2 research outputs found
Use of Candida rugosa lipase immobilized on sepabeads for the amyl caprylate synthesis: Batch and fluidized bed reactor study
Lipase from Candida rugosa was covalently immobilized on Sepabeads
EC-EP for application for amyl caprylate synthesis in an organic
solvent system. Several solvents were tested in terms of biocatalyst
stability and the best result was obtained with isooctane. The
lipase-catalyzed esterification in the selected system was performed in
batch and fluidized bed reactor systems. The influence of several
important reaction parameters including temperature, initial water
content, enzyme loading, acid/alcohol molar ratio, and time of addition
of molecular sieves is carefully analyzed by means of an experimental
design. Almost complete conversion (> 99%) of the substrate to ester
could be performed in a batch reactor system, using lipase loading as
low as 37 mg g-1 dry support and in a relatively short time (24 hrs) at
37\ub0C, when high initial substrate molar ratio of 2.2 is used.
Kinetics in a fluidized bed reactor system seems to still have a
slightly better profile than in the batch system (90.2% yields after 14
hrs). The fluidized bed reactor operated for up 70 hrs almost with no
loss in productivity, implying that the proposed process and the
immobilized system could provide a promising approach for the amyl
caprylate synthesis at the industrial scale
Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science
One of the central goals in any scientific endeavor is to understand causality. Experiments that seek to demonstrate a cause/effect relation most often manipulate the postulated causal factor. Aarts et al. describe the replication of 100 experiments reported in papers published in 2008 in three high-ranking psychology journals. Assessing whether the replication and the original experiment yielded the same result according to several criteria, they find that about one-third to one-half of the original findings were also observed in the replication study