369 research outputs found

    Modelling the COD Reducing Treatment Processes at Sjölunda WWTP

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    The main focus of this thesis was to evaluate the possibility of establishing a wastewater treatment model for the main COD removal parts in the water line of Sjölunda Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) located in Malmö, in southern Sweden. The finalised model was used to simulate an increased load of on average 5,000 population equivalents (P.E.) per year due to population growth in Malmö. The aim was to investigate for how long the present configuration of Sjölunda WWTP can handle the increased load without deteriorating water quality or enlarging the plant. The third aim was to investigate a possible increase in biogas production due to the increased load. The construction, calibration and simulation of the wastewater treatment model were executed using the DHI software product WEST. The flow and concentration data used was provided by online measurements and lab analysis at Sjölunda WWTP. The four main sections modelled were the iron-based pre-precipitation with pre-settling, the primary clarifiers, the activated sludge lines and the secondary clarifiers. No parts of the waste sludge treatment processes were modelled, instead, the biogas production was analysed using simplified calculations. The calibrated result indicates that it is highly possible to create a wastewater treatment model for the main COD removal parts in the water line for Sjölunda WWTP. The calibrated result for the primary sludge and the waste sludge were difficult to evaluate due to both lack of data from Sjölunda WWTP and data of low quality. The greatest calibration complication was to keep high concentrations for total suspended solids (TSS) and phosphorus (PO3-4-P) in the activated sludge, extensive effort was therefore directed towards solving this complication. The calibrated results for the overflow from the primary clarifiers and the concentrations for total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and COD in the overflow from the secondary clarifiers were considered good calibration results. The results from the increased load simulations indicate that it is only possible to operate Sjölunda WWTP for an additional nine years without deteriorating effluent quality from the secondary clarifiers or enlarging the plant. The total yearly biogas production during year 0 (before the increased load started) was 800,000 Nm3. The total yearly production was on average increased by 47,000 Nm3 each year until the ninth simulation year where the total yearly production had reached a value of 1,220,000 Nm3. It was proposed for future work to continue the development of the wastewater treatment model of Sjölunda WWTP since it was proved to be possible to create a model. Especially well-conducted measuring campaigns were proposed to improve the model significantly and a biogas production study was proposed in order to improve and evaluate the calculations for the biogas production.Summer is just around the corner and soon the beaches will be swarming with people just waiting to dive into the warm clean ocean. But hang on
 clean? Is it really? Are our oceans full of aquatic life thriving in the unpolluted water? Actually, as you probably already know, this is a huge problem! But you can be calm, this article is not here to convince anyone that this is a problem, it is actually here to inform you of the solution! Or at least, a large step into the right direction

    Tension of writing across the curriculum, a subservient and subversive curricular movement, The

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    2020 Summer.Includes bibliographical references.A Writing Across the Curriculum Program (or proponent or article) that does not seek to transform the classroom into a locus of consciousness-raising and liberating education is not one that is in keeping with the original intentions of WAC because it, along with Writing Studies and Rhetoric and Composition, has traditionally worked towards a more socially just academy. Antiracism is of paramount importance to the field of Rhetoric and Composition and, specifically, WAC because engaging in discussions of racial and language diversity is central to the objectives of writing instruction and consistent with the social justice aims of the field of Rhetoric and Composition. The question of whose language is valued and accepted—and, therefore, who is promoted and valued—is at the heart of all these curricular movements. To fail to make strides towards the integration of antiracist pedagogy and theory with WAC is a failure to listen to students and to anticipate their needs. I found that two of the most well-known and regarded WAC-focused journals, The WAC Journal and Across the Disciplines, show a lack of focus on antiracist pedagogy and theory. It appears as though, at least when looking at articles written for these publications from 2015-2019, current scholarship does not create space for antiracist educational pedagogy and theory. Based on the silence surrounding the topic within WAC-focused publications, there seems to be a sort of willful naivety within WAC with regards to social justice. WAC is not considering how it might integrate antiracism within its main publications. To provide an example of a journal that does create space for antiracist educational pedagogy and theory and to ensure my methodological tool could be applied, I selected four articles from Research in the Teaching of English that lent themselves to comparative analysis. Because antiracism is a fundamental shift in how to teach, who to value, what to value, and the way to present ourselves, I make three recommendations for WAC scholars that immediately move to integrate antiracism

