1,650 research outputs found
Efficient Monte Carlo sampling by parallel marginalization
Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling methods often suffer from long correlation
times. Consequently, these methods must be run for many steps to generate an
independent sample. In this paper a method is proposed to overcome this
difficulty. The method utilizes information from rapidly equilibrating coarse
Markov chains that sample marginal distributions of the full system. This is
accomplished through exchanges between the full chain and the auxiliary coarse
chains. Results of numerical tests on the bridge sampling and
filtering/smoothing problems for a stochastic differential equation are
presented.Comment: 7 figures, 2 figures, PNAS .cls and .sty files, submitted to PNA
"The mad", "the bad", "the victim":gendered constructions of women who kill within the criminal justice system
Women commit significantly fewer murders than men and are perceived to be less violent. This belief about women’s non-violence reflects the discourses surrounding gender, all of which assume that women possess certain inherent essential characteristics such as passivity and gentleness. When women commit murder the fundamental social structures based on appropriate feminine gendered behaviour are contradicted and subsequently challenged. This article will explore the gendered constructions of women who kill within the criminal justice system. These women are labelled as either mad, bad or a victim, by both the criminal justice system and society, depending on the construction of their crime, their gender and their sexuality. Symbiotic to labelling women who kill in this way is the denial of their agency. That is to say that labelling these women denies the recognition of their ability to make a semi-autonomous decision to act in a particular way. It is submitted that denying the agency of these women raises a number of issues, including, but not limited to, maintaining the current gendered status quo within the criminal law and criminal justice system, and justice both being done, and being seen to be done, for these women and their victims
Building a sustainable approach to mental health work in schools
Sustainability is a major challenge to mental health work in schools, and many initiatives started by well-meaning individuals and agencies fade quickly. This paper outlines some key actions that can be taken to ensure that mental health work is sustained, as well as introduced, in schools. These actions include demonstrating that mental health work meets educational goals such as learning and the management of behaviour, using a positive model of mental well-being to which it is easy for those who work in schools to relate, using mentalhealth experts as part of a team, forging alliances with other agencies and working with a whole-school approach. Such approaches are more likely to meet the needs of people with more severe mental problems and provide a more stable platform for specialist interventions than targeted programmes. The paper goes on to suggest some practical steps to sustain work at the school level. These steps include assessing the current position, developing the vision, identifying the gaps, determining readiness and assessing the scene for change, securing consensus, planning the change, establishing criteria, and managing, evaluating and maintaining the change
The Brownian fan
We provide a mathematical study of the modified Diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC)
algorithm introduced in the companion article \cite{DMC}. DMC is a simulation
technique that uses branching particle systems to represent expectations
associated with Feynman-Kac formulae. We provide a detailed heuristic
explanation of why, in cases in which a stochastic integral appears in the
Feynman-Kac formula (e.g. in rare event simulation, continuous time filtering,
and other settings), the new algorithm is expected to converge in a suitable
sense to a limiting process as the time interval between branching steps goes
to 0. The situation studied here stands in stark contrast to the "na\"ive"
generalisation of the DMC algorithm which would lead to an exponential
explosion of the number of particles, thus precluding the existence of any
finite limiting object. Convergence is shown rigorously in the simplest
possible situation of a random walk, biased by a linear potential. The
resulting limiting object, which we call the "Brownian fan", is a very natural
new mathematical object of independent interest.Comment: 53 pages, 2 figures. Formerly 2nd part of arXiv:1207.286
Fast randomized iteration: diffusion Monte Carlo through the lens of numerical linear algebra
We review the basic outline of the highly successful diffusion Monte Carlo
technique commonly used in contexts ranging from electronic structure
calculations to rare event simulation and data assimilation, and propose a new
class of randomized iterative algorithms based on similar principles to address
a variety of common tasks in numerical linear algebra. From the point of view
of numerical linear algebra, the main novelty of the Fast Randomized Iteration
schemes described in this article is that they work in either linear or
constant cost per iteration (and in total, under appropriate conditions) and
are rather versatile: we will show how they apply to solution of linear
systems, eigenvalue problems, and matrix exponentiation, in dimensions far
beyond the present limits of numerical linear algebra. While traditional
iterative methods in numerical linear algebra were created in part to deal with
instances where a matrix (of size ) is too big to store, the
algorithms that we propose are effective even in instances where the solution
vector itself (of size ) may be too big to store or manipulate.
In fact, our work is motivated by recent DMC based quantum Monte Carlo schemes
that have been applied to matrices as large as . We
provide basic convergence results, discuss the dependence of these results on
the dimension of the system, and demonstrate dramatic cost savings on a range
of test problems.Comment: 44 pages, 7 figure
- …