514 research outputs found
Vectors in a Box
For an integer d>=1, let tau(d) be the smallest integer with the following
property: If v1,v2,...,vt is a sequence of t>=2 vectors in [-1,1]^d with
v1+v2+...+vt in [-1,1]^d, then there is a subset S of {1,2,...,t} of indices,
2<=|S|<=tau(d), such that \sum_{i\in S} vi is in [-1,1]^d. The quantity tau(d)
was introduced by Dash, Fukasawa, and G\"unl\"uk, who showed that tau(2)=2,
tau(3)=4, and tau(d)=Omega(2^d), and asked whether tau(d) is finite for all d.
Using the Steinitz lemma, in a quantitative version due to Grinberg and
Sevastyanov, we prove an upper bound of tau(d) <= d^{d+o(d)}, and based on a
construction of Alon and Vu, whose main idea goes back to Hastad, we obtain a
lower bound of tau(d)>= d^{d/2-o(d)}.
These results contribute to understanding the master equality polyhedron with
multiple rows defined by Dash et al., which is a "universal" polyhedron
encoding valid cutting planes for integer programs (this line of research was
started by Gomory in the late 1960s). In particular, the upper bound on tau(d)
implies a pseudo-polynomial running time for an algorithm of Dash et al. for
integer programming with a fixed number of constraints. The algorithm consists
in solving a linear program, and it provides an alternative to a 1981 dynamic
programming algorithm of Papadimitriou.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figur
Atmospheric neutron measurements with the SONTRAC science model
âThe SOlar Neutron TRACking (SONTRAC) telescope was originally developed to measure the energy spectrum and incident direction of neutrons produced in solar flares, in the energy range 20 - 250 MeV. While developed primarily for solar physics, the SONTRAC detector may be employed in virtually any application requiring both energy measurement and imaging capabilities. The SONTRAC Science Model (SM) is presently being operated at the University of New Hampshire (UNH) as a ground-based instrument to investigate the energy spectrum, zenith and azimuth angle dependence of the cosmic-ray induced sea-level atmospheric neutron flux. SONTRAC measurements are based on the non-relativistic double scatter of neutrons off ambient protons within a block of scintillating fibers. Using the n-p elastic double-scatter technique, it is possible to uniquely determine the neutronâs energy and direction on an event-by-event basis. The 3D SM consists of a cube of orthogonal plastic scintillating fiber layers with 5 cm sides, read out by two CCD cameras. Two orthogonal imaging chains allow full 3D reconstruction of scattered proton tracks
Home sweet Home? : Erkenntnisse zu Homeoffice in den ZĂŒrcher Gemeindeverwaltungen wĂ€hrend der Covid-19 Pandemie
Zur EindĂ€mmung der Covid-19 Pandemie gab der Bundesrat zu Beginn des Jahres 2020 eine Homeoffice-Empfehlung ab. Anfang 2021 trat eine Homeoffice-Pflicht in Kraft. FrĂŒhere Studien zeigten, dass zu Beginn der Pandemie insbesondere auf Gemeindeebene jedoch nur sehr wenige Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter im Homeoffice arbeiteten. In dieser Studie wird deshalb aus Sicht der Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter untersucht, welche Voraussetzungen es fĂŒr Homeoffice braucht, welche Auswirkungen mit Homeoffice verbunden werden und welche Rahmenbedingungen zukĂŒnftig aus Sicht der Gemeindeangestellten fĂŒr Homeoffice vorhanden sein sollten. Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen wurden im November 2020 Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter von allen 162 ZĂŒrcher Gemeindeverwaltungen mittels einer standardisierten Online-Umfrage zu Homeoffice befragt. Die Befragung der Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter zeigt, dass mit Beginn der Pandemie der Wunsch nach Homeoffice sowie auch die Nutzungsmöglichkeiten gestiegen sind. Als wichtige Aspekte zeigen sich die Eignung der TĂ€tigkeit sowie die Eignung des heimischen Arbeitsplatzes. Negative Auswirkungen von Homeoffice sehen die Befragten insbesondere in der generellen SchwĂ€chung interpersoneller Beziehungen im beruflichen Umfeld. Positiv wiederum wirkt sich das Homeoffice auf die Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Privatleben, auf das konzentrierte Arbeiten sowie auf die wahrgenommene ArbeitgeberattraktivitĂ€t aus. Soll Homeoffice stĂ€rker genutzt werden, gilt es aus Sicht der Befragten zukĂŒnftig verstĂ€rkt flexibles Arbeiten zu ermöglichen, mehr digitale und interaktive Kommunikationsmittel zu nutzen und verstĂ€rkt in Teamentwicklungsmassahmen zu investieren. Insgesamt zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass es fĂŒr erfolgreiches Homeoffice auf Gemeindestufe verstĂ€rkte BemĂŒhungen bei der digitalen Transformation der öffentlichen Verwaltung sowie die Förderung eines beziehungsorientierten FĂŒhrungsstils braucht
