of bacterial skin load. A high proportion of SSI was due to methicillin-resistant CoNS and thus not covered by routine perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis

Our Neighbor the Beaver: Anthropomorphism to Facilitate Environmental Mediation in Rural France

International audienceAbstractThe European Beaver came close to extinction in France at the beginning of the twentieth century. It has since been reintroduced across the country but its gradual expansion has caused conflicts linked to its behavior, exacerbated by strict enforcement of laws against poaching or the destruction of beaver dams. We conducted field research in 2021 in three municipalities, two in the Loire basin and one in the Seine basin. Using a reconciliation ecology perspective and participatory science methodology, we investigated the dynamics of beaver rejection and approaches to defuse them by emphasizing the anthropomorphic characters of the beaver. During successive meetings with study participants, we attempted to mitigate attitudes of human/nature opposition by presenting humans as part of ecosystems, engaged in social relations with other living beings using the concept of “neighborhood,“ which specifically places these relationships and has proven to be more readily adopted than the more abstract concepts of ecosystem, habitat, or biotope. We used a three-stage process of reconciliation/reconnection/protection to raise environmental awareness and concerns. Our results can provide guidelines for environmental agents and officers to engage local populations in conservation efforts

: Experiences With Pharmacy-Based PrEP Delivery Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Kisumu, Kenya

Introduction Many Kenyan adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) with behaviors associated with HIV acquisition access contraception at retail pharmacies. Offering oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in pharmacies could help reach AGYW with PrEP services. Methods We piloted PrEP delivery at 3 retail pharmacies in Kisumu, Kenya. AGYW purchasing contraception were offered PrEP by nurses with remote prescriber oversight. AGYW who accepted were provided with a free 1-month supply. We conducted in-depth interviews with AGYW 30 days postobtaining PrEP. Transcripts were analyzed to explore experiences of AGYW accessing PrEP at pharmacies. Results We conducted 41 interviews. AGYW preferred pharmacies for accessing PrEP and they were willing to pay for PrEP even if available for free at clinics. Reasons for this preference included accessibility, lack of queues, and medication stockouts, privacy, anonymity, autonomy, and high-quality counseling from our study nurses. Conclusions Pharmacies may be an important PrEP access option for this population