Seroepidemiology of Toxocara canis Infection in 2-14 years old Children Referred to Health Care Centers of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province by ELISA Method in 2014

چکیده زمینه و هدف: توکسوکاریازیس عارضه بالینی است که عموما بر اثر استقرار لاروهای مرحله دوم گروهی از نماتودهای حیوانی در بافت‌های بدن انسان ایجاد می‌شود. انسان با خوردن تخم انگل به بیماری لاروهای مهاجر به اشکال مختلف شامل لاروهای مهاجر احشایی، لاروهای مهاجر چشمی، لاروهای مهاجر مغزی و توکسوکاریازیس مخفی مبتلا می‌شود. ، مطالعه حاضر به منظور تعیین شیوع سرمی عفونت توکسوکار‌ا‌ کنیس در کودکان 14-2 ساله استان چهارمحال‌ و بختیاری در سال 1393 انجام گرفت. مواد و روش‌ها: در این مطالعه توصیفی– تحلیلی 552 نمونه از کودکان 14-2 ساله استان چهارمحال‌ و بختیاری به روش غیر تصادفی سهمیه‌ای انتخاب شدند. نمونه‌های سرمی تهیه شده از نظر آنتی بادی‌های ضد توکسوکارا کنیس با استفاده از روش الیزا مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند و داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار spss تجزیه و تحلیل آماری گردیدند. یافته‌ها: از 552 نفر مورد مطالعه، 294 نفر پسر و 230 نفر دختر بودند. سیصد و بیست و یک نفر (2/58 درصد) از شهر و بقیه از روستا بودند. از مجموع 552 نمونه 11 نفر (2 درصد) عفونت توکسوکاریازیس را نشان دادند. در این مطالعه بین عفونت توکسوکارا کنیس و شغل پدر (P=0.006)، ارتباط با سگ (P<0.001)و میزان ائوزینوفیلی(P<0.001) ارتباط معنی دار پیدا شد. اما با جنس، شهرستان محل سکونت، محل سکونت (شهر یا روستا) ارتباطی معنی‌دار وجود نداشت. نتیجه‌گیری: وجود 2 درصد آنتی بادی ضد توکسوکارا کنیس نشان دهنده اهمیت توجه به این عفونت‌ انگلی را در جامعه نشان می‌دهد و در این رابطه باید با افزایش آگاهی جمعیت‌ها در رابطه با خطر این عفونت انگلی و همچنین درمان ضد کرمی سگ‌ها توسط دامپزشکان و مهمتر از آن کنترل سگ‌های ولگرد توجه جدی نمود. واژه‌های کلیدی: سرواپیدمیولوژی، توکسوکاریازیس، توکسوکارا کنیس، الیز

REMOVAL OF Cr(VI) FROM SIMULATED ELECTROPLATING WASTEWATER BY MAGNETITE NANOPARTICLES

In this study, the efficiency of magnetic nanoparticles for removal of hexavalent chromium from simulated electroplating wastewater was evaluated. The nanoparticles were prepared using the sol-gel method and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), a scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (SEM-Edx), a particle sizer and a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results showed that synthesized nanoparticles were in the size range of 40-300 rim, had purity of about 90 percent, and had magnetization of 36.5 electromagnetic unit per gram (emu/g). In conditions including pH 2, Cr (VI) concentration of 10 mg/L, nanomagnetite concentration of 1 g/L, a shaking speed of 250 rpm and a 20 minute retention time, 82% of Cr(VI) was removed. Competition from common coexisting ions such as Na(+), Ni(2+), Cu(2+), NO(3)(-), SO(4)(2-), and Cl was negligible. The adsorption data was well fitted by the Freundlich isotherm. It was concluded that magnetite nanoparticles have considerable potential for removal of Cr(VI) from electroplating wastewaters

Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring in Cardiogenic Shock Is Associated With Lower In-Hospital Mortality

Background: There is increasing utilization of cardiogenic shock treatment algorithms. The cornerstone of these algorithms is the use of invasive hemodynamic monitoring (IHM). We sought to compare the in-hospital outcomes in patients who received IHM versus no IHM in a real-world contemporary database. Methods and Results Patients with cardiogenic shock admitted during October 1, 2015 to December 31, 2018, were identified from the National Inpatient Sample. Among this group, we compared the outcomes among patients who received IHM versus no IHM. The primary end point was in-hospital mortality. Secondary end points included vascular complications, major bleeding, need for renal replacement therapy, length of stay, cost of hospitalization, and rate of utilization of left ventricular assist devices and heart transplantation. Propensity score matching was used for covariate adjustment. A total of 394 635 (IHM=62 565; no IHM=332 070) patients were included. After propensity score matching, 2 well-matched groups were compared (IHM=62 220; no IHM=62 220). The IHM group had lower in-hospital mortality (24.1% versus 30.6%, P\u3c0.01), higher percentages of left ventricular assist devices (4.4% versus 1.3%, P\u3c0.01) and heart transplantation (1.3% versus 0.7%, P\u3c0.01) utilization, longer length of hospitalization and higher costs. There was no difference between the 2 groups in terms of vascular complications, major bleeding, and the need for renal replacement therapy. Conclusions: Among patients with cardiogenic shock, the use of IHM is associated with a reduction in in-hospital mortality and increased utilization of advanced heart failure therapies. Due to the observational nature of the current study, the results should be considered hypothesis-generating, and future prospective studies confirming these findings are needed

