Awareness and attitude of parents toward pediatric dental treatment under general anesthesia

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Dental treatment under general anesthesia is critical for non-cooperative, low aged, and special needs’ children. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge and attitude of parents about pediatric dental treatment under general anesthesia. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study among 100 parents of children who were referred to Babol School of Dentistry (Roohani Hospital) and Babol clinic Hospital, Iran, in 2012-2013 for dental treatment under general anesthesia. The questionnaire contained questions assessing the reasons for choosing dental treatment under general anesthesia, and the advantages and disadvantages of this method of treatment and parental satisfaction. The form was completed by the parents. Data were reported using descriptive statistics and analyzed by the Spearman correlation coefficient. RESULTS: In this study, a questionnaire survey showed that the majority of parents were concerned about the health of their children and despite having some degree of awareness about side effects of general anesthesia and its high cost, they expressed a positive view toward that. A reduction of fear and anxiety and the possibility of performing several treatments in one session are among the benefits of this method. Non-cooperative children of low age with a high number of dental caries are the main recipients of this treatment method. This method was introduced to the majority of parents by the dentist treating their children. CONCLUSION: This study showed parents accepted the costs and risks of this approach to maintain the oral health of their children after it was recommended by the pediatrician. Therefore, with sufficient awareness of society toward this treatment option, we can improve children’s oral health and performance. KEYWORDS: General Anesthesia, Parental Attitudes, Parental Awareness, Pediatric Dental Treatmen

Effects of Sucrose, Skim Milk and Yeast Powder on Survival of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Encapsulated with Alginate during One-week Storage at room Conditions

Background and Objective: During the manufacture and storage of probiotic products, there are always possibilities that probiotics be exposed to harmful stresses such as high temperature, low pH, various osmotic pressures and high oxygen levels, which can decrease the number of living cells. Encapsulation is one of the methods used to protect living cells such as probiotic bacteria from environmental challenges. Up-to-date, various compounds with abilities to protect bacteria during freeze-drying and to increase viability during storage have been identified. In this study, alginate with calcium chloride was used to encapsulate probiotic bacteria using extrusion method. Then, effects of sucrose and skim milk as cryoprotectants and yeast powder containing beta-glucan as prebiotic on the survival of these bacteria were investigated. Material and Methods: The Homogeneous solution of bacteria with alginate and cry protectants were manually extruded into a calcium chloride solution. After 30 min of agitation, shaped beads were separated. For the comparison, bacterial population were enumerated in the primary culture, after encapsulation, freeze-drying and 1 week of storage at room conditions (N0, N, NF and N1w, respectively). To assess colony-forming unit per ml of the samples, first 1 g of fresh beads was dissolved in 9 ml of trisodium citrate and then serial dilution and pour plate techniques were carried out. Plates were incubated for 24-48 h and colonies were counted. Results and Conclusion: Results showed that encapsulation of bacteria with alginate and calcium chloride alone was 51% effective while use of yeast powder and sucrose with alginate increased the encapsulation efficiency to 97 and 99%, respectively. Furthermore, use of skim milk with alginate and sucrose resulted in the highest survival rate after 1 week of storage at room conditions. Therefore, encapsulation of probiotic bacteria with alginate layer and yeast powder containing prebiotics, sucrose and skim milk can be effective in survival of these bacteria. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest

DIFFERENCES AND RELATIONSHIPS ON SELF-EFFICIENCY AND DISCIPLINE CHARACTER OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

Currently, students' self-efficacy and discipline are very important, especially at the high school level to help students improve their learning abilities. This study aims to answer the research question, namely how the results of descriptive statistics on self-efficacy variables and the disciplinary character of high school students in physics subjects. Are there differences and relationships between self-efficacy and the disciplinary character of physics high school students? The method used in this study is a mixed method. The research results are based on the t test which states that the comparative data is smaller than 0.05 and the correlation test which states the data results are smaller than 0.05. The conclusion of this study is the difference and relationship between self-efficacy and character discipline of students at Senior high school 5 Jambi City and Alberta High School Diploma in physics subjects. The update of this research is that knowing the relationship between self-efficacy and disciplinary character can be used as a source of good research in the future and for teachers and schools at the high school level. This research is limited by high school level and physics subjects

A comparative study on hypoglycemic properties, lipid profile and bioactive components of hydro-alcoholic extracts of cooked and raw Brassica napus.

