REQUIREMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF BUILDING A CONTINGENT OF ETHNIC MINORITY CADRES IN THE MOUNTAINOUS AREAS OF NGHE AN PROVINCE, VIETNAM

Nghe An is a province in Vietnam, with 10 mountainous districts and 1 mountainous town, accounting for 83.31% of the province's natural area. The mountainous area of Nghe An is a place with complicated and dangerous terrain and poor infrastructure; the lowest human development index (HDI) in the province; economic situation is extremely difficult, but it is a place with an important strategic position in terms of socio-economic development and protection of national border security. Therefore, building a contingent of ethnic minority cadres has a very important position and role in the development of the mountainous area of Nghe An. However, the work of building a contingent of ethnic minority cadres in mountainous districts of Nghe An currently has many shortcomings and limitations that need to be overcome, and possible solutions are needed so that the construction building a contingent of ethnic minority cadres in mountainous areas to achieve good results in the coming time.  Article visualizations

HO CHI MINH’S VIEW ON THE TRAINING OF CADRES OF ETHNIC MINORITIES IN VIETNAM

During his revolutionary activities, Ho Chi Minh paid particular attention to ethnic minorities - political subjects mainly in highland, remote and border areas. Appreciating the critical position of the mountainous region - which has a vital role in terms of economy, politics, foreign affairs and national defence; is the location of a “revolutionary base”, “where many ethnic minorities live”, “a place contiguous with neighbouring countries”. Ho Chi Minh always cares about this strategic area and gives special affection to the people of Vietnam's ethnic minorities. In particular, Ho Chi Minh took great care in training ethnic minority cadres to “make the ethnic groups gradually manage their affairs”.  Article visualizations

QUALITY OF PERSONNEL ETHNIC MINORITY IN THE MOUNTAIN AREA OF VIETNAM IN THE TIME OF PROMOTING INDUSTRIAL, MODERNIZING THE COUNTRY

Human resources are the most significant asset, a decisive factor for the existence and development of every country. Human resource development has become an urgent task not only of each country but also of each region and region according to the characteristics of geography, population and requirements of economic development orientation - society. In the mountainous areas of Vietnam, ethnic minority human resources are considered a central factor, playing a decisive role in socio-economic growth and development. Human resource training is a fundamental factor determining socio-economic development in ethnic minority areas in mountainous areas; it plays a decisive role in the education, professional and technical qualifications of human resources, training people capable of leading and gathering ethnic minority communities in production organization and social management; create human resources capable of applying new scientific and technological achievements in parallel with promoting indigenous knowledge and experiences of ethnic minorities in socio-economic development, and at the same time capable of solving new problems, problems arising in practice, production and social life.  Article visualizations

TÌNH HÌNH BỆNH TRÊN CÁ BÓP (Rachycentron canadum) VÀ CÁ MÚ (Epinephelus sp.) NUÔI LỒNG BIỂN Ở QUẦN ĐẢO NAM DU, HUYỆN KIÊN HẢI, TỈNH KIÊN GIANG

The study was conducted to investigate the current status of marine fish diseases in cobia and grouper cage culture in Nam Du islands, Kien Hai district, Kien Giang province. Cobia cage culture (n = 25) and grouper cage culture farmers (n = 25) were directly interviewed from October to December 2013. The results showed that the diseases on cobia and grouper yearly occurred but mainly in two periods of April - May and July to September. The main diseases were reported during cobia culture including ulceration (72%), hemorrhage (64%) and exophthalmia (100%). Parasitic infection was also reported. Chemical was not commonly used during culture period, but antibiotics were used to treat the bacterial diseases. The most common antibiotics were tetracycline, streptomycin, rifamycin and oxytetracycline. Farmers reported grouper diseases comprising ulceration (50%), hemorrhage (38.4%), exophthalmia (11.5%) and parasite infections (23.1%). During husbandry practices, some chemicals (Potassium permanganate, Iodine, Copper sulfate) and antibiotics (rifamycin, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, ampicillin, nutroplex) were limitedly used.Tình hình bệnh trên cá bóp và cá mú nuôi lồng biển ở quần đảo Nam Du, huyện Kiên Hải, tỉnh Kiên Giang được khảo sát thông qua phỏng vấn trực tiếp 25 hộ nuôi cá bóp và 25 hộ nuôi cá mú từ tháng 10-12/2013. Kết quả khảo sát cho thấy, bệnh trên cá bóp và cá mú xuất hiện quanh năm nhưng tập trung chủ yếu vào tháng 4-5 và tháng 7-9. Các bệnh xuất hiện trên cá bóp gồm bệnh lở loét chiếm 72%, xuất huyết 64%, mù mắt 100% và trong quá trình nuôi không có sử dụng hóa chất, chỉ sử dụng các loại kháng sinh dùng để trị bệnh như tetracycline, streptomycin, rifamycin, oxytetracycline. Các bệnh xuất hiện trên cá mú gồm bệnh lở loét chiếm 50%, xuất huyết 38,4%, mù mắt 11,5% và 23,1% bệnh do ký sinh trùng và trong quá trình nuôi cá mú các loại hóa chất (thuốc tím, iodine, sunfat đồng) và các loại kháng sinh (rifamycin, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, ampicillin, nutroplex) rất ít được sử dụng. Hầu hết người nuôi còn thiếu kiến thức về chẩn đoán và phòng, trị bệnh trên cá nuôi

