334 research outputs found
Single-stage plasma-based correlated energy spread compensation for ultrahigh 6D brightness electron beams
Plasma photocathode wakefield acceleration combines energy gains of tens of GeV m−1 with generation of ultralow emittance electron bunches, and opens a path towards 5D-brightness orders of magnitude larger than state-of-the-art. This holds great promise for compact accelerator building blocks and advanced light sources. However, an intrinsic by-product of the enormous electric field gradients inherent to plasma accelerators is substantial correlated energy spread—an obstacle for key applications such as free-electron-lasers. Here we show that by releasing an additional tailored escort electron beam at a later phase of the acceleration, when the witness bunch is relativistically stable, the plasma wave can be locally overloaded without compromising the witness bunch normalized emittance. This reverses the effective accelerating gradient, and counter-rotates the accumulated negative longitudinal phase space chirp of the witness bunch. Thereby, the energy spread is reduced by an order of magnitude, thus enabling the production of ultrahigh 6D-brightness beams
29-Si NMR and Hidden Order in URu2Si2
We present new 29-Si NMR spectra in URu2Si2 for varying temperature T, and
external field H. On lowering T, the systematics of the low-field lineshape and
width reveal an extra component (lambda) to the linewidth below T_N ~ 17 K not
observed previously. We find that lambda is magnetic-field independent and
dominates the low-field lineshape for all orientations of H with respect to the
tetragonal c axis. The behavior of lambda indicates a direct relationship
between the 29-Si spin and the transition at T_N, but it is inconsistent with a
coupling of the nuclei to static antiferromagnetic order/disorder of the U-spin
magnetization. This leads us to conjecture that lambda is due to a coupling of
29-Si to the system's hidden-order parameter. A possible coupling mechanism
involving charge degrees of freedom and indirect nuclear spin/spin interactions
is proposed. We also propose further experiments to test for the existence of
this coupling mechanism.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to PR
Tunable and precise two-bunch generation at FLASHForward
Beam-driven plasma-wakefield acceleration based on external injection has the
potential to significantly reduce the size of future accelerators. Stability
and quality of the acceleration process substantially depends on the incoming
bunch parameters. Precise control of the current profile is essential for
optimising energy-transfer efficiency and preserving energy spread. At the
FLASHForward facility, driver--witness bunch pairs of adjustable bunch length
and separation are generated by a set of collimators in a dispersive section,
which enables fs-level control of the longitudinal bunch profile. The design of
the collimator apparatus and its commissioning is presented.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, to be published in the proceedings of the 4th
European Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop, 15-21 September 2019, La
Biodola Bay, Isola d'Elba, Ital
The FLASHForward Facility at DESY
The FLASHForward project at DESY is a pioneering plasma-wakefield
acceleration experiment that aims to produce, in a few centimetres of ionised
hydrogen, beams with energy of order GeV that are of quality sufficient to be
used in a free-electron laser. The plasma wave will be driven by high-current
density electron beams from the FLASH linear accelerator and will explore both
external and internal witness-beam injection techniques. The plasma is created
by ionising a gas in a gas cell with a multi-TW laser system, which can also be
used to provide optical diagnostics of the plasma and electron beams due to the
<30 fs synchronisation between the laser and the driving electron beam. The
operation parameters of the experiment are discussed, as well as the scientific
program.Comment: 19 pages, 9 figure
Energy-Spread Preservation and High Efficiency in a Plasma-Wakefield Accelerator
Energy-efficient plasma-wakefield acceleration of particle bunches with low energy spread is a promising path to realizing compact free-electron lasers and particle colliders. High efficiency and low energy spread can be achieved simultaneously by strong beam loading of plasma wakefields when accelerating bunches with carefully tailored current profiles [M. Tzoufras et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 145002 (2008)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.101.145002]. We experimentally demonstrate such optimal beam loading in a nonlinear electron-driven plasma accelerator. Bunches with an initial energy of 1 GeV were accelerated by 45 MeV with an energy-transfer efficiency of (42±4)% at a gradient of 1.3  GV/m while preserving per-mille energy spreads with full charge coupling, demonstrating wakefield flattening at the few-percent level
All-optical density downramp injection in electron-driven plasma wakefield accelerators
Injection of well-defined, high-quality electron populations into plasma waves is a key challenge of plasma wakefield accelerators. Here, we report on the first experimental demonstration of plasma density downramp injection in an electron-driven plasma wakefield accelerator, which can be controlled and tuned in all-optical fashion by mJ-level laser pulses. The laser pulse is directed across the path of the plasma wave before its arrival, where it generates a local plasma density spike in addition to the background plasma by tunnelling ionization of a high ionization threshold gas component. This density spike distorts the plasma wave during the density downramp, causing plasma electrons to be injected into the plasma wave. By tuning the laser pulse energy and shape, highly flexible plasma density spike profiles can be designed, enabling dark current free, versatile production of high-quality electron beams. This in turn permits creation of unique injected beam configurations such as counter-oscillating twin beamlets
High Field Studies of the Hidden Order Transition in URuSi
We studied in detail the low temperature/high magnetic field phases of
URuSi single crystals with specific heat, magnetocaloric effect,
and magnetoresistance in magnetic fields up to 45 T. Data obtained down to 0.5
K, and extrapolated to T = 0, show a suppression of the hidden order phase at
H(0) = 35.9 0.35 T and the appearance of a new phase for magnetic
fields in excess of H(0) = 36.1 0.35 T observed \textit{only} at
temperatures lower than 6 K. In turn, complete suppression of this high field
state is attained at a critical magnetic field H(0) = 39.7 0.35 T.
No phase transitions are observed above 40 T. We discuss our results in the
context of itinerant vs. localized \textit{f}-electron behavior and consider
the implications for the hidden order phase.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures Submitted May 10, 2002. Revised Sep 17, 200
Zoonotic Transfer of Clostridium difficile Harboring Antimicrobial Resistance between Farm Animals and Humans.
The emergence of Clostridium difficile as a significant human diarrheal pathogen is associated with the production of highly transmissible spores and the acquisition of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factors. Unlike the hospital-associated C. difficile RT027 lineage, the community-associated C. difficile RT078 lineage is isolated from both humans and farm animals; however, the geographical population structure and transmission networks remain unknown. Here, we applied whole-genome phylogenetic analysis of 248 C. difficile RT078 strains from 22 countries. Our results demonstrate limited geographical clustering for C. difficile RT078 and extensive coclustering of human and animal strains, thereby revealing a highly linked intercontinental transmission network between humans and animals. Comparative whole-genome analysis reveals indistinguishable accessory genomes between human and animal strains and a variety of antimicrobial resistance genes in the pangenome of C. difficile RT078. Thus, bidirectional spread of C. difficile RT078 between farm animals and humans may represent an unappreciated route disseminating antimicrobial resistance genes between humans and animals. These results highlight the importance of the "One Health" concept to monitor infectious disease emergence and the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes
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