Introduction: Many plants with anti-oxidant properties proved to be effective on diabetes treatment. Brassica napus (turnip) is an anti-oxidant plant consumed raw or cooked. In this study, we examined and compared hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties of raw and cooked Brassica napus in diabetic rats. Objectives: Due to measuring bioactive component of Brassica napus as a rich source of flavonoid we investigate the hypoglycemic properties in raw and cooked type. Material and Methods: For this experimental study, 50 male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were designated into five groups of 10 consist of control, diabetic control, diabetic cooked turnip, diabetic raw turnip, and diabetic glibenclamide. The alloxan-induced diabetic rats received extracts orally for 4 weeks. Then, the serum biochemical factors were measured and compared statisticaly by analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Results: Serum glucose, triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly decreased in cooked and raw turnip rats compared to control ones. Cooked and raw Brassica napus extracts both helped high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increase; cooked turnip competency was superior in view of cholesterol and LDL-C decrease as well as HDL-C increase (P < 0.05). The mean difference in glucose and TG decrease was not significant between diabetic cooked turnip and diabetic raw turnip rats. Conclusion: Improving the blood glucose and lipid levels diabetic rats, in this study, may indicate that both raw and cooked Brassica napus extracts (especially the cooked one) may be beneficial in diabetic patients

Investigation of Wind Energy Potential Evaluation in Kerman, Iran

Energy consumption trend has been very rapid and alarming in recent years. This trend in developing countries and in particular in Iran is much higher than the global average. An accepted fact is that the world required energy is growing rapidly for societies and we also have cheap fossil energy sources that certainly, in a few decades will be finished but slowly. Human should use of clean and renewable energy for keeping these valuable fossil resources to future generation and prevent than environmental damages that created by these resources and answer to increased demand for energy. In this study we will review of wind energy potential evaluation in Kerman

Investigation of Wind Energy Potential Evaluation in Kerman, Iran

Energy consumption trend has been very rapid and alarming in recent years. This trend in developing countries and in particular in Iran is much higher than the global average. An accepted fact is that the world required energy is growing rapidly for societies and we also have cheap fossil energy sources that certainly, in a few decades will be finished but slowly. Human should use of clean and renewable energy for keeping these valuable fossil resources to future generation and prevent than environmental damages that created by these resources and answer to increased demand for energy. In this study we will review of wind energy potential evaluation in Kerman

Blueberries infected with the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum fioriniae release odors that repel Drosophila suzukii

Spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, is a serious pest of thin-skinned fruits. Alternative methods to control this pest are needed to reduce insecticide use, including new repellents. Previous research demonstrated that D. suzukii adults use odor cues to avoid blueberries infected with the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum fioriniae, which causes the disease anthracnose. To identify novel D. suzukii repellents, we investigated the volatile emission from experimentallyinfected fruit, which were inoculated with C. fioriniae isolates in the laboratory, and from field-collected fruit, which were naturally infected and harvested from a field. We then tested the pathogen-induced volatiles on D. suzukii adult behavior.hanks to Arthur Rudolph for his help operating the GC–MS during pandemic work restrictions, Chelsea Abegg for providing field-collected blueberry fruit infected with anthracnose, to Mustafa Wasti, Robert Holdcraft, and Vera Kyryczenko-Roth for technical assistance. Authors CCR and JJB were supported by USDA ARS CRIS 6036-224300-001-000D and CR-S and AQ were supported by USDA SCRI 2020-51181-32140, The Sridhar Polavarapu Memorial Endowment for Vaccinium Research, and USDA Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (grant no. LNE22-455R).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A Deliberation on the Agreement between Shams Tabrizi’s and Muhammad Ghazali’s Ideas on Kalam

In discussions about kalam, usually the cases in which the viewpoints of a speaker and a well-known mystic and scholar are in complete accordance with each other are almost very rare. There are significant similarities between Imam Muhammad Ghazali’s and Shams Tabrizi’s verbal ideas that have been unnoticed from the sight of researchers and have remained understudied. In this study, the researchers have enumerated their views of kalam and then determined their accordance with each other. One of the findings of this study is the indication of the accordance of Shams’s and Ghazali’s thoughts about “faith” with each other, as both of them have valued faith in heart over faith in words, and basically, in higher level, count that as acceptance in heart. Moreover, they both believe that there is no direct relationship between faith and miracle, but that true faith relies on having special qualifications. Also, in the discussion of “predestination and free will”, they have widely criticized the arguments of both absolute determinists and libertarians, pursuing a way to build the basis of their own system of thought. Furthermore, in the discussion of “temporality and eternity” considering the nature and attributes of God, neither of them believe in any separation between the nature of God and his attributes. Also, about “vision” of God, they both try to prove this claim that vision of God does not entail any quantification or embodiment for the holy nature of God