    Kyrka, pandemi och digitalisering : Finlands evangelisk-lutherska kyrkas diskurs om digitaliseringsprocesser under coronapandemin pÄ nationell och lokal nivÄ

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    Artikelns mĂ„l Ă€r att analysera Finlands evangelisk-lutherska kyrkas diskurser kring digitala medier under COVID-19-pandemin. Artikeln redogör för de diskursiva formationer som Ă€r grundlĂ€ggande för kyrkans sĂ€tt att förstĂ„ och tala om digitala medier. Detta anvĂ€nds för att förklara kyrkans anammande av digitala verktyg under vĂ„ren 2020 med fokus pĂ„ kyrkans kommunikation pĂ„ nationell och lokal nivĂ„. Materialet som analyseras bestĂ„r av Evangelisk-lutherska kyrkans officiella diskurs bĂ„de före och under coronavĂ„ren (nationell nivĂ„) samt av en intervju utförd Ă„r 2023 med anstĂ€llda vid Åbo svenska församling (lokal nivĂ„). Artikeln visar att kyrkans kommunikation om digitala medier grundar sig i diskursiva formationer som beskriver kyrkan som en essentiell del av samhĂ€llet – en folkkyrka – samtidigt som kyrkan internt reproducerar en diskurs om en existentiell kris. Kyrkan utgĂ„r frĂ„n dessa diskursiva formationer nĂ€r den motiverar sin anvĂ€ndning av digitala medier och hĂ€vdar att det i ett mediemĂ€ttat samhĂ€lle Ă€r nödvĂ€ndigt att utvidga verksamheten till digitala omgivningar. Genom pandemin accentuerades diskursen med en tvĂ„ngsprĂ€gel dĂ€r det upplevdes att inga andra alternativ fanns förutom att ta itu med vissa tekniska lösningar, sĂ„ att kyrkan fortsĂ€ttningsvis kunde ha en aktiv roll i samhĂ€llet under en vĂ€rldsomspĂ€nnande kris. PĂ„ lokal nivĂ„ upplevdes att digitala medier bidrar med goda möjligheter för en expansion av kyrkans kommunikativa rĂ€ckvidd och för kyrkligt deltagande Ă€ven i undantagsförhĂ„llanden, men att de i sitt nulĂ€ge medför en extra arbetsbörda i stĂ€llet för ett vĂ€l integrerat tillĂ€gg. Vissa rituella handlingar, exempelvis nattvarden, upplevs för tillfĂ€llet som omöjliga att fullstĂ€ndigt förverkliga i virtuella omgivningar

    Restoration of a modernistic shopping centre : a design proposal for a square and a street in Finntorp in Nacka municipality as a first step in direction to sustainability

