Challenges experienced by women high performance coaches and its association with sustainability in the profession

High performance (HP) coaching is a demanding profession (Didymus, 2017). The proportion of woman HP coaches is reported to be in the range of 8.4% - 20% (Bentzen, Lemyre, & Kenttä, 2016a; Kidd, 2013). Mental health concerns in elite sports have recently gained attention, but mainly focusing on athletes (Henriksen et al., 2019). Beyond coach burnout, limited attention has been given to coaches’ mental health. A recent coach burnout review (Olusoga, Bentzen, & Kenttä, 2019) included only one paper that focused exclusively on women. It has been argued that women HP coaches face greater challenges in a male-dominated coaching culture. The purpose of this study was to explore challenges experienced by women HP coaches and their perceived associations with sustainability and mental health. Thirty-seven female HP coaches participated by answering a semi-structured, open-ended questionnaire. All responses were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis, which resulted in two general dimensions: Challenges of Working as a WHPC and Sustainability and Well-being as a WHPC. Overall, results indicate that challenges reported might be common for all HP coaches, but also highlight gender specific elements. Consequently, coach retention and sustainability would benefit from more attention on well-being and mental health among HP coaches

Desperate to quit: a narrative analysis of burnout and recovery in high-performance sports coaching

This study investigated how the experiences of two elite coaches' contributed to and shaped 4 their stories of burnout and withdrawal from high performance coaching. The coaches whose 5 narratives we explore were both middle-aged head coaches, one in a major team sport at the 6 highest club level, and one in an individual Olympic sport at international level. Through a 7 thematic narrative analysis, based on in-depth interviews, the stories of the two coaches are 8 presented in four distinct sections: antecedents, experiences of coaching with burnout 9 symptoms, withdrawal from sport, and the process of recovery and personal growth. These 10 narratives have implications for high performance coaching, such as the importance of role 11 clarity, work-home inference, counselling, mentoring, and social support as means to 12 facilitate recovery, and the need for additional research with coaches who have left sport, to 13 gain a more comprehensive understanding of the complete burnout-recovery proces

Distribution and Lithology of Sedimentary Rocks in Montana and Adjacent Areas

The general features of the sedimentary rocks in a region, their distribution, and the relationships of these rocks to other rocks of the area and of adjacent areas, are some of the things in which most geologists are interested, for reasons of general curiosity or for obtaining a better understanding of their specific prob­lem

Valikoiman hallinnan tehostaminen ketjuyrityksessä

Siirretty Doriast

JUURISYYANALYYSI LAATUONGELMIEN RATKAISUUN

Tämän tutkielman tavoitteena on selvittää kohdeyrityksessä tapahtuvien vikailmoitusten toistuvuutta. Tutkimuksen aihe saatiin sen takia, koska haluttiin saada selvitys samanlaisten vikailmoitusten toistuvuuteen ja siihen miksi juurisyyanalyysia ei systemaattisesti suoriteta kaikille esiintyville vioille. Teoriaosuudessa käsitellään laadun käsitettä, laadunvarmistusta ja –parantamista. Juurisyyanalyysi sekä ongelmanratkaisu ovat osa teoriaosuutta. Lisäksi käydään läpi laatutyökaluja, jotka ovat tärkeässä osassa juurisyyanalyysia tehtäessä. Tutkimuksen luonne on kvalitatiivinen tutkimus. Empiirinen aineisto perustuu henkilöhaastatteluihin ja moottorin koeajossa ja viimeistelyssä tapahtuneisiin vikailmoituksiin. Haastattelut suoritettiin Wärtsilä Finland Oy:n Vaasan toimitusyksikön verstaspäälliköille ja saatu aineisto koski kaikkia toimitusyksikön moottorityyppejä. Tutkimuksen perusteella säännöllinen juurisyyanalyysi kannattaa ottaa käyttöön: se poistaa samojen vikojen toistuvuudet ja sillä saataisiin korjaavat toimenpiteet kunnollisiksi. Haastatteluista kävi ilmi, että juurisyyanalyysi ja sen tarkoitus on verstaspäälliköiden tiedossa, mutta sitä ei kiireiden ja vikailmoituksissa olevien epäselvyyksien takia tehdä systemaattisesti. Tutkimuksesta selviää, että ohjeet tulisi olla selkeämmät, jotta vikailmoitusten määrä saataisiin pienemmäksi. Johdon tulisikin motivoida juurisyyanalyysin tekoon.fi=Opinnäytetyö kokotekstinä PDF-muodossa.|en=Thesis fulltext in PDF format.|sv=Lärdomsprov tillgängligt som fulltext i PDF-format

