Nuclear reactor power as applied to a space-based radar mission

The SP-100 Project was established to develop and demonstrate feasibility of a space reactor power system (SRPS) at power levels of 10's of kilowatts to a megawatt. To help determine systems requirements for the SRPS, a mission and spacecraft were examined which utilize this power system for a space-based radar to observe moving objects. Aspects of the mission and spacecraft bearing on the power system were the primary objectives of this study; performance of the radar itself was not within the scope. The study was carried out by the Systems Design Audit Team of the SP-100 Project

Efektivitas Pemanfaatan Limbah Tahu Cair Melalui Metode Frekuensi Waktu Penyiraman terhadap Pertumbuhan Produksi Rumput Gajah (Pennisetum purpureum)

This research was conducted in the experimental garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Timor, Sasi, North Central Timor Regency. The research will last for 1 production period (45 HST), from the end of March to the beginning of June 2019. The purpose of this study is to analyze the value of growth and production of Pennisetum purpureum treated with frequency of time watering liquid tofu waste. This research is an experimental study using a randomized design Complete (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 4 replications so that there are 16 units of the experimental unit. The treatments tested consisted of: R0 = Without watering tofu waste, R1 = Frequency of watering once every 2 days, R2 = Frequency of watering once every 4 days, R3 = Frequency of watering once every 6 days. The variables observed in this study were plant height, stem diameter, leaf fresh weight and leaf dry weight. The results showed that giving treatment of the frequency of time of watering the liquid tofu waste, had a significant effect on the fresh weight of leaves produced but did not differ on plant height of stem diameter and dry weight produced. It could be concluded that liquid tofu waste with good watering time frequency was found in the treatment R1 which is 2 days, liquid tofu waste has the ability to improve soil texture and can stimulate the growth of Pennisetum purpureum in this case the growth of plant height, stem diameter, leaf fresh weight, and leaf dry weight.Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kebun percobaan Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Timor, Kelurahan Sasi, Kecamatan Kota, Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara. Penelitian berlangsung selama 1 periode produksi (45 HST) yaitu dari akhir Maret sampai awal juni 2019. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis nilai pertumbuhan dan produksi rumput gajah yang diberi perlakuan frekuensi waktu penyiraman limbah tahu cair. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan sehingga terdapat 16 unit satuan percobaan. Perlakuan yang diuji terdiri dari: R0 = Tanpa penyiraman limbah tahu, R1=Frekuensi penyiraman 2 hari sekali, R2= Frekuensi penyiraman 4 hari sekali, R3= Frekuensi penyiraman 6 hari sekali. Variabel yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, berat segar daun dan berat kering daun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian perlakuan frekuensi waktu penyiraman limbah tahu cair, memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap berat segar daun yang di hasilkan namun tidak berbeda terhadap tinggi tanaman diameter batang dan berat kering yang dihasilkan. Disimpulkan bahwa limbah tahu cair dengan frekuensi waktu penyiraman yang baik terdapat pada perlakuan R1 yaitu 2 hari sekali, limbah tahu cair memiliki kemampuan untuk memperbaiki tekstur tanah dan dapat merangsang pertumbuhan rumput gajah dalam hal ini pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, berat segar daun, dan berat kering daun

2-(1,3-Benzoxazol-2-ylsulfan­yl)-1-phenyl­ethanone

In the title compound, C15H11NO2S, a new thio-benzoxazole derivative, the dihedral angle between the benzoxazole ring and the phenyl ring is 9.91 (9)°. An inter­esting feature of the crystal structure is the short C⋯S [3.4858 (17) Å] contact, which is shorter than the sum of the van der Waals radii of these atoms. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are linked together by zigzag inter­molecular C—H⋯N inter­actions into a column along the a axis. The crystal structure is further stabilized by inter­molecular π–π inter­actions [centroid–centroid = 3.8048 (10) Å]

Associations between breast cancer subtype and neighborhood socioeconomic and racial composition among Black and White women

PURPOSE: Studies of Black-White differences in breast cancer subtype often emphasize potential ancestry-associated genetic or lifestyle risk factors without fully considering how the social or economic implications of race in the U.S. may influence risk. We assess whether neighborhood racial composition and/or socioeconomic status are associated with odds of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) diagnosis relative to the less-aggressive hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative subtype (HR+ /HER-), and whether the observed relationships vary across women\u27s race and age groups. METHODS: We use multilevel generalized estimating equation models to evaluate odds of TNBC vs. HR+ /HER2- subtypes in a population-based cohort of 7291 Black and 74,208 White women diagnosed with breast cancer from 2006 to 2014. Final models include both neighborhood-level variables, adjusting for individual demographics and tumor characteristics. RESULTS: Relative to the HR+ /HER- subtype, we found modestly lower odds of TNBC subtype among White women with higher neighborhood median household income (statistically significant within the 45-64 age group, OR = 0.981 per $10,000 increase). Among Black women, both higher neighborhood income and higher percentages of Black neighborhood residents were associated with lower odds of TNBC relative to HR+ /HER2-. The largest reduction was observed among Black women diagnosed at age ≥ 65 (OR = 0.938 per$10,000 increase; OR = 0.942 per 10% increase in Black residents). CONCLUSION: The relationships between neighborhood composition, neighborhood socioeconomic status, and odds of TNBC differ by race and age. Racially patterned social factors warrant further exploration in breast cancer subtype disparities research

2-(1,3-Benzothia­zol-2-ylsulfan­yl)-1-phenyl­ethanone

In the mol­ecule of the title compound, C15H11NOS2, the 1,3-benzothia­zole ring is oriented at a dihedral angle of 6.61 (6)° with respect to the phenyl ring. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions link the mol­ecules in a herring-bone arrangement along the b axis and π–π contacts between the thia­zole and phenyl rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.851 (1) Å] may further stabilize the structure

