The lumber cut of the United States in 1905

Gerald W. Williams Collectio

The forests of Alaska

Gerald W. Williams Collectio

The forests of the United States : their use

Gerald W. Williams Collectio

When climate science became climate politics: British media representations of climate change in 1988

Climate change has become a pressing environmental concern for scientists, social commentators and politicians. Previous social science research has explored media representations of climate change in various temporal and geographical contexts. Through the lens of Social Representations Theory, this article provides a detailed qualitative thematic analysis of media representations of climate change in the 1988 British broadsheet press, given that this year constitutes an important juncture in this transition of climate change from the domain of science to that of the socio-political sphere. The following themes are outlined: (i) “Climate change: a multi-faceted threat”; (ii) “Collectivisation of threat”; (iii) “Climate change and the attribution of blame”; and (iv) “Speculative solutions to a complex socio-environmental problem.” The article provides detailed empirical insights into the “starting-point” for present-day disputes concerning climate change and lays the theoretical foundations for tracking the continuities and discontinuities characterising social representations of climate change in the future

Comparison of active treatments for impaired glucose regulation : a Salford Royal Foundation Trust and Hitachi collaboration (CATFISH): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Diabetes is highly prevalent and contributes to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Behaviour change interventions that target health and lifestyle factors associated with the onset of diabetes can delay progression to diabetes, but many approaches rely on intensive one-to-one contact by specialists. Health coaching is an approach based on motivational interviewing that can potentially deliver behaviour change interventions by non-specialists at a larger scale. This trial protocol describes a randomized controlled trial (CATFISH) that tests whether a web-enhanced telephone health coaching intervention (IGR3) is more acceptable and efficient than a telephone-only health coaching intervention (IGR2) for people with prediabetes (impaired glucose regulation). METHODS: CATFISH is a two-parallel group, single-centre individually randomized controlled trial. Eligible participants are patients aged ≥18 years with impaired glucose regulation (HbA1c concentration between 42 and 47 mmol/mol), have access to a telephone and home internet and have been referred to an existing telephone health coaching service at Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK. Participants who give written informed consent will be randomized remotely (via a clinical trials unit) to either the existing pathway (IGR2) or the new web-enhanced pathway (IGR3) for 9 months. The primary outcome measure is patient acceptability at 9 months, determined using the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire. Secondary outcome measures at 9 months are: cost of delivery of IGR2 and IGR3, mental health, quality of life, patient activation, self-management, weight (kg), HbA1c concentration, and body mass index. All outcome measures will be analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis. A qualitative process evaluation will explore the experiences of participants and providers with a focus on understanding usability of interventions, mechanisms of behaviour change, and impact of context on delivery and user acceptability. Qualitative data will be analyzed using Framework. DISCUSSION: The CATFISH trial will provide a pragmatic assessment of whether a web-based information technology platform can enhance acceptability of a telephone health coaching intervention for people with prediabetes. The data will prove critical in understanding the role of web applications to improve engagement with evidence-based approaches to preventing diabetes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN16534814 . Registered on 7 February 2016

Perceived language proficiency and pain assessment by registered and student nurses in native English-speaking and EAL children aged 4-7 years

Aims and Objectives To identify the factors that influence decisions made by health professionals when assessing the pain of native English speaking and children whose English is an Additional Language (EAL). Background Pain assessment in children is often poorly executed following acute injury. Whilst a range of pain assessment tools have been developed, little guidance is provided for assessing pain in EAL. Design Factorial survey design. Methods Twenty Minor Injuries Unit (MIU) nurses and twenty children’s nursing students participated in an electronic survey to make judgments on 12 scenarios describing a child attending a MIU following an incident, accompanied by a parent. Respondents had to decide the most important form of pain assessment, and whether they would ask a parent or an interpreter to assess the pain of the child. An open-ended question asked about the difficulties found in making a judgment. Results Observation of the child’s behaviour was the most common pain assessment reported. The Visual Analogue Scale was significantly associated with children with proficient English. Respondents were significantly more likely to involve parents in the assessment if they could speak English well compared to parents with poor English skills. Moreover, nursing students were significantly more likely than registered nurses to call for support from an interpreter. Thematic analysis identified three themes related to difficulties with pain assessment: contrasting approaches, differing perceptions of pain, and overcoming challenges. Conclusions The reduced ability to communicate between child, parent and healthcare professional highlights the need to identify forms of assessment based on individual cases. Relevance to clinical practice The number of children with EAL has seen a marked rise over the last decade. In situations where communication ability is reduced, assessment of pain should tailored to meet the needs of the child. This may require timely access to interpreter services

Origin and methods of hypnotism

Citation: Havens, Alonzo Charles. Horticulture on the farm. Senior thesis, Kansas State Agricultural College, 1896.Morse Department of Special CollectionsIntroduction: “The quality of animal bodies rendering them susceptible to the influences of heaven and earth”—such were the extravagant and meaningless terms in which, one hundred and thirty years ago, Anton Mesmer defined his theory of animal magnetism. Odic force, somnambulism, electro-biology, mesmerism, hypnotism—these are some of the names that have been applied to the phenomena of hypnotism in their development from the supernatural to the scientific form. During the early period of his career, Mesmer cured—or pretended to cure—diseases by the application of magnets to various parts of the body. Later, however, the magnet was discarded and the magical healing fluid was transmitted to the patient by means of “magnetic passes” or hand applications. Mesmer’s fame spread rapidly after his arrival in Paris in 1778, and to accommodate the large number of applicants, the baquet was invented

The timber supply of the United States.

no.16