Characterization of LUSI Mud as Geopolymer Raw Material

The mud of mud volcano samples were collected from an eruption site named ‘LUSI’ (Lumpur “mud” –Sidoarjo), East Java, Indonesia for characterization. Analysis showed that, the major constituents of mud are SiO2 and Al2O3 which are higher than those in fly ash. The particle of mud has a flake-shaped particle and the overall particle size is dominated by particles between 2.5μm – 25.0μm. The results of XRD shows that mud of mud volcano have a characteristic of structurally disordered compounds, and a set of peaks corresponding to minor crystalline phases such as quartz, feldspars, and kaolinite. FTIR adsorption bands of the raw material of mud have the chemical bonding between bands 1-5

Reviews on the Properties of Aggregates made with or without Geopolymerisation Method

Aggregates are popular for use in concrete and lightweight concrete applications. Recent research shows that the by-product materials such as fly ash can be used as raw material in producing aggregates and lightweight aggregates. The usage of this material can improve the quality of the aggregates produced compared to conventional in term of structurally strong, physically stable, durable, and environmentally inert. This paper summarized the process and mechanical testing on the fly ash aggregates and lightweight aggregates to be used in concrete

PENYULUHAN STRUKTUR KALIMAT BAHASA SASAK: KE ARAH PENYUSUNAN BAHASA SASAK STANDAR PADA KELOMPOK KERJA GURU DI KECAMATAN MASBAGIK

Studi terhadap hasil penelitian dan buku pelajaran bahasa Sasak yang sudah dilakukan, diperoleh gambaran bahwa belum ada kajian yang secara rinci mengungkap struktur kalimat bahasa Sasak. Selain itu, dialek yang diteliti dan dibahas terbatas pada satu dialek, sehingga data bahasa Sasak yang disajikan masih terbatas pada dialek tertentu saja dan masih diwarnai struktur kalimat bahasa Indonesia. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk mengenalkan Struktur Kalimat Bahasa Sasak dari variasi dialek umum yang sudah dikenal oleh masyarakat. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam pengabdian ini adalah pendekatan andragogi dan untuk melaksanakan pendekatan tersebut, metode yang diterapkan adalah metode diskusi, metode latihan dan metode seminar. Hasilnya adalah guru lebih mengenal Struktur Kalimat Bahasa Sasak serta variasi dialektal tentang Struktur kalimat dasar, Struktur kalimat tunggal dan Struktur kalimat kompleks. Hasil tersebut, selanjutnya dijadikan sebagai acuan penyusunan bahan ajar pembelajaran kalimat bahasa Sasak yang standar

Effect of Curing Profile on Kaolin-based Geopolymers

AbstractDepending on the processing conditions, geopolymers can exhibit a wide variety of properties and characteristics. Curing profile serves as a crucial parameter in synthesis of geopolymers. In this paper, the influence of curing temperature and curing time on the properties of kaolin-based geopolymer was studied. The samples were separated into several curing conditions; including curing at ambient temperature, 40°C, 60°C, 80°C and 100°C for 1 day, and up to 3 days. The compressive strength and SEM analysis of geopolymer products were evaluated. Results showed that curing condition has a significant effect on the mechanical properties of kaolin-based geopolymer. Generally, curing at ambient temperature was not feasible, while increase in temperature favored the strength development. In addition, prolonged curing time improved the geopolymerization process, and led to higher strength gain. However, curing at high temperature for a long period of time caused failure of the sample at a later age

Investigating The Possibility Of Utilization Of Kaolin And The Potential Of Metakaolin To Produce Green Cement For Construction Purposes -A Review

Abstract: Geopolymers are inorganic alkali aluminosilicate gels, formed from reaction of mineral clays or aluminosilicate-bearing industrial wastes, and treated with alkali silicate solution at 40 -80°C. Geopolymers have been studied for several decades due to their excellent mechanical properties. They are suitable for use in construction and refractory applications. This paper summarizes some important research findings over the last 30 years and attempts to explain the chemistry and reaction mechanisms of the geopolymerisation process. Moreover, the paper emphasizes the potential to produce green cement powder from kaolin and metakaolin as an alternative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC)

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Evaluation of Pelletized Artificial Geopolymer Aggregate Manufactured From Volcano Ash

This paper introduced the new pelletized artificial geopolymer aggregate made from volcano ash. This is one of the effort to diminish the high quantity of volcano mud from East Java, Indonesia, that become a major issue since May 29, 2006 when it surfaced from the bowel of the earth and impacted an area of almost 770 hectare to a depth of 20 m, and thirty thousand people have been displaced which cost Indonesia $3.7 billion in damages and damage control. The characterization of volcano ash was first examined. The major constituent was SiO2 and Al2O3 for this material. The microstructure properties showed the volcano ash has a plate like structure and the shell covered outer surface of this aggregate appear naturally. The geopolymer artificial aggregate was examined with various curing temperature of 500 °C, 600 °C and 800 °C. The results show that the specific gravity of geopolymer artificial aggregate was in the range of 1.7-2.0 g/cm3. The lowest specific gravity was observed at sintering temperature of 800°C. The water absorption can be modulated by controlling the sintering temperature

Study on Radioactivity Components, Water Quality and Microstructure Characteristic of Volcano Ash as Geopolymer Artificial Aggregate

The assessments of radioactivity, water quality testing and microstructure characteristic of volcano ash have been examined. The measurement of the 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 238U were carried out using radioactive concentration value. The results showed that 226Ra = 39 Bq/kg, 232Th = 36 Bq/kg, 40K = 337 Bq/kg which are within acceptable limit for construction building. The radium equivalent activity for volcano ash is 116 ± 1 Bq/kg, means the exposure of γ radiation is safe. Water from volcano ash may affected the aquatic ecosystem and human health which is not safe to be used as effluent due to high zinc, cadmium, lead, cyanide and sulphide and exceed the allowable limits. The mean particle size of the volcano ash was 121 μm. This volcano ash is almost dominated by quartz phase. SEM analysis showed that volcano ash had a plate-like structure similar to kaolin. The FTIR adsorption band showed the OH-, H-O-H, Si-O, Al-OH, and Si-O-Si and Si-O-Al vibrations appeared in this volcano ash. The average total percentage of weight loss after being heated to 1000°C was 15.85

Reviews on the Properties of Aggregates made with or without Geopolymerisation Method

Aggregates are popular for use in concrete and lightweight concrete applications. Recent research shows that the by-product materials such as fly ash can be used as raw material in producing aggregates and lightweight aggregates. The usage of this material can improve the quality of the aggregates produced compared to conventional in term of structurally strong, physically stable, durable, and environmentally inert. This paper summarized the process and mechanical testing on the fly ash aggregates and lightweight aggregates to be used in concrete

Characterization of LUSI Mud Volcano as Geopolymer Raw Material A Review

The mud of mud volcano samples were collected from an eruption site named ‘LUSI’ (Lumpur “mud†–Sidoarjo), East Java, Indonesia for characterization. Analysis showed that, the major constituents of mud volcano are SiO2 and Al2O3 which is are higher than those in fly ash. The particle of mud volcano has a flake-shaped particle and the overall particle size is dominated by particles between 2.5µm – 25.0µm. The results of XRD shows that mud of mud volcano have a characteristic of structurally disordered compounds, and a set of peaks corresponding to minor crystalline phases such as quartz, feldspars, and kaolinite. FTIR adsorption bands of the raw material of mud volcano has the chemical bonding between bands 1-5