Tasas mínimas de captura-recaptura y años de funcionamiento de la estación de anillamiento para obtener estimaciones confiables de la supervivencia anual de los adultos

We examined variability in adult annual survival rate estimates for 33 breeding bird species, using 2011&ndash;2019 data from a 38-station Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship (MAPS) program in Alberta, Canada. Using coefficient of variation (CV) as a metric, we provide recommendations for number of years a station should be operated and numbers of captures and between-year recaptures required to achieve acceptable levels of precision for adult survival estimation. Our primary aim was to provide minimum sample-size guidelines for MAPS banding station operators. The proportion of individual species &times; spatial scale scenarios for which we could obtain adult survival estimates, as well as the precision of those estimates, increased substantially once six years of data were collected, and we recommend six years as a target minimum level of continuity for banding station operation. Across 33 species analyzed, averages of 23.4 captures (3.9/yr) and 2.1 recaptures (0.4/yr) were needed to yield marginally precise survival estimates (CV of 20% to 30%, inclusive), while averages of 89.2 captures (14.9/yr) and 6.3 recaptures (1.1/yr) were needed to achieve more precise estimates (CV &lt; 20%). We suggest these as guidelines for minimum capture and recapture rates at the scale of individual banding stations and for clusters of stations, e.g., multiple stations operated in a selected habitat type or sampling region, respectively. It should be noted, however, that sample-size requirements will vary markedly among species. For example, reliable estimates of survival for species with low between-year site fidelity, e.g., Tennessee Warbler (Leiothlypis peregrina), will not be obtainable at any sample size; while species with high inter-annual site fidelity and recapture probabilities, e.g., some flycatchers, thrushes, sparrows, and wood warblers, will require smaller sample sizes than those proposed here as guidelines.</p

Distribution of recycled crust within the upper mantle : insights from the oxygen isotope composition of MORB from the Australian-Antarctic Discordance

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2009. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 10 (2009): Q12004, doi:10.1029/2009GC002728Geochemical heterogeneity within the mantle has long been recognized through the diversity of trace element and radiogenic isotopic compositions of mantle-derived rocks, yet the specific origin, abundance, and distribution of enriched material within the mantle have been difficult to quantify. In particular, the origin of the distinctive geochemical characteristics of Indian mantle has been debated for decades. We present new laser fluorination oxygen isotope measurements of mid-ocean ridge basalt from the Australian-Antarctic Discordance (AAD), an area where a particularly abrupt transition occurs between Pacific-type mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB) and Atlantic-type MORB. These data show no distinction in average δ18O between Pacific- and Atlantic-type MORB, indicating that the origin of Indian-type mantle cannot be attributed to the presence of pelagic sediment. The combined radiogenic isotope, δ18O, and trace element characteristics of Indian-type MORB at the AAD are consistent with contamination of the Indian upper mantle by lower crustal material. We also present a compilation of available laser fluorination δ18O data for MORB and use these data to evaluate the nature and percentage of enriched material within the upper mantle globally. Data for each ocean basin fit a normal distribution, with indistinguishable means and standard deviations, implying that the variation in δ18O of MORB reflects a stochastic process that operates similarly across all ocean basins. Monte Carlo simulations show that the mean and standard deviation of the MORB data are robust indicators of the mean and standard deviation of the parent distribution of data. Further, although some skewness in the data cannot be ruled out, Monte Carlo results are most consistent with a normal parent distribution. This similarity in characteristics of the δ18O data between ocean basins, together with correlations of δ18O with radiogenic isotope and trace element characteristics of subsets of the data, suggest that the upper mantle globally contains an average of ∼5–10% recycled crustal material and that the depleted mantle in the absence of this component would have δ18O of ∼5.25‰. The Monte Carlo simulations also suggest that additional oxygen isotope data may be used in the future to test the ability of geodynamical models to predict the physical distribution of enriched domains within the upper mantle

US Cosmic Visions: New Ideas in Dark Matter 2017: Community Report

This white paper summarizes the workshop "U.S. Cosmic Visions: New Ideas in Dark Matter" held at University of Maryland on March 23-25, 2017.Comment: 102 pages + reference

GWAS meta-analysis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy implicates multiple hepatic genes and regulatory elements

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a pregnancy-specific liver disorder affecting 0.5–2% of pregnancies. The majority of cases present in the third trimester with pruritus, elevated serum bile acids and abnormal serum liver tests. ICP is associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes, including spontaneous preterm birth and stillbirth. Whilst rare mutations affecting hepatobiliary transporters contribute to the aetiology of ICP, the role of common genetic variation in ICP has not been systematically characterised to date. Here, we perform genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and meta-analyses for ICP across three studies including 1138 cases and 153,642 controls. Eleven loci achieve genome-wide significance and have been further investigated and fine-mapped using functional genomics approaches. Our results pinpoint common sequence variation in liver-enriched genes and liver-specific cis-regulatory elements as contributing mechanisms to ICP susceptibility

GENERASI BARU ZAMAN MEIJI: Pergolakan Mencari Identitas Nasional (1885-1895)

vii; 286 hlm;21 x 14 c

Design, Modeling, and Control of an Electrostatic Suspension Platform for Thin Disks

This dissertation describes the design, modeling, and testing of a system to electrostatically suspend and manipulate a silicon disk between two sets of stator electrodes. Dual variants of the system are investigated for two disk sizes to yield four total electrode-disk configurations that differ in transduction schemes and the number of disk degrees of freedom that must be actively regulated. Transformers couple the electrodes into pairs that measure disk-electrode differential capacitances and exert electrostatic forces on the disk. There is no physical contact with the disk when it is suspended. Both disks are six-degree-of-freedom systems, however, yaw motion is not measurable using either electrode arrangement and in-plane translations of the smaller disk are passively stabilized by the fringe electrical field. Contributions of the dissertation include the development of a modeling paradigm that is easily adapted to additional electrode-disk geometry, the design and fabrication of a new levitation platform that eliminates actuator-sensor feedthrough, the development of a novel parametric fitting technique for open-loop unstable systems from closed-loop data, and the synthesis of a family of robust multivariable controllers.The first electrode arrangement uses common electrodes for both control and sensing, however, redundant use of the electrodes produces significant feedthrough from the control inputs to the electronic pick-offs. Feedback controllers are designed for the smaller disk to maximize robustness to perturbations of the plant's normalized coprime factors and multivariable loop-shaping techniques are used to improve closed-loop performance. The disk is suspended and comparisons between the analytical model and empirical data are made. Estimates of the RMS uncertainties of the disk position reveal nanometer- and sub-microradian-level precision for the vertical and rotational degrees of freedom, respectively. A new levitation platform aimed to eradicate actuator-sensor feedthrough is designed and fabricated. The updated system utilizes similar transduction methodology, however, the electrodes used for sensing and actuation are segregated. Analytical models are generated and multivariable controllers robust to various forms of uncertainty are synthesized. This system is under development for non-contact testing of micro-scale devices