Making a web-application more mobile-friendly, case: Surveypal

Tässä työssä tutkitaan, mitä toteutustapaa Surveypal-sovelluksen mobiiliystävällisemmäksi saattamisessa tulisi hyödyntää. Työssä avataan web-sovellusten erityispiirteitä yleisesti ja mobiililaitteiden yhteydessä. Ongelman ratkaisemiseksi esitellään kaksi vaihtoehtoista toteutustapaa, erilliset toteutukset (tietokone- ja mobiilitoteutus) ja yksi, mukautuva toteutus. Eri toteutustavoille löydetään erilaisia hyviä ja huonoja puolia. Tutkimus osoittaa erillisen mobiilitoteutuksen olevan parempi ratkaisu tilanteessa, jossa mobiilikäyttäjillä on eri tarpeet, kuin tietokonekäyttäjillä ja mukautuvan toteutuksen vastaavasti tilanteessa jossa käyttäjällä voidaan olettaa olevan samat tarpeet kontekstista riippumatta. Eri toteutustapojen suhtautumista World Wide Web Consortium:in määrittelemiin, mobiilien web-sovellusten parhaisiin käytäntöihin arvioidaan erityisesti suositusten toteuttamiseen vaaditun työpanoksen osalta. Surveypal-sovelluksen nykyisen toteutus osoittautuu hyväksi pohjaksi mukautuvalle toteutukselle ja kokonaan alusta tehtävä erillinen mobiilitoteutus todetaan huomattavasti työläämmäksi vaihtoehdoksi. Surveypal-käyttäjille esitetyn kyselyn vastauksista käy ilmi, että vain 17 % kyselyyn vastanneista käyttäjistä oli käyttänyt sovellusta mobiililaitteilla, mutta käyttäjät suorittavat yli puolet yleisestä internetselailustaan mobiililaitteilla. Käyttäjät arvioivat sovelluksen eri ominaisuudet keskimäärin tärkeiksi myös mobiilissa kontekstissa, mutta pitivät tulosten katselua kuitenkin muita selkeästi tärkeämpänä. Arvioinnin pohjalta saatuja tuloksia käytetään argumentteina muodostettaessa suositusta mobiilitoteutuksen toteutustavasta. Suositelluksi toteutustavaksi päätyy Surveypal-sovelluksen nykytilan pohjalta toteutettava mukautuva toteutus. Tärkeimpinä perusteluina mukautuvan toteutuksen puolesta toimivat sen toteuttamiseen ja ylläpitoon vaadittava pienempi työmäärä sekä Surveypal-käyttäjien selkeät tarpeet käyttää sovelluksen kaikkia ominaisuuksia myös mobiilissa kontekstissa

Development Life Cycle

Security in the Software Life Cycle This article emphasizes how developers need to make additional, significant increases in their processes, by adding structure and repeatability to further the security and quality of their software. by Joe Jarzombek and Karen Mercedes Goertze

Cardiovascular responses to dynamic and static upper-body exercise in a cold environment in coronary artery disease patients

