Religiosity or ideology? On the individual differences predictors of sexism

The present set of studies investigated the role of both religiosity and social-ideological attitudes in the prediction of various forms of sexist and gender-related attitudes. Hierarchical regression analyses on data collected in three countries (i.e., two heterogeneous adult samples from Turkey and the Netherlands, and two student samples from Belgium; combined N = 964) revealed that although individual differences in religiosity did predict traditional gender role beliefs and sexism (towards both women and men), its impact was limited compared to the impact of individual differences in social-ideological attitudes (i.e., social dominance orientation and particularly authoritarianism). In the discussion, we argue that sexism primarily relates to individual differences in peoples' perspective on the social world, and that religiosity explains little additional variance

Lockdown Lives:A Longitudinal Study of Inter-Relationships Among Feelings of Loneliness, Social Contacts, and Solidarity During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Early 2020

We examine how social contacts and feelings of solidarity shape experiences of loneliness during the COVID-19 lockdown in early 2020. From the PsyCorona database, we obtained longitudinal data from 23 countries, collected between March and May 2020. The results demonstrated that although online contacts help to reduce feelings of loneliness, people who feel more lonely are less likely to use that strategy. Solidarity played only a small role in shaping feelings of loneliness during lockdown. Thus, it seems we must look beyond the current focus on online contact and solidarity to help people address feelings of loneliness during lockdown. Finally, online contacts did not function as a substitute for face-to-face contacts outside the home-in fact, more frequent online contact in earlier weeks predicted more frequent face-to-face contacts in later weeks. As such, this work provides relevant insights into how individuals manage the impact of restrictions on their social lives

Using Machine Learning to Identify Important Predictors of COVID-19 Infection Prevention Behaviors During the Early Phase of the Pandemic

Before vaccines for COVID-19 became available, a set of infection prevention behaviors constituted the primary means to mitigate the virus spread. Our study aimed to identify important predictors of this set of behaviors. Whereas social and health psychological theories suggest a limited set of predictors, machine learning analyses can identify correlates from a larger pool of candidate predictors. We used random forests to rank 115 candidate correlates of infection prevention behavior in 56,072 participants across 28 countries, administered in March-May 2020. The machine- learning model predicted 52% of the variance in infection prevention behavior in a separate test sample—exceeding the performance of psychological models of health behavior. Results indicated the two most important predictors related to individual- level injunctive norms. Illustrating how data-driven methods can complement theory, some of the most important predictors were not derived from theories of health behavior—and some theoretically-derived predictors were relatively unimportant

Numerical analysis and modeling of air flow velocity in air conditioning of an operating room

Ameliyathane ortamlarına giren ve çıkan personel gibi kaçınılamaz mikroorganizma kaynaklarından gelen zararlıların dezenfektanlar ile verdiği zararların minimize edilmesi mümkün iken mikroorganizmaları zararlı seviyenin altında tutabilmek için ortamın uygun standartlarında havalandırmasının ve iklimlendirmesinin kritik öneme sahip olduğu açıkça görülmektedir. Bu nedenle bu çalışma kapsamında, bir ameliyathanenin iklimlendirilmesi ve havalandırılması esnasında hava akışından kaynaklı mikroorganizmaların çoğalmasını engellemek için hava akışı ANSYS Fluent programı kullanılarak sayısal olarak analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında ameliyathane için tavandan üfleme ve duvardan emme menfezli Model-1 ve aseptizör cihazının kullanıldığı Model-2 bir arada ele alınmış ve hava akış yönü ve hava hız açısından elde edilen analiz sonuçları birbiri ile kıyaslanmıştır. Tasarlanan her iki iklimlendirme sistemi de ocak ve temmuz ayları için analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar bir arada değerlendirildiğinde, monitör, cerrahi alet masası, ilaç dolabı, anestezi makinası gibi cihazlar tavandan askılı olmadığı için her iki model de hava sirkülasyonunun engellendiği ve ölü akış bölgelerinin oluştuğu görülmüştür. Model-2’de bulunan aseptizör cihazı, standartlarda belirtildiği gibi laminer hava akımı oluşturmamakta ve enfeksiyon riski oluşumunu artırmaktadır. Bu nedenle, Model-2 ile kıyaslandığında, Model-1’de ki tavandan üfleme kenarlardan emme yapan iklimlendirme sisteminin ameliyathane iklimlendirmelerinde daha uygun olduğu görülmüştür.While it is possible to minimize the damage caused by inevitable sources such as the personnel entering and leaving to the operating environment, it is obvious that the ventilation and air conditioning of the operating room environment are critical in order to keep the microorganisms below the harmful level. For this reason, airflow velocity was analyzed numerically using the ANSYS Fluent program to prevent the proliferation of microorganisms coming from the air stream during the air conditioning and ventilation of an operating room. Within the scope of the study, the Model-1, which uses ceiling blowing and wall suction air conditioning system and Model-1, which uses aseptizer device was analysed and the results obtained from the air flow direction and air velocity were compared with each other. Both air conditioning systems were analyzed for January and July. When the results were evaluated together, devices such as monitor, surgical instrument table, medicine cabinet, anesthesia machine were not suspended from the ceiling. Because of that both models prevented air circulation and dead flow regions were formed. Aseptizing device used in Model-2, as specified in the standards does not create laminar air flow and increase the risk of infection. Therefore, the most convenient air conditioning system ceiling from was seen as Model-1