Performance of selection hyper-heuristics on the extended HyFlex domains

Selection hyper-heuristics perform search over the space of heuristics by mixing and controlling a predefined set of low level heuristics for solving computationally hard combinatorial optimisation problems. Being reusable methods, they are expected to be applicable to multiple problem domains, hence performing well in cross-domain search. HyFlex is a general purpose heuristic search API which separates the high level search control from the domain details enabling rapid development and performance comparison of heuristic search methods, particularly hyper-heuristics. In this study, the performance of six previously proposed selection hyper-heuristics are evaluated on three recently introduced extended HyFlex problem domains, namely 0–1 Knapsack, Quadratic Assignment and Max-Cut. The empirical results indicate the strong generalising capability of two adaptive selection hyper-heuristics which perform well across the ‘unseen’ problems in addition to the six standard HyFlex problem domains

A stochastic local search algorithm with adaptive acceptance for high-school timetabling

Automating high school timetabling is a challenging task. This problem is a well known hard computational problem which has been of interest to practitioners as well as researchers. High schools need to timetable their regular activities once per year, or even more frequently. The exact solvers might fail to find a solution for a given instance of the problem. A selection hyper-heuristic can be defined as an easy-to-implement, easy-to-maintain and effective 'heuristic to choose heuristics' to solve such computationally hard problems. This paper describes the approach of the team hyper-heuristic search strategies and timetabling (HySST) to high school timetabling which competed in all three rounds of the third international timetabling competition. HySST generated the best new solutions for three given instances in Round 1 and gained the second place in Rounds 2 and 3. It achieved this by using a fairly standard stochastic search method but significantly enhanced by a selection hyper-heuristic with an adaptive acceptance mechanism. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York

Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) fats

Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) fruit is rich in carbohydrates, lipids, phosphorus, vitamin C, niacin, iron, calcium, copper, protein and fiber. Rambutan seed kernel fat (RSKF) can be a promising alternative edible fat that has the potential to be used in the food industry, especially to replace hydrogenated fat. The main fatty acids in RSKF are arachidic acid (38.3%) and oleic acid (37.1%). These two fatty acids covered 75.7% of the total fatty acids. RSKF exhibited several nutritional, biological and health promoting effects. This chapter reports on the chemical composition and health promoting impacts of RSKF

The first inherited retinal disease registry in Iran: Research protocol and results of a pilot study

Background: To describe the protocol for developing a national inherited retinal disease (IRD) registry in Iran and present its initial report. Methods: This community-based participatory research was approved by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran in 2016. To provide the minimum data set (MDS), several focus group meetings were held. The final MDS was handed over to an engineering team to develop a web-based software. In the pilot phase, the software was set up in two referral centers in Iran. Final IRD diagnosis was made based on clinical manifestations and genetic findings. Ultimately, patient registration was done based on all clinical and non-clinical manifestations. Results: Initially, a total of 151 data elements were approved with Delphi technique. The registry software went live at www.IRDReg.org based on DHIS2 open source license agreement since February 2016. So far, a total of 1001 patients have been registered with a mean age of 32.41±15.60 years (range, 3 months to 74 years). The majority of the registered patients had retinitis pigmentosa (42, 95 CI: 38.9 to 45). Genetic testing was done for approximately 20 of the registered individuals. Conclusion: Our study shows successful web-based software design and data collection as a proof of concept for the first IRD registry in Iran. Multicenter integration of the IRD registry in medical centers throughout the country is well underway as planned. These data will assist researchers to rapidly access information about the distribution and genetic patterns of this disease. © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

Diabetic retinopathy clinical practice guidelines: Customized for Iranian population

Purpose: To customize clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for management of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in the Iranian population. Methods: Three DR CPGs (The Royal College of Ophthalmologists 2013, American Academy of Ophthalmology Preferred Practice Pattern 2012, and Australian Diabetes Society 2008) were selected from the literature using the AGREE tool. Clinical questions were designed and summarized into four tables by the customization team. The components of the clinical questions along with pertinent recommendations extracted from the above-mentioned CPGs; details of the supporting articles and their levels of evidence; clinical recommendations considering clinical benefts, cost and side effects; and revised recommendations based on customization capability (applicability, acceptability, external validity) were recorded in 4 tables, respectively. Customized recommendations were sent to the faculty members of all universities across the country to score the recommendations from 1 to 9. Results: Agreed recommendations were accepted as the fnal recommendations while the non-agreed ones were approved after revision. Eventually, 29 customized recommendations under three major categories consisting of screening, diagnosis and treatment of DR were developed along with their sources and levels of evidence. Conclusion: This customized CPGs for management of DR can be used to standardize the referral pathway, diagnosis and treatment of patients with diabetic retinopathy. © 2016 Journal of Ophthalmic and Vision Research