ВПЛИВ СОЦІАЛЬНОГО КАПІТАЛУ НА ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ МЕРЕЖЕВИХ СТРУКТУР В УМОВАХ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ

The article is devoted to determining the influence of social capital onthe functioning of network structures in the knowledge economy. Definitionsof networks and network structures are analyzed. Social capital is definedas a common basis for all levels of network structures. The levels ofnetwork structures and social capital are determined. It is noted that socialcapital provides high economic efficiency of network structures by achievinga synergistic effect of the interaction of their individual participants. It isestablished that the effectiveness of innovative development of theenterprise largely depends on the network of socio-economic relations ofthe enterprise, aimed at accumulating its social capital. Socio-economicrelations of the enterprise are considered as a formed system of informationand communication elements of social and economic nature, which allowsthe enterprise to function and develop. The scheme of social and economicrelations of the enterprise in their close interaction and interdependencewith the external environment is given. There are three groups of relationsin the network of socio-economic relations: social external relations, socialinternal relations and economic relations. The structure of each of thegroups is revealed. It is established that the internal relations of theenterprise are reflected in its foreign economic relations and vice versa. Thescientific novelty of the study is to consider network structures through theprism of social capital and the development of the enterprise scheme as anetwork of socio-economic relations, which are the basis for the formationof social capital. in associations with other enterprises, through thedevelopment of social capital. The influence of digitalization on theformation of consumer demand, the satisfaction of which requires newsocial connections and the corresponding social capital, is shown. Furtherresearch requires methods and tools for the formation and development ofsocial capital in network structures at the inter-organizational level ofinteraction.Статья посвящена определению влияния социального капитала нафункционирование сетевых структур в условиях экономики знаний.Проанализированы определения сетей и сетевых структур. Определеносоциальный капитал как общая основа для всех уровней сетевыхструктур. Определены уровни сетевых структур и социального капитала.Отмечено, что именно социальный капитал обеспечивает высокуюэкономическую эффективность сетевых структур через достижение имисинергетического эффекта от взаимодействия отдельных их участников.Установлено, что эффективность инновационного развития предприятияв значительной степени зависит от сети социально-экономическихотношений предприятия, направленной на накопление его социальногокапитала. Представлена схема социально-экономических связейпредприятия в их тесном взаимодействии и взаимозависимости свнешней средой. Выделены три группы связей в сети социальноэкономических связей: социальные внешние связи, социальныевнутренние связи и экономические связи. Установлено, что внутренниевзаимосвязи предприятия имеют отражение в его внешнеэкономических связях и наоборот. Научная новизна исследованиязаключается в рассмотрении сетевых структур через призму социальногокапитала и разработке схемы предприятия как сети социальноэкономических связей, которые являются основой для формированиясоциального капитала.Стаття присвячена визначенню місця та ролі соціального капіталу у мережевих структурах в умовах цифровізації. Проаналізовано визначення мереж та мережевих структур. Визначено соціальний капітал як спільну основу для всіх рівнів мережевих структур. Визначено рівні мережевих структур та соціального капіталу. Зазначено, що саме соціальний капітал забезпечує високу економічну ефективність мережевих структур через досягнення ними синергетичного ефекту від взаємодії окремих їх учасників. Встановлено, що ефективність інноваційного розвитку підприємства значною мірою залежить від мережі соціально-економічних відносин підприємства, що спрямована на нагромадження його соціального капіталу. Представлено схему соціально-економічних зв’язків підприємства в їх тісній взаємодії та взаємозалежності із зовнішнім середовищем. Виділено три групи зв'язків в мережі соціально-економічних зв'язків: соціальні зовнішні зв’язки, соціальні внутрішні зв’язки та економічні зв’язки. Встановлено,  що внутрішні взаємозв’язки підприємства мають відображення у його зовнішньо-економічних зв’язках, і навпаки. Показано вплив цифровізації на формування споживчого попиту, задоволення якого  потребує нових соціальних зв’язків та відповідного соціального капіталу. Наукова новизна дослідження полягає у розгляді мережевих структур  через призму соціального капіталу та розробці схеми підприємства як мережі соціально-економічних зв’язків, які є основою для формуваннясоціального капіталу.

From QFT to DCC

A quantum field theoretical model for the dynamics of the disoriented chiral condensate is presented. A unified approach to relate the quantum field theory directly to the formation, decay and signals of the DCC and its evolution is taken. We use a background field analysis of the O(4) sigma model keeping one-loop quantum corrections (quadratic order in the fluctuations). An evolution of the quantum fluctuations in an external, expanding metric which simulates the expansion of the plasma, is carried out. We examine, in detail, the amplification of the low momentum pion modes with two competing effects, the expansion rate of the plasma and the transition rate of the vacuum configuration from a metastable state into a stable state.We show the effect of DCC formation on the multiplicity distributions and the Bose-Einstein correlations.Comment: 34 pages, 10 figure

Intermittency in Branching Processes

We study the intermittency properties of two branching processes, one with a uniform and another with a singular splitting kernel. The asymptotic intermittency indices, as well as the leading corrections to the asymptotic linear regime are explicitly computed in an analytic framework. Both models are found to possess a monofractal spectrum with $\varphi_{q}=q-1$. Relations with previous results are discussed.Comment: 20 pages, UCLA93/TEP/2