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    Finntorps centrum Ă€r ett lokalt centrum frĂ„n 50- och 60-talet belĂ€get mitt pĂ„ VĂ€stra Sicklaön i Nacka kommun. I Nackas översiktsplan stĂ„r att Sicklaön ska utvecklas till en tĂ€t stad fram till Ă„r 2030. Dock finns inga byggplaner för det nĂ„got eftersatta Finntorps centrum. För att Finntorps centrum inte ska konkurreras ut av Sicklaöns tillkommande centrum Ă€r det dags att börja planera för en upprustning. HĂ„llbarhet Ă€r en inriktning som Nacka Kommun har och som Sverige vill bli vĂ€rldsledande i. Detta examensarbete syftar dĂ€rför till att ta fram ett gestaltningsförslag för Finntorps centrum som utvecklar det mot hĂ„llbarhet. Det gjordes enligt tvĂ„ ramverk pĂ„ Ă€mnet hĂ„llbarhet: PEBOSCA och 12 urbana kvalitetskriterier. Ramverken förutsĂ€tter att det finns kunskap om platsens anvĂ€ndare och hur platsen anvĂ€nds. Denna kunskap samlades in genom metoderna RĂ€kna mĂ€nniskor, StationĂ€ra aktiviteter, Rörelsemönster och intervjuer. Den samlade analysen pekar pĂ„ behovet av att ge bĂ€ttre förutsĂ€ttningar för fotgĂ€ngare och cyklister, av sociala, ekonomiska och ekologiska skĂ€l. Gestaltningsförslaget anpassar dĂ€rför infrastrukturen efter fotgĂ€ngare och cyklister genom ett sammanhĂ€ngande golv för fotgĂ€ngare, cykelfiler, genomgĂ„ende grönska och ytor för sĂ„ vĂ€l lugna som fysiska aktiviteter. Det visar sig att de tvĂ„ ramverken kompletterar varandra vĂ€l, dels dĂ„ PEBOSCA framförallt fokuserar pĂ„ platsens kontext och 12 urbana kvalitetskriterier pĂ„ platsens detaljer, dels dĂ„ Ramverken berör olika hĂ„llbarhetskategorier med endast ett fĂ„tal överlapp. Förhoppningen Ă€r att analysen och gestaltningsförslaget ska bidra med inspiration till Finntorps centrums utveckling.Finntorps centrum is a local centre from the 1950s and the 1960s, located on VĂ€stra Sicklaön in Nacka municipality. It is stated in the general plan of Nacka that Sicklaön will develop into a densely built city until the year of 2030. However, there are no plans for the somewhat neglected centre of Finntorp. In order for the centre of Finntorp not to lose out to the competition from SicklaönÂŽs future development, it is time to start planning for a new design. For the future development of Nacka there is a sustainability direction and Sweden aims to be world leading in working with UNÂŽs sustainability goals. This thesis therefore aims to present a design proposal that develops the centre towards sustainability. To achieve the aim, two frameworks on the subject were used, namely PEBOSCA and 12 urban quality criterias. The frameworks require previous knowledge about the users of the site and how the site is being used. This knowledge was gathered by the methods Counting people, Stationary activities, Movement patterns and interviews. The overall analysis points towards the need for better prerequisites for pedestrians and cyclists due to social, economic and ecological reasons. The design proposal therefore adapts the infrastructure to pedestrians and cyclists by means of coherent paving for pedestrians, bike lanes, pervading greenery and surfaces for calm as well as physical activities. It transpires that the two frameworks complement each other well, partly because of PEBOSCA mainly focusing on the place’s context and 12 urban quality criterias on the place’s details, partly because the frameworks touch different sustainability aspects with only a few overlaps. The hope is that the analysis and the design proposal will contribute to inspire to the development of Finntorps centrum

    Guides for a Course in Houseplanning and Decorating

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    Higher Educatio

    Lighting and perceived safety : lighting design for a part of a forest path in Stadsskogen, Uppsala