Identification of sympatric cryptic species of Aedes albopictus subgroup in Vietnam : new perspectives in phylosymbiosis of insect vector

Background: The Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus subgroup includes 11 cryptic species of which Ae. albopictus is the most widely distributed. Its global expansion associated with a documented vector competence for several emerging arboviruses raise obvious concerns in the recently colonized regions. While several studies have provided important insights regarding medical importance of Ae. albopicus, the investigations of the other sibling species are scarce. In Asia, indigenous populations within the Ae. albopictus subgroup can be found in sympatry. In the present study, we aimed to describe and compare molecular, morphological and bacterial symbionts composition among sympatric individuals from the Ae. albopictus subgroup inhabiting a Vietnamese protected area. Results: Based on morphological structure of the cibarial armarture, we identified a cryptic species in the forest park at Bu Gia Map in the south-eastern region of Vietnam. Analysis of nuclear (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) and mitochondrial (cox1, nad5) markers confirmed the divergence between the cryptic species and Ae. albopictus. Analysis of midgut bacterial microbiota revealed a strong similarity among the two species with a notable difference; contrary to Ae. albopictus, the cryptic species did not harbour any Wolbachia infection. Conclusions: These results could reflect either a recent invasion of Wolbachia in Ae. albopictus or alternatively a loss of this symbiont in the cryptic species. We argue that neglected species of the Ae. albopictus subgroup are of main importance in order to estimate variation of host-symbionts interactions across evolution.Peer reviewe

Prevalence and risk factors for human papillomavirus infection among female sex workers in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam: a cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVE: Female sex workers (FSWs) are at high risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and cervical cancer due to their high number of sexual partners. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of HPV and identify risk factors for high-risk HPV infection among FSWs in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Viet Nam. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Hanoi and HCMC between December 2017 and May 2018. We surveyed and screened 699 FSWs aged 318 years for HPV infection and abnormal cytology. A multivariable modified Cox regression model was used to determine risk factors for high-risk HPV infection. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of any HPV, high-risk HPV and HPV-16/18 infection in the 699 FSWs was 26.3%, 17.6% and 4.0%, respectively, and were similar in both cities. Multiple infections were identified in 127 participants (69.0%). HPV-52 was the most prevalent (7%), followed by HPV-58 (6%). Abnormal cytology was detected in 91 participants (13.0%). FSWs who are divorced (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]: 1.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-3.81), widowed (aPR: 3.26, 95% CI: 1.49-7.12) or living alone (aPR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.01-3.39) were associated with a higher prevalence of high-risk HPV infection. DISCUSSION: Almost one in five FSWs in Viet Nam are infected with high-risk HPV. This highlights the importance of prevention strategies such as HPV vaccination and screening in this high-risk group

Anal human papillomavirus prevalence and risk factors among men who have sex with men in Vietnam.