Measurement of charged particle multiplicities in pppp collisions at s=7{\sqrt{s} =7}TeV in the forward region

The charged particle production in proton-proton collisions is studied with the LHCb detector at a centre-of-mass energy of ${\sqrt{s} =7}$TeV in different intervals of pseudorapidity $\eta$. The charged particles are reconstructed close to the interaction region in the vertex detector, which provides high reconstruction efficiency in the $\eta$ ranges $-2.5<\eta<-2.0$ and $2.0<\eta<4.5$. The data were taken with a minimum bias trigger, only requiring one or more reconstructed tracks in the vertex detector. By selecting an event sample with at least one track with a transverse momentum greater than 1 GeV/c a hard QCD subsample is investigated. Several event generators are compared with the data; none are able to describe fully the multiplicity distributions or the charged particle density distribution as a function of $\eta$. In general, the models underestimate the charged particle production

Scaling violations: Connections between elastic and inelastic hadron scattering in a geometrical approach

Starting from a short range expansion of the inelastic overlap function, capable of describing quite well the elastic pp and $\bar{p}p$ scattering data, we obtain extensions to the inelastic channel, through unitarity and an impact parameter approach. Based on geometrical arguments we infer some characteristics of the elementary hadronic process and this allows an excellent description of the inclusive multiplicity distributions in $pp$ and $\bar{p}p$ collisions. With this approach we quantitatively correlate the violations of both geometrical and KNO scaling in an analytical way. The physical picture from both channels is that the geometrical evolution of the hadronic constituents is principally reponsible for the energy dependence of the physical quantities rather than the dynamical (elementary) interaction itself.Comment: 16 pages, aps-revtex, 11 figure

Charged-Particle Multiplicities in Charged-Current Neutrino-- and Anti-Neutrino--Nucleus Interactions

The CHORUS experiment, designed to search for $\nu_{\mu}\to\nu_{\tau}$ oscillations, consists of a nuclear emulsion target and electronic detectors. In this paper, results on the production of charged particles in a small sample of charged-current neutrino-- and anti-neutrino--nucleus interactions at high energy are presented. For each event, the emission angle and the ionization features of the charged particles produced in the interaction are recorded, while the standard kinematic variables are reconstructed using the electronic detectors. The average multiplicities for charged tracks, the pseudo-rapidity distributions, the dispersion in the multiplicity of charged particles and the KNO scaling are studied in different kinematical regions. A study of quasi-elastic topologies performed for the first time in nuclear emulsions is also reported. The results are presented in a form suitable for use in the validation of Monte Carlo generators of neutrino--nucleus interactions.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figure

N-Terminal Gly224–Gly411 Domain in Listeria Adhesion Protein Interacts with Host Receptor Hsp60

Listeria adhesion protein (LAP) is a housekeeping bifunctional enzyme consisting of N-terminal acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and C-terminal alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). It aids Listeria monocytogenes in crossing the epithelial barrier through a paracellular route by interacting with its host receptor, heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60). To gain insight into the binding interaction between LAP and Hsp60, LAP subdomain(s) participating in the Hsp60 interaction were investigated.Using a ModBase structural model, LAP was divided into 4 putative subdomains: the ALDH region contains N1 (Met(1)-Pro(223)) and N2 (Gly(224)-Gly(411)), and the ADH region contains C1 (Gly(412)-Val(648)) and C2 (Pro(649)-Val(866)). Each subdomain was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified. Purified subdomains were used in ligand overlay, immunofluorescence, and bead-based epithelial cell adhesion assays to analyze each domain's affinity toward Hsp60 protein or human ileocecal epithelial HCT-8 cells.The N2 subdomain exhibited the greatest affinity for Hsp60 with a K(D) of 9.50±2.6 nM. The K(D) of full-length LAP (7.2±0.5 nM) to Hsp60 was comparable to the N2 value. Microspheres (1 µm diameter) coated with N2 subdomain showed significantly (P<0.05) higher binding to HCT-8 cells than beads coated with other subdomains and this binding was inhibited when HCT-8 cells were pretreated with anti-Hsp60 antibody to specifically block epithelial Hsp60. Furthermore, HCT-8 cells pretreated with purified N2 subdomain also reduced L. monocytogenes adhesion by about 4 log confirming its involvement in interaction with epithelial cells.These data indicate that the N2 subdomain in the LAP ALDH domain is critical in initiating interaction with mammalian cell receptor Hsp60 providing insight into the molecular mechanism of pathogenesis for the development of potential anti-listerial control strategies

Evaluation and Characterization of Bacterial Metabolic Dynamics with a Novel Profiling Technique, Real-Time Metabolotyping