Purpose - Upper-body exercise performed in a cold environment may increase cardiovascular strain, which could be detrimental to patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). This study compared cardiovascular responses of CAD patients during graded upper-body dynamic and static exercise in cold and neutral environments. Methods - 20 patients with stable CAD performed 30 min of progressive dynamic (light, moderate, and heavy rating of perceived exertion) and static (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% of maximal voluntary contraction) upper body exercise in cold (− 15 °C) and neutral (+ 22 °C) environments. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and electrocardiographic (ECG) responses were recorded and rate pressure product (RPP) calculated. Results - Dynamic-graded upper-body exercise in the cold increased HR by 2.3–4.8% (p = 0.002–0.040), MAP by 3.9–5.9% (p = 0.038–0.454) and RPP by 18.1–24.4% (p = 0.002–0.020) when compared to the neutral environment. Static graded upper-body exercise in the cold resulted in higher MAP (6.3–9.1%; p = 0.000–0.014), lower HR (4.1–7.2%; p = 0.009–0.033), but unaltered RPP compared to a neutral environment. Heavy dynamic exercise resulted in ST depression that was not related to temperature. Otherwise, ECG was largely unaltered during exercise in either thermal condition. Conclusions - Dynamic- and static-graded upper-body exercise in the cold involves higher cardiovascular strain compared with a neutral environment among patients with stable CAD. However, no marked changes in electric cardiac function were observed. The results support the use of upper-body exercise in the cold in patients with stable CAD

Prediction of sudden cardiac death with automated high-throughput analysis of heterogeneity in standard resting 12-lead electrocardiograms

BACKGROUND Heterogeneity of depolarization and repolarization underlies the development of lethal arrhythmias. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether quantification of spatial depolarization and repolarization heterogeneity identifies individuals at risk for sudden cardiac death (SCD). METHODS Spatial R-, J-, and T-wave heterogeneity (RWH, JWH, and TWH, respectively) was analyzed using automated second central moment analysis of standard digital 12-lead electrocardiograms in 5618 adults (2588, 46% men; mean +/- SEM age 50.9 +/- 0.2 years), who took part in the epidemiological Health 2000 Survey as representative of the entire Finnish adult population. RESULTS During the follow-up period of 7.7 +/- 0.2 years, a total of 72 SCDs occurred (1.3%), with an average yearly incidence rate of 0.17% per year. Increased RWH, JWH, and TWH in left precordial leads (V-4-V-6) were univariately associated with SCD (P = 102 mu V) was associated with a 1.7-fold adjusted relative risk for SCD (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0-2.9; P = .048) and increased JWH (>= 123 mu V) with a 2.0-fold adjusted relative risk for SCD (95% CI 1.2-3.3; P = .006). When both TWH and JWH were above the threshold, the adjusted relative risk for SCD was 2.9-fold (95% CI 1.5-5.7; P = .002). When RWH (>= 470 mu V), JWH, and TWH were all above the threshold, the adjusted relative risk for SCD was 3.2-fold (95% CI 1.4-7.1; P = .009). CONCLUSION Second central moment analysis of standard resting 12-lead electrocardiographic morphology provides an ultrarapid means for the automated measurement of spatial RWH, JWH, and TWH, enabling analysis of high subject volumes and screening for SCD risk in the general population.Peer reviewe

Risk of sudden cardiac death associated with QRS, QTc, and JTc intervals in the general population

BACKGROUND QRS duration and corrected QT (QTc) interval have been associated with sudden cardiac death (SCD), but no data are available on the significance of repolarization component (JTc interval) of the QTc interval as an independent risk marker in the general population. OBJECTIVE In this study, we sought to quantify the risk of SCD associated with QRS, QTc, and JTc intervals. METHODS This study was conducted using data from 3 population cohorts from different eras, comprising a total of 20,058 individuals. The follow-up period was limited to 10 years and age at baseline to 30-61 years. QRS duration and QT interval (Bazett's) were measured from standard 12-lead electrocardiograms at baseline. JTc interval was defined as QTc interval - QRS duration. Cox proportional hazards models that controlled for confounding clinical factors identified at baseline were used to estimate the relative risk of SCD. RESULTS During a mean period of 9.7 years, 207 SCDs occurred (1.1 per 1000 person-years). QRS duration was associated with a significantly increased risk of SCD in each cohort (pooled hazard ratio [HR] 1.030 per 1-ms increase; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.017-1.043). The QTc interval had borderline to significant associations with SCD and varied among cohorts (pooled HR 1.007; 95% CI 1.001-1.012). JTc interval as a continuous variable was not associated with SCD (pooled HR 1.001; 95% CI 0.996-1.007). CONCLUSION Prolonged QRS durations and QTc intervals are associated with an increased risk of SCD. However, when the QTc interval is deconstructed into QRS and JTc intervals, the repolarization component (JTc) appears to have no independent prognostic value.Peer reviewe