On the Role of Dendritic Cells in Peripheral T Cell Tolerance and Modulation of Autoimmunity
Recently, it has become clear that dendritic cells (DCs) are essential for the priming of T cell responses. However, their role in the maintenance of peripheral T cell tolerance remains largely undefined. Herein, an antigen-presenting cell (APC) transfer system was devised and applied to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), to evaluate the contribution that DCs play in peripheral T cell tolerance. The CD8αâCD4+ subset, a minor population among splenic DCs, was found to mediate both tolerance and bystander suppression against diverse T cell specificities. Aggregated (agg) Ig-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), an Ig chimera carrying the MOG 35â55 peptide, binds and cross-links FcÎłR on APC leading to efficient peptide presentation and interleukin (IL)-10 production. Furthermore, administration of agg Ig-MOG into diseased mice induces relief from clinical EAE involving multiple epitopes. Such recovery could not occur in FcÎłR-deficient mice where both uptake of Ig-MOG and IL-10 production are compromised. However, reconstitution of these mice with DC populations incorporating the CD8αâCD4+ subset restored Ig-MOGâmediated reversal of EAE. Transfer of CD8α+ or even CD8αâCD4â DCs had no effect on the disease. These findings strongly implicate DCs in peripheral tolerance and emphasize their functional potency, as a small population of DCs was able to support effective suppression of autoimmunity
Momentum for Catalysis: How Surface Reactions Shape the RuO2 Flat Surface State
The active (110) surface of the benchmark oxygen evolution catalyst RuO2 spans a ïŹat-band surface state (FBSS) between the surface projections of its Dirac nodal lines (DNLs) that deïŹne the electronic properties of this functional semimetal. Monitoring well-known surface adsorption processes of H2, O2, NO, and CO by in operando angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we selectively modify the oxidation state of individual Ru surface sites and identify the electronic nature of the FBSS: stabilized by bridging oxygen Obr pz, the FBSS disperses along âš001â© oriented chains of bridging Rubr 4dz2 orbitals, collapses upon Obr removal, yet remains surprisingly unaïŹected by the oxidation state of the undercoordinated 1f-cus-Ru species. This directly reïŹects in the ability of RuO2(110) to oxidize CO and H2 along with its inability to oxidize NO, demonstrating the FBSSâs active role in catalytic charge transfer processes at the oxygen bridge sites. Our synergetic approach provides momentum-resolved insights to the interplay of a catalystâs delocalized electronic band structure and the localized orbitals of its surface reactantsa route toward a microscopic understanding of heterogeneous catalysis
Molecular structure and free energy landscape for electron transport in the decahaem cytochrome MtrF
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Thin channel ÎČ-Ga2O3 MOSFETs with self-aligned refractory metal gates
We report the first demonstration of self-aligned gate (SAG) ÎČ-Ga2O3 metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) as a path toward eliminating source access resistance for low-loss power applications. The SAG process is implemented with a subtractively defined and etched refractory metal, such as Tungsten, combined with ion-implantation. We report experimental and modeled DC performance of a representative SAG device that achieved a maximum transconductance of 35 mS mm-1 and an on-resistance of âŒ30 Ω mm with a 2.5 ÎŒm gate length. These results highlight the advantage of implant technology for SAG ÎČ-Ga2O3 MOSFETs enabling future power switching and RF devices with low parasitic resistance. © Not subject to copyright in the USA. Contribution of Wright-Patterson AFB
High-throughput full-automatic synchrotron-based tomographic microscopy
The automatization tools for high-throughput tomographic microscopy developed at the TOMCAT beamline of the Swiss Light Source are describe
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