Small scale change in mollusk diversity along a depth gradient in a seagrass bed off Cabo Frio, (Southeast Brazil)

Há pouco conhecimento sobre a comunidade animal em bancos de fanerógamas marinhas no Atlântico sudeste. O presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar e quantificar assembléias de Mollusca nesses habitats únicos, utilizando uma escala espacial sensível suficiente para relacionar mudança na estrutura da assembléia aos gradientes em exposição ao ar/profundidade. O estudo foi realizado em Cabo Frio, no sudeste do Brasil. Delimitou-se uma área de vegetação de Halodule wrightii de 1250 m² (50 m paralelo ao costão × 25 m distância da orla). Foram estabelecidos 26 transectos e realizada a amostragem, de modo a caracterizar e quantificar a malacofauna. A assembléia apresentou uma densidade, densidade de espécies chaves e riqueza média que aumentou sistematicamente ao longo do gradiente orla-mar. Além disso, em escala espacial curta, a assembléia de Mollusca mudou suficientemente que, através de uma ordenação, se detectou diferenças entre assembléias.We know little about animal communities in seagrass beds in the southeast Atlantic. The aim of the current study was to characterize and quantify the mollusk assemblages within these unique tropical seagrass habitats at a spatial scale fine enough to relate change in assemblage structure to gradients in exposure to air/depth. The study was carried out off Cabo Frio, Southeast Brazil. A 1250 m² area vegetated by the seagrass Halodule wrightii was defined (50 m parallel to the shoreline × 25 m distance from the shore margin). Twenty-six transects were established and the sampling carried out in order to characterize and to quantify the associated mollusk fauna. The mollusk assemblage presented overall density, density of key species and mean richness which increased systematically along the onshore-to-offshore gradient. Furthermore over the short spatial distance of the study the mollusk assemblage changed sufficiently for ordination to detect different assemblages

Riqueza, abundância e Distribuição do Gênero Psychotria L. (Rubiaceae) na Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, Manaus - AM /)

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Amargor em plantas antimaláricas utilizadas na região de Barcelos (Amazonas, Brasil).

Neste trabalho foram estudadas as plantas medicinais utilizadas no tratamento da malária e males associados a partir do conhecimento de populações tradicionais da região de Barcelos, no Estado do Amazonas, Brasil

Impacto da legislação na bioprospecção de plantas animaláricas a partir do etnoconhecimento nos estados do Amazonas e Acre.

A ?Rede de pesquisas de compostos químicos vegetais para o controle de malária a partir da etnofarmacologia nos estados do Amazonas e Acre? tem a participação de 11 instituições brasileiras e estuda, a partir do conhecimento de populações tradicionais da região amazônica, plantas antimaláricas com estudos in vitro

Antimalarial plants used by indigenous people of the Upper Rio Negro in Amazonas, Brazil

AbstractEthnopharmacological relevanceThis is the first intercultural report of antimalarial plants in this region. The aim of this study was to document the medicinal plants used against malaria by indigenous people in the Upper Rio Negro region and to review the literature on antimalarial activity and traditional use of the cited species.Materials and methodsParticipant observation, semi-structured interviews, and ethnobotanical walks were conducted with 89 informants in five indigenous communities between April 2010 and November 2013 to obtain information on the use of medicinal plants against malaria. We reviewed academic databases for papers published in scientific journals up to January 2014 in order to find works on ethnopharmacology, ethnobotany, and antimalarial activity of the species cited.ResultsForty-six plant species belonging to 24 families are mentioned. Fabaceae (17.4%), Arecaceae (13.0%) and Euphorbiaceae (6.5%) account together for 36.9% of these species. Only seven plant species showed a relatively high consensus. Among the plant parts, barks (34.0%) and roots (28.0%) were the most widely used. Of the 46 species cited, 18 (39.1%) have already been studied for their antimalarial properties according to the literature, and 26 species (56.5%) have no laboratory essays on antimalarial activity.ConclusionsLocal traditional knowledge of the use of antimalarials is still widespread in indigenous communities of the Upper Rio Negro, where 46 plants species used against malaria were recorded. Our studies highlight promising new plants for future studies: Glycidendron amazonicum, Heteropsis tenuispadix, Monopteryx uaucu, Phenakospermum guianensis, Pouteria ucuqui, Sagotia brachysepala and notably Aspidosperma schultesii, Ampelozizyphus amazonicus, Euterpe catinga, E. precatoria, Physalis angulata, Cocos nucifera and Swartzia argentea with high-use consensus. Experimental validation of these remedies may help in developing new drugs for malaria

FITONÍMIA NHEENGATU DE PLANTAS UTILIZADAS NO TRATAMENTO DA MALÁRIA NO ALTO RIO NEGRO – AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA

O objetivo deste trabalho é o estudo da fitonímia das plantas antimaláricas em Nheengatu por indígenas do Alto rio Negro e verificar se há, no estudo dos fitônimos, informações sobre suas propriedades medicinais ou de princípios ativos. Foram entrevistadas 43 pessoas em quatro comunidades indígenas. Foram analisados 22 fitônimos, pertencentes a 19 espécies, a maioria nativa do domínio fitogeográfico da Amazônia. Os fitônimos foram divididos em quatro grupos: utilidade para o ser humano; utilidade para animais; características morfológicas da planta e de hábitat; mitos. Observou-se que a maioria das plantas é identificada por suas características morfológicas e de utilidade para o homem. A pesquisa demonstra que os fitônimos não possuem significados relevantes relacionados ao uso medicinal

Aceitação de produtos alimentícios elaborados a partir de plantas nativas

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Traditional botanical knowledge: food plants from the Huni Kuĩ indigenous people, Acre, western Brazilian Amazon

Abstract The Kaxinawá indigenous people (auto-identified as the Huni Kuĩ) are native to the western Amazon, on the Brazilian border with Peru, and have an extensive biodiversity-related knowledge, which is parti of a coherent social-ecological system. Our study investigated native knowledge of edible forest plants, in three communities within the Kaxinawá Indigenous Land on the Lower Rio Jordão, Acre state, Brazil. The principal methods used were participant observation, open and semi-structured interviews and walk-in-the-woods. The study recorded 89 native food species. Some 60% are managed in food-production areas, with 56% of the recorded species have received little or no scientific study of their food potential. The role which natural systems play in Huni Kuĩ society is indicated by the management and use of a high diversity of native species, which contributes to food security and nutritional sovereignty. However, there is a progressive under-utilization and substitution of forest species, due to the introduction of cultivated exotic species and the increase in consumption of industrialized products. An enhancement of the value given to native food-plants is needed to encourage continuing autonomy of production, and diet diversification, as well as the conservation of sociobiodiversity of traditional peoples in the Amazon through sustainable management practices of the current social-ecological system