BACKGROUND: Environmental processes in ecosystems are dynamically altered by several metabolic responses in microorganisms, including intracellular sensing and pumping, battle for survival, and supply of or competition for nutrients. Notably, intestinal bacteria maintain homeostatic balance in mammals via multiple dynamic biochemical reactions to produce several metabolites from undigested food, and those metabolites exert various effects on mammalian cells in a time-dependent manner. We have established a method for the analysis of bacterial metabolic dynamics in real time and used it in combination with statistical NMR procedures. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We developed a novel method called real-time metabolotyping (RT-MT), which performs sequential (1)H-NMR profiling and two-dimensional (2D) (1)H, (13)C-HSQC (heteronuclear single quantum coherence) profiling during bacterial growth in an NMR tube. The profiles were evaluated with such statistical methods as Z-score analysis, principal components analysis, and time series of statistical TOtal Correlation SpectroScopY (TOCSY). In addition, using 2D (1)H, (13)C-HSQC with the stable isotope labeling technique, we observed the metabolic kinetics of specific biochemical reactions based on time-dependent 2D kinetic profiles. Using these methods, we clarified the pathway for linolenic acid hydrogenation by a gastrointestinal bacterium, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. We identified trans11, cis13 conjugated linoleic acid as the intermediate of linolenic acid hydrogenation by B. fibrisolvens, based on the results of (13)C-labeling RT-MT experiments. In addition, we showed that the biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids serves as a defense mechanism against their toxic effects. CONCLUSIONS: RT-MT is useful for the characterization of beneficial bacterium that shows potential for use as probiotic by producing bioactive compounds

A 300-year record of sedimentation in a small tilled catena in Hungary based on δ13C, δ15N, and C/N distribution

Purpose Soil erosion is one of the most serious hazards that endanger sustainable food production. Moreover, it has marked effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) with direct links to global warming. At the same time, soil organic matter (SOM) changes in composition and space could influence these processes. The aim of this study was to predict soil erosion and sedimentation volume and dynamics on a typical hilly cropland area of Hungary due to forest clearance in the early eighteenth century. Materials and methods Horizontal soil samples were taken along two parallel intensively cultivated complex convex-concave slopes from the eroded upper parts at mid-slope positions and from sedimentation in toe-slopes. Samples were measured for SOC, total nitrogen (TN) content, and SOMcompounds (δ13C, δ15N, and photometric indexes). They were compared to the horizons of an in situ non-eroded profile under continuous forest. On the depositional profile cores, soil depth prior to sedimentation was calculated by the determination of sediment thickness. Results and discussion Peaks of SOC in the sedimentation profiles indicated thicker initial profiles, while peaks in C/N ratio and δ13C distribution showed the original surface to be ~ 20 cm lower. Peaks of SOC were presumed to be the results of deposition of SOC-enriched soil from the upper slope transported by selective erosion of finer particles (silts and clays). Therefore, changes in δ13C values due to tillage and delivery would fingerprint the original surface much better under the sedimentation scenario than SOC content. Distribution of δ13C also suggests that the main sedimentation phase occurred immediately after forest clearance and before the start of intense cultivation with maize. Conclusions This highlights the role of relief in sheet erosion intensity compared to intensive cultivation. Patterns of δ13C indicate the original soil surface, even in profiles deposited as sediment centuries ago. The δ13C and C/N decrease in buried in situ profiles had the same tendency as recent forest soil, indicating constant SOM quality distribution after burial. Accordingly, microbiological activity, root uptake, and metabolism have not been effective enough to modify initial soil properties

Impact of renal impairment on atrial fibrillation: ESC-EHRA EORP-AF Long-Term General Registry

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) and renal impairment share a bidirectional relationship with important pathophysiological interactions. We evaluated the impact of renal impairment in a contemporary cohort of patients with AF. Methods: We utilised the ESC-EHRA EORP-AF Long-Term General Registry. Outcomes were analysed according to renal function by CKD-EPI equation. The primary endpoint was a composite of thromboembolism, major bleeding, acute coronary syndrome and all-cause death. Secondary endpoints were each of these separately including ischaemic stroke, haemorrhagic event, intracranial haemorrhage, cardiovascular death and hospital admission. Results: A total of 9306 patients were included. The distribution of patients with no, mild, moderate and severe renal impairment at baseline were 16.9%, 49.3%, 30% and 3.8%, respectively. AF patients with impaired renal function were older, more likely to be females, had worse cardiac imaging parameters and multiple comorbidities. Among patients with an indication for anticoagulation, prescription of these agents was reduced in those with severe renal impairment, p&nbsp;&lt;.001. Over 24&nbsp;months, impaired renal function was associated with significantly greater incidence of the primary composite outcome and all secondary outcomes. Multivariable Cox regression analysis demonstrated an inverse relationship between eGFR and the primary outcome (HR 1.07 [95% CI, 1.01–1.14] per 10&nbsp;ml/min/1.73&nbsp;m2 decrease), that was most notable in patients with eGFR &lt;30&nbsp;ml/min/1.73&nbsp;m2 (HR 2.21 [95% CI, 1.23–3.99] compared to eGFR ≥90&nbsp;ml/min/1.73&nbsp;m2). Conclusion: A significant proportion of patients with AF suffer from concomitant renal impairment which impacts their overall management. Furthermore, renal impairment is an independent predictor of major adverse events including thromboembolism, major bleeding, acute coronary syndrome and all-cause death in patients with AF