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    MÄnga upplever otrygghet nÀr de rör sig utomhus nattetid, inte minst i grönomrÄden. FÄ studier undersöker belysning och upplevd trygghet i skogsstrÄk, dÀrav Àr det relevant att undersöka frÄgorna: Vilka belysningsstrategier kÀnnetecknar upplevd trygghet i skogsstrÄk? Hur kan ett skogsstrÄk i teorin ljusgestaltas för att frÀmja upplevd trygghet? För att besvara första frÄgan gjordes en bakgrund om perception och ljus, följt av en tematisk litteraturöversikt om belysningsstrategier som pÄverkar upplevd trygghet. För att besvara andra frÄgan anvÀndes dataprogram till att ta fram ett ljusgestaltningsförslag för en del av ett skogsstrÄk. Till grund för ljusgestaltningen ligger, förutom litteraturen, tvÄ platsanalysmetoder. Den första ger verktyg för att analysera delstrÄkets utseendemÀssiga egenskaper. Den andra ger verktyg för att koppla utseendemÀssiga egenskaper till upplevd trygghet. Svaret pÄ första frÄgan tyder pÄ att följande aspekter Àr sÀrskilt viktiga beakta vid ljussÀttning i trygghetssyfte: öppenhet, slutenhet, sikt, Ätergivning av omgivningen, ljuskontraster och ljusfÀrg. Vidare bör kombinationen av nÀmnda aspekter sÀkerstÀlla lÀsbarhet och visuell kontroll. Svaret pÄ andra frÄgan Àr att stolpbelysning, LED-bollar, upplysta trÀd, vitt ljus och varma ljusfÀrger Àr lÀmpliga i delstrÄket i syfte att frÀmja den upplevda tryggheten. För att avgöra om en ljusgestaltning ökar den upplevda tryggheten rekommenderas att den omsÀtts i praktiken och testas genom enkÀter.It is common to feel unsafe outdoors during night, not least in green areas. Few publications investigate lighting and perceived safety in forest paths, hence it is relevant to investigate the questions: What lighting strategies characterize perceived safety in forest paths? In theory, how can a forest path be designed with lighting to favor perceived safety? To answer the first question a background about perception and light was made, followed by a thematic literature overview about lighting strategies affecting perceived safety. To answer the second question a lighting design proposal for a part of a forest path was made using software. The lighting design is based, in addition to the literature, on two site-based analysis methods. The first provides tools for analyzing aesthetic qualities. The second aims to connect aesthetic qualities to perceived safety. The answer to the first question suggests that the following aspects are particularly important to consider in a lighting design of a forest path: openness, enclosure, prospect, rendering of the environment, light-dark contrast and color temperature of light. The use of these aspects should assure readability of space and visual control. The answer to the second question suggests that lamp posts, LED-balls, illuminated trees, white light and warm color temperature of light, are suitable for the chosen forest path in order to favor perceived safety. To determine whether a lighting design enhances perceived safety, it is recommended that the lighting design is tested on site by questionnaires

    Purses Through the Ages

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    Ett varumĂ€rke i nya klĂ€der – en studie om KappAhl; ur tvĂ„ perspektiv

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    SAMMANFATTNING Uppsatsens titel: Ett varumĂ€rke i nya klĂ€der – en studie om KappAhl; ur tvĂ„ perspektiv Kurs: SMTX06 – Service Management: Kandidatuppsats, 15 p Författare: Andreas Klingstedt, Philip Persson, Henrik Runnström Handledare: Szilvia Gyimothy och Pavla Kruzela Nyckelord: VarumĂ€rke, VarumĂ€rkeskapital, Positionering, Ompositionering Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats Ă€r att öka förstĂ„elsen för hur ett svenskt detaljhandelsföretag arbetar med en ompositionering, samt att redogöra hur konsumenten uppfattar varumĂ€rket idag, och om man har pĂ„verkats av ompositioneringen. Metod: För att kunna uppnĂ„ vĂ„rt syfte och besvara de frĂ„gestĂ€llningar som vi har valt ska genomsyra vĂ„r uppsats har vi dĂ€rför valt att arbeta med insamlingsmetoder av bĂ„de kvalitativ och kvantitativ karaktĂ€r. Det empiriska materialet har samlats in, dels genom intervjuer (ledningens perspektiv) och dels genom en enkĂ€tundersökning (konsumenternas perspektiv). Teoretiska perspektiv: I vĂ„r teoretiska referensram beskrivs det moderna varumĂ€rket, samt de teoretiska begrepp och modeller för varumĂ€rkeskapital och varumĂ€rkespositionering som ligger till grund för att ett varumĂ€rke ska kunna positionera sig pĂ„ marknaden, och i konsumenternas medvetande. Empiri: I empirin redogörs resultaten av intervjuerna och enkĂ€tundersökningen som sammanstĂ€lls under rubriker som baseras utifrĂ„n vĂ„ra forskningsfrĂ„gor. Resultat: Resultatet visar att en ompositioneringprocess innebĂ€r en lĂ„ngsiktig strategisk fokusering pĂ„ varumĂ€rkets identitet, för att kunna skapa en ny position pĂ„ marknaden, och i konsumentens medvetande. Idag finns det en stor medvetenhet hos konsumenterna, som frĂ€mst förknippar KappAhl med prisvĂ€rdhet och klĂ€der för Ă€ldre. Att KappAhl har förĂ€ndrats Ă€r nĂ„got som uppmĂ€rksammats hos konsumenterna, som frĂ€mst mĂ€rkt av en högre modemedvetenhet och en föryngrad mĂ„lgrupp

