10,105 research outputs found
Nonlocality of Kohn-Sham exchange-correlation fields in dielectrics
The theory of the macroscopic field appearing in the Kohn-Sham
exchange-correlation potential for dielectric materials, as introduced by
Gonze, Ghosez and Godby, is reexamined. It is shown that this Kohn-Sham field
cannot be determined from a knowledge of the local state of the material (local
crystal potential, electric field, and polarization) alone. Instead, it has an
intrinsically nonlocal dependence on the global electrostatic configuration.
For example, it vanishes in simple transverse configurations of a polarized
dielectric, but not in longitudinal ones.Comment: 4 pages, two-column style with 2 postscript figures embedded. Uses
REVTEX and epsf macros. Also available at
http://www.physics.rutgers.edu/~dhv/preprints/index.html#dv_gg
Hydrolytic Degradation of Polylactic Acid Fibers as a Function of pH and Exposure Time
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a widely used bioresorbable polymer in medical devices owing to its biocompatibility, bioresorbability, and biodegradability. It is also considered a sustainable solution for a wide variety of other applications, including packaging. Because of its widespread use, there have been many studies evaluating this polymer. However, gaps still exist in our understanding of the hydrolytic degradation in extreme pH environments and its impact on physical and mechanical properties, especially in fibrous materials. The goal of this work is to explore the hydrolytic degradation of PLA fibers as a function of a wide range of pH values and exposure times. To complement the experimental measurements, molecular-level details were obtained using both molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with ReaxFF and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The hydrolytic degradation of PLA fibers from both experiments and simulations was observed to have a faster rate of degradation in alkaline conditions, with 40% of strength loss of the fibers in just 25 days together with an increase in the percent crystallinity of the degraded samples. Additionally, surface erosion was observed in these PLA fibers, especially in extreme alkaline environments, in contrast to bulk erosion observed in molded PLA grafts and other materials, which is attributed to the increased crystallinity induced during the fiber spinning process. These results indicate that spun PLA fibers function in a predictable manner as a bioresorbable medical device when totally degraded at end-of-life in more alkaline conditions
A Tumbling Top-Quark Condensate Model
We propose a renormalizable model with no fundamental scalars which breaks
itself in the manner of a "tumbling" gauge theory down to the standard model
with a top-quark condensate. Because of anomaly cancellation requirements, this
model contains two color sextet fermions (quixes), which are vector-like with
respect to the standard model gauge group. The model also has a large number of
pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone bosons, some of which can be light. The top-quark
condensate is responsible for breaking the electroweak gauge symmetry and gives
the top quark a large mass. We discuss the qualitative features and instructive
shortcomings of the model in its present form. We also show that this model can
be naturally embedded into an aesthetically pleasing model in which the
standard model fermion families appear symmetrically.Comment: 16 pages. v2: TeX formatting fixed, no other change
Alpha particle production by molecular single-particle effect in reactions of Be just above the Coulomb barrier
The -particle production in the dissociation of Be on
Bi and Zn at energies just above the Coulomb barrier is studied
within the two-center shell model approach. The dissociation of Be on
Bi is caused by a molecular single-particle effect (Landau-Zener
mechanism) before the nuclei reach the Coulomb barrier. Molecular
single-particle effects do not occur at that stage of the collision for
Be+Zn, and this explains the absence of fusion suppression
observed for this system. The polarisation of the energy level of the last
neutron of Be and, therefore the existence of avoided crossings with that
level, depends on the structure of the target.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Density-Polarization Functional Theory of the response of a periodic insulating solid to an electric field.
The response of an infinite, periodic, insulating, solid to an
infinitesimally small electric field is investigated in the framework of
Density Functional Theory. We find that the applied perturbing potential is not
a unique functional of the periodic density change~: it depends also on the
change in the macroscopic {\em polarization}. Moreover, the dependence of the
exchange-correlation energy on polarization induces an exchange-correlation
electric field. These effects are exhibited for a model semiconductor. We also
show that the scissor-operator technique is an approximate way of bypassing
this polarization dependence.Comment: 11 pages, 1 Fig
Universality of low-energy scattering in (2+1) dimensions
We prove that, in (2+1) dimensions, the S-wave phase shift, , k
being the c.m. momentum, vanishes as either as . The constant is universal and .
This result is established first in the framework of the Schr\"odinger equation
for a large class of potentials, second for a massive field theory from proved
analyticity and unitarity, and, finally, we look at perturbation theory in
and study its relation to our non-perturbative result. The
remarkable fact here is that in n-th order the perturbative amplitude diverges
like as , while the full amplitude vanishes as . We show how these two facts can be reconciled.Comment: 23 pages, Late
Amplification by stochastic interference
A new method is introduced to obtain a strong signal by the interference of
weak signals in noisy channels. The method is based on the interference of 1/f
noise from parallel channels. One realization of stochastic interference is the
auditory nervous system. Stochastic interference may have broad potential
applications in the information transmission by parallel noisy channels
Structural Design, Fabrication and Evaluation of Resorbable Fiber-Based Tissue Engineering Scaffolds
The use of tissue engineering to regenerate viable tissue relies on selecting the appropriate cell line, developing a resorbable scaffold and optimizing the culture conditions including the use of biomolecular cues and sometimes mechanical stimulation. This review of the literature focuses on the required scaffold properties, including the polymer material, the structural design, the total porosity, pore size distribution, mechanical performance, physical integrity in multiphase structures as well as surface morphology, rate of resorption and biocompatibility. The chapter will explain the unique advantages of using textile technologies for tissue engineering scaffold fabrication, and will delineate the differences in design, fabrication and performance of woven, warp and weft knitted, braided, nonwoven and electrospun scaffolds. In addition, it will explain how different types of tissues can be regenerated by each textile technology for a particular clinical application. The use of different synthetic and natural resorbable polymer fibers will be discussed, as well as the need for specialized finishing techniques such as heat setting, cross linking, coating and impregnation, depending on the tissue engineering application
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