How to Form the Knowledge that Marketers Need? An Approach for Marketers to SMEs

International audienceTraditionally, the formula for knowledge consists of belief and truth. The key challenge behind this is to understand how a marketer can benefit from this knowledge. Like the traditional Chinese saying, the reason a ship floats or sinks is the same, it is because of water. Similarly, the success or failure of a marketing campaign depends on knowledge. For a marketer, useful knowledge is the combination between the truth and the customer " s belief

Electrochemical Oxidation and Determination of Antiviral Drug Acyclovir by Modified Carbon Paste Electrode With Magnetic CdO Nanoparticles

With the development of nanomaterials in electrochemical sensors, the use of nanostructures to modify the electrode surface has been shown to improve the kinetics of the electron transfer process. In this study, a sensor was developed for the electrochemical determination of Acyclovir (ACV) based on the modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) by CdO/Fe3O4. The magnetic CdO nanoparticles characterization was studied by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). To study of the modified CPE surface morphology, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used. At the optimal conditions, a noteworthy enhancement in the electrochemical behavior of ACV was observed at the surface of the modified CPE compared to the unmodified CPE. A detection limit of 300 nM and a linear range of 1�100 μM were obtained for the quantitative monitoring of ACV at the modified CPE surface using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) in phosphate buffer. The RSD (relative standard deviation) of the electrode response was <4.3 indicating the development of a high precision method. Also, satisfactory results were obtained in the determination of ACV with the modified electrode in tablet, blood serum, and urine samples with a satisfactory relative recovery (RR) in the range of 94.0�104.4. © Copyright © 2020 Naghian, Marzi Khosrowshahi, Sohouli, Pazoki-Toroudi, Sobhani-Nasab, Rahimi-Nasrabadi and Ahmadi

Preparing construction supply chains for blockchain technology:An investigation of its potential and future directions

Blockchain, a peer-to-peer, controlled, distributed database structure, has the potential to profoundly affect current business transactions in the construction industry through smart contracts, cryptocurrencies, and reliable asset tracking. The construction industry is often criticized for being slow in embracing emerging technologies and not effectively diffusing them through its supply chains. Often, the extensive fragmentation, traditional procurement structures, destructive competition, lack of collaboration and transparency, low-profit margins, and human resources are shown as the main culprits for this. As blockchain technology makes its presence felt strongly in many other industries like finance and banking, this study investigates the preparation of construction supply chains for blockchain technology through an explorative analysis. Empirical data for the study were collected through semistructured interviews with 17 subject experts. Alongside presenting a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis (SWOT), the study exhibits the requirements for and steps toward a construction supply structure facilitated by blockchain technology

Fabrication of an electrochemical mesalazine sensor based on ZIF-67

This paper describes the application of ZIF-67 nanoparticles for carbon paste electrode (CPE) modification for sensitive voltammetric detection of mesalazine (MSA). The characterization of as-synthesized ZIF-67 nanoparticles was investigated by different techniques. Furthermore, the electrochemical behavior of the modified CPE (MCPE) was investigated using EIS (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) and CV (cyclic voltammetry) methods. The results showed an irreversible oxidation peak for MSA around 0.540 V vs. the Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The curve of the peak current of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) vs MSA concentration was linear in the range of 0.03�50 μM with a detection limit of 0.01 µM. The prepared sensor presents good repeatability with acceptable relative standard deviation (RSD) values. Finally, the prepared electrode was successfully used in human serum and urine as real samples. © 2020 Elsevier Lt

Electrochemical sensor based on modified methylcellulose by graphene oxide and Fe3O4 nanoparticles: Application in the analysis of uric acid content in urine

The modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with a coating containing methylcellulose/graphene oxide/iron oxide nano hydrogel (MC-GO-Fe3O4) has been developed to design a high-performance electrochemical bioassay system. The influence of each component of the modifier was investigated separately. This comparison showed that exist of all components in modification has a synergistic effect. MC-GO-Fe3O4 nanocomposite has a larger surface area and provides a more fine-grained media to facilitate electron transfer during the reaction between analyte and electrode. The modified GCE was used for the electrooxidation of uric acid (UA) as a model analyte by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques. It exhibits a diffusion-controlled process with a two-electron, two-proton transfer reaction. The ability of the developed electrode to measure UA was studied and it has been found a linear dependence on UA concentration with a linear amplitude of 0.5�140 μM and a limit of detection of 0.17 μM. According to the results, the GCE|MC-GO-Fe3O4 provides an accurate and precise assay pathway of UA in the urine sample. © 2020 Elsevier B.V

Sensitive sensor based on TiO2NPs nano-composite for the rapid analysis of Zolpidem, a psychoactive drug with cancer-causing potential

In the present study, a sensitive and specific electrochemical sensor is developed based on titanium dioxide and ionic liquid nano-composite (TiO2NPs/IL) for the measurement of Zolpidem (ZLP) as a hypnotic and sleep-promoting drug. The nano-composite provides high surface area and catalytic ability in ZLP oxidation at the modified carbon paste electrode (CPE). The obtained results of the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) method reflect a wide linear range (0.1−90 μM) and an unprecedented limit of detection (LOD = 33 nM) for the ZLP sensor comparable with previously reported methods. The TiO2NPs/IL/CPE remarkably enriched the electrochemical response to ZLP oxidation and it has good stability, repeatability, and reproducibility. The TiO2NPs/IL/CPE is mechanically stable, cost-effective and simple, with suitable electrochemical and adsorption properties in comparison to the pencil graphite electrode (PGE) and glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The potential applicability of the sensor was successfully applied for distinguishing the ZLP in human plasma and drug formulation samples. © 202

A new electrochemical sensor for the detection of fentanyl lethal drug by a screen-printed carbon electrode modified with the open-ended channels of Zn(ii)-MOF

Fentanyl is a potent, effective analgesic and narcotic drug widely used for anesthesia and chronic pain control. In this study, a simple electrochemical method for the detection of fentanyl in aqueous solutions was developed. The modification of a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) was performed by casting a metal-organic framework (MOF) on its surface. The characterization of the zinc-based MOF (Zn(ii)-MOF) modifier was investigatedviascanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique was used for evaluating the fentanyl electrochemical behavior on the electrodes. The optimum experimental conditions were investigated by examining the effects of the scan rate and pH on the cyclic voltammetry (CV) and DPV responses, respectively. The results showed that fentanyl has an irreversible behavior at the potential of 0.9 V and its current increases in the presence of MOF. The application of the presented electrode with the DPV method showed a detection limit of 0.3 μM in the concentration range of 1-100 μM (linear range) for the fentanyl in an aqueous solution. The modified electrode was successfully used to determine the low levels of fentanyl in urine and plasma as the real samples. © The Royal Society of Chemistry and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 2020