Parameter Indentification of Wave Period by Superposition Method

This paper presents a study of the parameter identification of period by the superposition of wave in the actuator model using the finite element method. In this research, the period of superposed wave is identified so as to minimize the performance function. As the state equation, the Navier-Stokes equations are used for the analysis of flow in the actuator model. The quasi-linear approximation of advection velocity is given by the Adams-Bashforth formula which has second order accuracy. To solve the state equation, the implicit time integration is applied to the temporal discretization. The bubble function element using the stabilized bubble function method is utilized for the spatial discretization.【査読有

Quantitative analysis of major elements in igneous rocks with X-ray fluorescence spectrometer “ZSX primus II” using a 1:10 dilution glass bead

Detailed procedures of sample processing including preparation of a 1: 10 dilution glass bead and evaluations of calibration lines of the X-ray fluorescence spectrometer for major element compositions of igneous rock samples are presented. We used 11 igneous rock standard samples of the Geological Survey of Japan and the synthetic material for the calibration. A powdered rock sample ignited at 900 ° C for four hours and lithium tetraborate as an alkali flux ignited at 700 ° C for four hours are weighed 0.4000 ± 0.0001 g and 4.0000 ± 0.0001 g, respectively. The mixture of rock powder sample and lithium tetraborate is put into a platinum crucible and fused to a glass bead. The calibration lines for basalts and andesites named "Major12" analyze 10 major elements such as Si, Ti, Al, Fe, Mn, Mg, Ca, Na, K and P in 10 minutes. The result of repeated analyses of six standard materials shows that the relative standard deviations are less than 3% and relative errors are less than 1.2%. Therefore, the calibration lines "Major12" are sufficient to be applied to routine measurement of igneous rocks. For analysis of ultramafic rocks, another set of calibration lines "majorOl\u27\u27 was made based on standard samples including synthesized materials of SiO, and MgO reagents, and the calibration lines cover wider Si, Mg, Ni and Cr ranges than "Major12". The calibration lines "majorOl\u27\u27 successfully reproduced concentrations of nine major element compositions (Si, Ti, Al, Fe, Mn, Mg, Ca, Ni, Cr) of the standard samples of ultramafic rocks

X Chromosome Contribution to the Genetic Architecture of Primary Biliary Cholangitis.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Genome-wide association studies in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) have failed to find X chromosome (chrX) variants associated with the disease. Here, we specifically explore the chrX contribution to PBC, a sexually dimorphic complex autoimmune disease. METHODS: We performed a chrX-wide association study, including genotype data from 5 genome-wide association studies (from Italy, United Kingdom, Canada, China, and Japan; 5244 case patients and 11,875 control individuals). RESULTS: Single-marker association analyses found approximately 100 loci displaying P < 5 × 10(-4), with the most significant being a signal within the OTUD5 gene (rs3027490; P = 4.80 × 10(-6); odds ratio [OR], 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.028-1.88; Japanese cohort). Although the transethnic meta-analysis evidenced only a suggestive signal (rs2239452, mapping within the PIM2 gene; OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.09-1.26; P = 9.93 × 10(-8)), the population-specific meta-analysis showed a genome-wide significant locus in East Asian individuals pointing to the same region (rs7059064, mapping within the GRIPAP1 gene; P = 6.2 × 10(-9); OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.21-1.46). Indeed, rs7059064 tags a unique linkage disequilibrium block including 7 genes: TIMM17B, PQBP1, PIM2, SLC35A2, OTUD5, KCND1, and GRIPAP1, as well as a superenhancer (GH0XJ048933 within OTUD5) targeting all these genes. GH0XJ048933 is also predicted to target FOXP3, the main T-regulatory cell lineage specification factor. Consistently, OTUD5 and FOXP3 RNA levels were up-regulated in PBC case patients (1.75- and 1.64-fold, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This work represents the first comprehensive study, to our knowledge, of the chrX contribution to the genetics of an autoimmune liver disease and shows a novel PBC-related genome-wide significant locus.The article is available via Open Access. Click on the 'Additional link' above to access the full-text.Published version, accepted versio