The Story of Shunzi in Old Uyghur

This paper identifies three manuscript fragments from Turfan as an Old Uyghur version of the story of Shunzi, a medieval Chinese narrative about Emperor Shun acting as a filial son. In China, the story was part of the lore of filial sons (xiaozi), popular throughout most of the dynastic period. Early versions of the Chinese story survive in Japan and Dunhuang, and these display obvious parallels with the Uyghur text. While this allows a positive identification of the content of the three Turfan fragments, the differences reveal that none of the known Chinese versions could have served as the source text for the translation. The Old Uyghur version, therefore, represents an otherwise unattested version of the story, which may have developed among the Uyghurs

Asymmetric line shapes for medium energy H and He ions undergoing a large angle collision

Asymmetric line shapes for medium energy H and He ions backscattered from topmost adatoms such as Si 111 3x 3 Sb and Ni 111 2x2 O are measured by a toroidal electrostatic analyzer with an excellent energy resolution. The spectra exhibit a pronounced asymmetric nature and are well fitted by an exponentially modified Gaussian profile. It is found that the nonperturbative coupled channel calculations reproduce well the observed asymmetric line shapes for He impact on different materials, although slightly overestimate the asymmetry for H impact on Au. On the other hand, the CASP 3.2 program involving additional approximations gives large underestimates for He ions and overestimates for H ions. This problem has been partially solved by modifying the order of the implementation of the shell corrections and higher order effects in the CASP mode

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This study was designed to identify learning strategies that students could use to improve foreign language learning. The purposes of this study were (a) to identify the types of learning strategies used by high school students who were successfur and unsuccessful EFL learners, (b) to discover which strategies were associated with particular language learning activities and whether there were differences in strategy use between successful and unsuccssful EFL learners TEFL, and c to consider the educational implications of this study. Information was collected through questionnaires on the varieties of learning strategies used in different types of language larning activities by EFL students in senior high school. Also correlations between Language Learning Strategies which the students in the study always use and their EFL xchool evaluations were investigated

Quantitative considerations in medium energy ion scattering depth profiling analysis of nanolayers

The high depth resolution capability of medium energy ion scattering (MEIS) is becoming increasingly relevant to the characterisation of nanolayers in e.g. microelectronics. In this paper we examine the attainable quantitative accuracy of MEIS depth profiling. Transparent but reliable analytical calculations are used to illustrate what can ultimately be achieved for dilute impurities in a silicon matrix and the significant element-dependence of the depth scale, for instance, is illustrated this way. Furthermore, the signal intensity-to-concentration conversion and its dependence on the depth of scattering is addressed. Notably, deviations from the Rutherford scattering cross section due to screening effects resulting in a non-coulombic interaction potential and the reduction of the yield owing to neutralization of the exiting, backscattered H+ and He+ projectiles are evaluated. The former mainly affects the scattering off heavy target atoms while the latter is most severe for scattering off light target atoms and can be less accurately predicted. However, a pragmatic approach employing an extensive data set of measured ion fractions for both H+ and He+ ions scattered off a range of surfaces, allows its parameterization. This has enabled the combination of both effects, which provides essential information regarding the yield dependence both on the projectile energy and the mass of the scattering atom. Although, absolute quantification, especially when using He+, may not always be achievable, relative quantification in which the sum of all species in a layer add up to 100%, is generally possible. This conclusion is supported by the provision of some examples of MEIS derived depth profiles of nanolayers. Finally, the relative benefits of either using H+ or He+ ions are briefly considered

Chemically-synthesised, atomically-precise gold clusters deposited and activated on titania

Synchrotron XPS was used to investigate a series of chemically-synthesised, atomically-precise gold clusters Au(n)(PPh₃)(y) (n = 8, 9, 11 and 101, with y depending on cluster size) immobilized on titania nanoparticles. The gold clusters were washed with toluene at 100 °C or calcined at 200 °C to remove the organic ligand. From the position of the Au 4f₇/₂ peak it is concluded that cluster size is not altered through the deposition. From the analysis of the phosphorous spectra, it can be concluded that the applied heat treatment removes the organic ligands. Washing and calcination leads to partial oxidation and partial agglomeration of the clusters. Oxidation of the clusters is most likely due to the interaction of the cluster core with the oxygen of the titania surface after removal of ligands. The position of the Au 4f₇/₂ peak indicates that the size of the agglomerated clusters is still smaller than that of Au₁₀₁.David P. Anderson, Jason F. Alvino, Alexander Gentleman, Hassan Al Qahtani, Lars Thomsen, Matthew I. J. Polson, Gregory F. Metha, Vladimir B. Golovko and Gunther G. Andersso