Religiosity or ideology? On the individual differences predictors of sexism

The present set of studies investigated the role of both religiosity and social-ideological attitudes in the prediction of various forms of sexist and gender-related attitudes. Hierarchical regression analyses on data collected in three countries (i.e., two heterogeneous adult samples from Turkey and the Netherlands, and two student samples from Belgium; combined N = 964) revealed that although individual differences in religiosity did predict traditional gender role beliefs and sexism (towards both women and men), its impact was limited compared to the impact of individual differences in social-ideological attitudes (i.e., social dominance orientation and particularly authoritarianism). In the discussion, we argue that sexism primarily relates to individual differences in peoples' perspective on the social world, and that religiosity explains little additional variance

Using Machine Learning to Identify Important Predictors of COVID-19 Infection Prevention Behaviors During the Early Phase of the Pandemic

Before vaccines for COVID-19 became available, a set of infection prevention behaviors constituted the primary means to mitigate the virus spread. Our study aimed to identify important predictors of this set of behaviors. Whereas social and health psychological theories suggest a limited set of predictors, machine learning analyses can identify correlates from a larger pool of candidate predictors. We used random forests to rank 115 candidate correlates of infection prevention behavior in 56,072 participants across 28 countries, administered in March-May 2020. The machine- learning model predicted 52% of the variance in infection prevention behavior in a separate test sample—exceeding the performance of psychological models of health behavior. Results indicated the two most important predictors related to individual- level injunctive norms. Illustrating how data-driven methods can complement theory, some of the most important predictors were not derived from theories of health behavior—and some theoretically-derived predictors were relatively unimportant

Modelling of air flow during air conditioning in an operating room

Günümüz ameliyathanelerinin iklimlendirilmesinde kullanılan klima sistemleriyle; sıcaklık ve nem kontrolünün yapılmasının istenmesinin yanı sıra havada taşınabilen mikroorganizma ve toz miktarının, atık anestezi gazı ve kötü koku oranının önemli ölçüde azaltması da istenmektedir. Ayrıca kullanılan klima sistemleri ile standartlarda belirtilen koruma alanının oluşturabilmesi hedeflenmektedir. Bu sayede ameliyat esnasında kesi yapılan bölgeden hastaya enfeksiyon bulaşma riski de en aza indirgenebilmelidir. Bu nedenle mevcut çalışmada, Türkiye’de mevcut durumda bulunan bir devlet hastanesinin ameliyathanesinin iklimlendirilmesi sonucunda oluşabilecek sıcaklık dağılımları incelenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında ameliyathanenin incelenmesinde iki farklı model (Model 1 ve Model 2) tasarlanmış ve tasarlanan bu modeller ANSYS Fluent programı ile simüle edilerek sayısal olarak analiz edilmiştir. Model 1 tavandan üfleme, kenarlardan emme menfezleri ile hava emen bir sistem olarak tasarlanırken Model 2 aseptizör cihazı ile iklimlendirme yapacak şekilde tasarlanmıştır. Tasarlanan her bir model için x düzlemi boyunca beş ve z düzlemi boyunca üç farklı kesitte inceleme yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, Model 1’de ameliyat lambalarının cerrahi alan üzerinde konumlandırılması sonucu ölü kış bölgelerinin oluştuğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca bu modelde incelenen kesitlerde salondaki sıcaklık değerlerinin personeli ve hastayı rahatsız edici değerler olmadığı görülmüştür. Model 2’de yüksek hava akış hızı nedeniyle ameliyathane personelinin konforsuzluk yaşadığı, cerrahi alan üzerinde laminer akışın sağlanamaması nedeniyle de cerrahi alan enfeksiyonu gelişiminin mümkün olabileceği görülmüştür. Çalışmanın sonuçları incelendiğinde, standartlara ve literatürdeki çalışmaların sonuçlarına paralel olarak ameliyathanelerde en uygun havalandırma tekniğinin bu çalışmada Model 1 olarak tanımlanan tavandan üfleme ve kenarlardan emme menfezleri ile hava emen iklimlendirme sistemi olduğu görülmüştür.With the air conditioning systems used in the air conditioning of today's operating rooms; it is desirable that the amount of microorganism and powder that can be carried in the air to be significantly reduced as well as the temperature, humidity, waste anaesthesia gas, the odour ratio control. In addition, it is aimed to be able to form the protection area specified in the standards with the air-conditioning systems used. In this way, the risk of infection to the patient from the incision site during the operation should be minimized. Therefore, in the present study, the temperature distribution in an operating room of a state hospital in Turkey were examined. In the study, two different models (Model 1 and Model 2) were designed and the designed models were numerically analysed and simulated by using ANSYS Fluent software. Model 1 is designed as a system that blows air from the ceiling, sucking air from the sides with suction grilles, while the Model 2 is designed to air-conditioning with the aseptizer. For each designed model, five different sections along the x-plane and three along the z-plane were examined. In Model-1, it was observed that the dead winter regions were formed as a result of the positioning of the surgical lamps on the surgical area. In addition, it was observed that the temperature values in the room were not disturbing for the personnel and the patient. Because of the high air flow rate in the Model 2, it was seen that the operating room is uncomfortable the personnel due to high air flow rate and also surgical area infection development is possible due to the lack of laminar flow on the surgical area. When the results of the study are examined, it is seen that the most suitable air-conditioning system for the operating rooms in accordance with the standards and the results of the studies in the literature is air-blowing from the ceiling and air-sucking from the sides with suction grilles system, which is defined as Model 1 in the present study