OBJECTIVES: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at risk of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers, while published data are scarce. This study determined HPV prevalence and risk factors in MSM in Vietnam to inform HPV prevention strategies in this key population. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 799 MSM aged 16-50 years was conducted in Vietnam in 2017-2018. Information was collected on risk behaviours, and knowledge of HPV and anal cancer; rectal swabs were taken to detect anal HPV infection. An in-house polymerase chain reaction and Genoflow HPV array test kit were used for HPV detection and genotyping. RESULTS: The median age of the study participants was 25 years (range 18-52). Overall prevalence of any HPV and HPV16/18 infection was 32.3% and 11.0%, respectively. A higher prevalence of high-risk HPV infection to all 14 types tested was found in Ho Chi Minh City (30.9%) than in Hanoi (18.4%). High-risk HPV infection was associated with inconsistent condom use and history of engaging in sex under the influence of drugs (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 2.27; 95% CI, 1.48-10.67), as well as having multiple sexual partners (aOR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00-1.02). CONCLUSIONS: High-risk anal HPV infections in Vietnamese MSM were significantly associated with risky sexual behaviours. A targeted HPV vaccination strategy would have substantial benefit for MSM in Vietnam

A Multi-Center Randomized Trial to Assess the Efficacy of Gatifloxacin versus Ciprofloxacin for the Treatment of Shigellosis in Vietnamese Children

The bacterial genus Shigella is the most common cause of dysentery (diarrhea containing blood and/or mucus) and the disease is common in developing countries with limitations in sanitation. Children are most at risk of infection and frequently require hospitalization and antimicrobial therapy. The WHO currently recommends the fluoroquinolone, ciprofloxacin, for the treatment of childhood Shigella infections. In recent years there has been a sharp increase in the number of organisms that exhibit resistance to nalidixic acid (an antimicrobial related to ciprofloxacin), corresponding with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. We hypothesized that infections with Shigella strains that demonstrate resistance to nalidixic acid may prevent effective treatment with ciprofloxacin. We performed a randomized controlled trial to compare 3 day ciprofloxacin therapy with 3 days of gatifloxacin, a newer generation fluoroquinolone with greater activity than ciprofloxacin. We measured treatment failure and time to the cessation of individual disease symptoms in 249 children with dysentery treated with gatifloxacin and 245 treated with ciprofloxacin. We could identify no significant differences in treatment failure between the two groups or in time to the cessation of individual symptoms. We conclude that, in Vietnam, ciprofloxacin and gatifloxacin are similarly effective for the treatment of acute dysentery

Safety and efficacy of fluoxetine on functional outcome after acute stroke (AFFINITY): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background Trials of fluoxetine for recovery after stroke report conflicting results. The Assessment oF FluoxetINe In sTroke recoverY (AFFINITY) trial aimed to show if daily oral fluoxetine for 6 months after stroke improves functional outcome in an ethnically diverse population. Methods AFFINITY was a randomised, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial done in 43 hospital stroke units in Australia (n=29), New Zealand (four), and Vietnam (ten). Eligible patients were adults (aged ≥18 years) with a clinical diagnosis of acute stroke in the previous 2–15 days, brain imaging consistent with ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke, and a persisting neurological deficit that produced a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 1 or more. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 via a web-based system using a minimisation algorithm to once daily, oral fluoxetine 20 mg capsules or matching placebo for 6 months. Patients, carers, investigators, and outcome assessors were masked to the treatment allocation. The primary outcome was functional status, measured by the mRS, at 6 months. The primary analysis was an ordinal logistic regression of the mRS at 6 months, adjusted for minimisation variables. Primary and safety analyses were done according to the patient's treatment allocation. The trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12611000774921. Findings Between Jan 11, 2013, and June 30, 2019, 1280 patients were recruited in Australia (n=532), New Zealand (n=42), and Vietnam (n=706), of whom 642 were randomly assigned to fluoxetine and 638 were randomly assigned to placebo. Mean duration of trial treatment was 167 days (SD 48·1). At 6 months, mRS data were available in 624 (97%) patients in the fluoxetine group and 632 (99%) in the placebo group. The distribution of mRS categories was similar in the fluoxetine and placebo groups (adjusted common odds ratio 0·94, 95% CI 0·76–1·15; p=0·53). Compared with patients in the placebo group, patients in the fluoxetine group had more falls (20 [3%] vs seven [1%]; p=0·018), bone fractures (19 [3%] vs six [1%]; p=0·014), and epileptic seizures (ten [2%] vs two [<1%]; p=0·038) at 6 months. Interpretation Oral fluoxetine 20 mg daily for 6 months after acute stroke did not improve functional outcome and increased the risk of falls, bone fractures, and epileptic seizures. These results do not support the use of fluoxetine to improve functional outcome after stroke