Ligand-Bound GeneSwitch Causes Developmental Aberrations in Drosophila that Are Alleviated by the Alternative Oxidase

Culture of Drosophila expressing the steroid-dependent GeneSwitch transcriptional activator under the control of the ubiquitous -tubulin promoter was found to produce extensive pupal lethality, as well as a range of dysmorphic adult phenotypes, in the presence of high concentrations of the inducing drug RU486. Prominent among these was cleft thorax, seen previously in flies bearing mutant alleles of the nuclear receptor Ultraspiracle and many other mutants, as well as notched wings, leg malformations, and bristle abnormalities. Neither the -tubulin-GeneSwitch driver nor the inducing drug on their own produced any of these effects. A second GeneSwitch driver, under the control of the daughterless promoter, which gave much lower and more tissue-restricted transgene expression, exhibited only mild bristle abnormalities in the presence of high levels of RU486. Coexpression of the alternative oxidase (AOX) from Ciona intestinalis produced a substantial shift in the developmental outcome toward a wild-type phenotype, which was dependent on the AOX expression level. Neither an enzymatically inactivated variant of AOX, nor GFP, or the alternative NADH dehydrogenase Ndi1 from yeast gave any such rescue. Users of the GeneSwitch system should be aware of the potential confounding effects of its application in developmental studies.Peer reviewe

2-(Benzo[d]thia­zol-2-ylsulfon­yl)-1-(4-bromo­phen­yl)ethanone

In the title mol­ecule, C15H10BrNO3S2, the dihedral angle between the benzothia­zole ring system and the benzene ring is 67.57 (12)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions. In addition, there is an inter­molecular Br⋯C [3.379 (3) Å] contact which is shorter than the sum of the van der Waals radii of these atoms

Conformational effects on the Circular Dichroism of Human Carbonic Anhydrase II: a multilevel computational study

Circular Dichroism (CD) spectroscopy is a powerful method for investigating conformational changes in proteins and therefore has numerous applications in structural and molecular biology. Here a computational investigation of the CD spectrum of the Human Carbonic Anhydrase II (HCAII), with main focus on the near-UV CD spectra of the wild-type enzyme and it seven tryptophan mutant forms, is presented and compared to experimental studies. Multilevel computational methods (Molecular Dynamics, Semiempirical Quantum Mechanics, Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory) were applied in order to gain insight into the mechanisms of interaction between the aromatic chromophores within the protein environment and understand how the conformational flexibility of the protein influences these mechanisms. The analysis suggests that combining CD semi empirical calculations, crystal structures and molecular dynamics (MD) could help in achieving a better agreement between the computed and experimental protein spectra and provide some unique insight into the dynamic nature of the mechanisms of chromophore interactions

Extracellular Matrix Aggregates from Differentiating Embryoid Bodies as a Scaffold to Support ESC Proliferation and Differentiation

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have emerged as potential cell sources for tissue engineering and regeneration owing to its virtually unlimited replicative capacity and the potential to differentiate into a variety of cell types. Current differentiation strategies primarily involve various growth factor/inducer/repressor concoctions with less emphasis on the substrate. Developing biomaterials to promote stem cell proliferation and differentiation could aid in the realization of this goal. Extracellular matrix (ECM) components are important physiological regulators, and can provide cues to direct ESC expansion and differentiation. ECM undergoes constant remodeling with surrounding cells to accommodate specific developmental event. In this study, using ESC derived aggregates called embryoid bodies (EB) as a model, we characterized the biological nature of ECM in EB after exposure to different treatments: spontaneously differentiated and retinoic acid treated (denoted as SPT and RA, respectively). Next, we extracted this treatment-specific ECM by detergent decellularization methods (Triton X-100, DOC and SDS are compared). The resulting EB ECM scaffolds were seeded with undifferentiated ESCs using a novel cell seeding strategy, and the behavior of ESCs was studied. Our results showed that the optimized protocol efficiently removes cells while retaining crucial ECM and biochemical components. Decellularized ECM from SPT EB gave rise to a more favorable microenvironment for promoting ESC attachment, proliferation, and early differentiation, compared to native EB and decellularized ECM from RA EB. These findings suggest that various treatment conditions allow the formulation of unique ESC-ECM derived scaffolds to enhance ESC bioactivities, including proliferation and differentiation for tissue regeneration applications. © 2013 Goh et al

ATPase activity of DFCP1 controls selective autophagy

Cellular homeostasis is governed by removal of damaged organelles and protein aggregates by selective autophagy mediated by cargo adaptors such as p62/SQSTM1. Autophagosomes can assemble in specialized cup-shaped regions of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) known as omegasomes, which are characterized by the presence of the ER protein DFCP1/ZFYVE1. The function of DFCP1 is unknown, as are the mechanisms of omegasome formation and constriction. Here, we demonstrate that DFCP1 is an ATPase that is activated by membrane binding and dimerizes in an ATP-dependent fashion. Whereas depletion of DFCP1 has a minor effect on bulk autophagic flux, DFCP1 is required to maintain the autophagic flux of p62 under both fed and starved conditions, and this is dependent on its ability to bind and hydrolyse ATP. While DFCP1 mutants defective in ATP binding or hydrolysis localize to forming omegasomes, these omegasomes fail to constrict properly in a size-dependent manner. Consequently, the release of nascent autophagosomes from large omegasomes is markedly delayed. While knockout of DFCP1 does not affect bulk autophagy, it inhibits selective autophagy, including aggrephagy, mitophagy and micronucleophagy. We conclude that DFCP1 mediates ATPase-driven constriction of large omegasomes to release autophagosomes for selective autophagy