Modelling of air flow during air conditioning in an operating room

Günümüz ameliyathanelerinin iklimlendirilmesinde kullanılan klima sistemleriyle; sıcaklık ve nem kontrolünün yapılmasının istenmesinin yanı sıra havada taşınabilen mikroorganizma ve toz miktarının, atık anestezi gazı ve kötü koku oranının önemli ölçüde azaltması da istenmektedir. Ayrıca kullanılan klima sistemleri ile standartlarda belirtilen koruma alanının oluşturabilmesi hedeflenmektedir. Bu sayede ameliyat esnasında kesi yapılan bölgeden hastaya enfeksiyon bulaşma riski de en aza indirgenebilmelidir. Bu nedenle mevcut çalışmada, Türkiye’de mevcut durumda bulunan bir devlet hastanesinin ameliyathanesinin iklimlendirilmesi sonucunda oluşabilecek sıcaklık dağılımları incelenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında ameliyathanenin incelenmesinde iki farklı model (Model 1 ve Model 2) tasarlanmış ve tasarlanan bu modeller ANSYS Fluent programı ile simüle edilerek sayısal olarak analiz edilmiştir. Model 1 tavandan üfleme, kenarlardan emme menfezleri ile hava emen bir sistem olarak tasarlanırken Model 2 aseptizör cihazı ile iklimlendirme yapacak şekilde tasarlanmıştır. Tasarlanan her bir model için x düzlemi boyunca beş ve z düzlemi boyunca üç farklı kesitte inceleme yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, Model 1’de ameliyat lambalarının cerrahi alan üzerinde konumlandırılması sonucu ölü kış bölgelerinin oluştuğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca bu modelde incelenen kesitlerde salondaki sıcaklık değerlerinin personeli ve hastayı rahatsız edici değerler olmadığı görülmüştür. Model 2’de yüksek hava akış hızı nedeniyle ameliyathane personelinin konforsuzluk yaşadığı, cerrahi alan üzerinde laminer akışın sağlanamaması nedeniyle de cerrahi alan enfeksiyonu gelişiminin mümkün olabileceği görülmüştür. Çalışmanın sonuçları incelendiğinde, standartlara ve literatürdeki çalışmaların sonuçlarına paralel olarak ameliyathanelerde en uygun havalandırma tekniğinin bu çalışmada Model 1 olarak tanımlanan tavandan üfleme ve kenarlardan emme menfezleri ile hava emen iklimlendirme sistemi olduğu görülmüştür.With the air conditioning systems used in the air conditioning of today's operating rooms; it is desirable that the amount of microorganism and powder that can be carried in the air to be significantly reduced as well as the temperature, humidity, waste anaesthesia gas, the odour ratio control. In addition, it is aimed to be able to form the protection area specified in the standards with the air-conditioning systems used. In this way, the risk of infection to the patient from the incision site during the operation should be minimized. Therefore, in the present study, the temperature distribution in an operating room of a state hospital in Turkey were examined. In the study, two different models (Model 1 and Model 2) were designed and the designed models were numerically analysed and simulated by using ANSYS Fluent software. Model 1 is designed as a system that blows air from the ceiling, sucking air from the sides with suction grilles, while the Model 2 is designed to air-conditioning with the aseptizer. For each designed model, five different sections along the x-plane and three along the z-plane were examined. In Model-1, it was observed that the dead winter regions were formed as a result of the positioning of the surgical lamps on the surgical area. In addition, it was observed that the temperature values in the room were not disturbing for the personnel and the patient. Because of the high air flow rate in the Model 2, it was seen that the operating room is uncomfortable the personnel due to high air flow rate and also surgical area infection development is possible due to the lack of laminar flow on the surgical area. When the results of the study are examined, it is seen that the most suitable air-conditioning system for the operating rooms in accordance with the standards and the results of the studies in the literature is air-blowing from the ceiling and air-sucking from the sides with suction grilles system, which is defined as Model 1 in the present study