    The fluorescent pentameric oligothiophene pFTAA identifies filamentous tau in live neurons cultured from adult P301S tau mice.

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    Identification of fluorescent dyes that label the filamentous protein aggregates characteristic of neurodegenerative disease, such as ÎČ-amyloid and tau in Alzheimer's disease, in a live cell culture system has previously been a major hurdle. Here we show that pentameric formyl thiophene acetic acid (pFTAA) fulfills this function in living neurons cultured from adult P301S tau transgenic mice. Injection of pFTAA into 5-month-old P301S tau mice detected cortical and DRG neurons immunoreactive for AT100, an antibody that identifies solely filamentous tau, or MC1, an antibody that identifies a conformational change in tau that is commensurate with neurofibrillary tangle formation in Alzheimer's disease brains. In fixed cultures of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, pFTAA binding, which also identified AT100 or MC1+ve neurons, followed a single, saturable binding curve with a half saturation constant of 0.14 ÎŒM, the first reported measurement of a binding affinity of a beta-sheet reactive dye to primary neurons harboring filamentous tau. Treatment with formic acid, which solubilizes filamentous tau, extracted pFTAA, and prevented the re-binding of pFTAA and MC1 without perturbing expression of soluble tau, detected using an anti-human tau (HT7) antibody. In live cultures, pFTAA only identified DRG neurons that, after fixation, were AT100/MC1+ve, confirming that these forms of tau pre-exist in live neurons. The utility of pFTAA to discriminate between living neurons containing filamentous tau from other neurons is demonstrated by showing that more pFTAA+ve neurons die than pFTAA-ve neurons over 25 days. Since pFTAA identifies fibrillar tau and other misfolded proteins in living neurons in culture and in animal models of several neurodegenerative diseases, as well as in human brains, it will have considerable application in sorting out disease mechanisms and in identifying disease-modifying drugs that will ultimately help establish the mechanisms of neurodegeneration in human neurodegenerative diseases.This work was funded by grant number NC/L000741/1 from the National Council of the 3Rs (NC3Rs) and Alzheimer's Research UK (ARUK). KPR Nilsson is funded by an ERC Starting Independent Researcher Grant (Project: MUMID, number 260604).This is the final published version of the article. It was originally published in Frontiers in Neuroscience (Brelstaff J, Ossola B, Neher JJ, Klingstedt T, Nilsson KPR, Goedert M, Spillantini MG, Tolkovsky AM, Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2015, 9:184, doi:10.3389/fnins.2015.00184). The final version is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2015.0018

    Optical Structural Analysis of Individual α-Synuclein Oligomers.

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    Small aggregates of misfolded proteins play a key role in neurodegenerative disorders. Such species have proved difficult to study due to the lack of suitable methods capable of resolving these heterogeneous aggregates, which are smaller than the optical diffraction limit. We demonstrate here an all-optical fluorescence microscopy method to characterise the structure of individual protein aggregates based on the fluorescence anisotropy of dyes such as thioflavin-T, and show that this technology is capable of studying oligomers in human biofluids such as cerebrospinal fluid. We first investigated in vitro the structural changes in individual oligomers formed during the aggregation of recombinant α-synuclein. By studying the diffraction-limited aggregates we directly evaluated their structural conversion and correlated this with the potential of aggregates to disrupt lipid bilayers. We finally characterised the structural features of aggregates present in cerebrospinal fluid of Parkinson's disease patients and age-matched healthy controls
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