Autonomy and coordination: a field study

With an emerging remote and dispersed workforce that is consequently more autonomous, OD professionals will need to understand how autonomy relates to coordination to help organizations adapt and be effective. The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between team member autonomy and inter-team coordination in organizations. The manager-team participants in this study spanned eleven industries, including 22 teams from 15 companies. The researcher took a mixed-method approach using interviews and surveys to assess autonomy and coordination. The research resulted in five variables: three variables measured coordination and two variables measured autonomy. Autonomy and coordination were significantly and positively correlated in one case. The other correlations were not significantly and positively correlated. The correlation implies that teams with a high percentage of independent work time and that spend little time being actively managed by their managers also coordinate on a higher volume of collaborative projects with other teams

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is defined as lung failure with a ratio of partial pressure oxygen (PaO2) to fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) \u3c100 (Michaels, Hill, Long, Young, Sperley, Shanks, & Morgan, 2013). ARDS is characterized by acute, widespread pulmonary inflammation due to infection (viral or bacterial), trauma, and/or inhaled toxins (Aokage, Palmer, Ichiba, & Takeda, 2015). Approximately 150,000 patients are diagnosed with ARDS each year in the U.S. with reported mortality rates varying from 20%-40% (Butt, Kurdowska, & Allen, 2016; Drahnak & Custer, 2015). The pathophysiology of acute respiratory syndrome is complex, and can result from a number of different insults. Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a life threatening condition that requires aggressive treatment with close monitoring. Successful treatment of ARDS requires expert knowledge from physicians, advanced practice nurses, bedside nurses, and respiratory therapists; all of whom must understand the complex underlying pathophysiology and critical nature of this condition

Bioética feminista y el concepto de salud mental

El surgimiento de la bioética se produce en los Estados Unidos, durante los años 70, en el contexto de las importantes transformaciones sociales y tecno-científicas que habían comenzado emerger en las dos décadas anteriores(Post, 2004). Si bien, inicialmente, el concepto había sido propuesto en referencia a la necesidad de establecer un puente entre las humanidades y las tecno-ciencias —que diera cuenta del impacto de las nuevas tecnologías en la supervivencia del ecosistema en su conjunto— (Potter, 1971); pronto se limitaría su alcance a la ética de la práctica clínica. En este sentido, el campo de la bioética sería consolidado y difundido, a fines de la década del 70, a partir de los conocidos cuatro principios prima facie de la ética biomédica, propuestos por Beauchamp y Childress: respeto por la autonomía, beneficencia, no maleficencia y justicia (Beauchamp & Childress, 2013). Sin embargo, una década más tarde se produciría un momento de revisión crítica (Garrafa, 2005); contexto en el que emergería la denominada bioética feminista con el fin de analizar y revertir los sesgos androcéntricos que presentaba —y continúa presentando— el marco bioético predominante (Mahowald, 1996).Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Justice, health, health care and the politics of difference. Reflections from the demands of the social movements in Argentina

La justicia sanitaria ha sido entendida, tradicionalmente, apenas como la aplicación del modelo distributivo de la justicia social al campo de la salud. El objetivo del presente artículo consiste en analizar, a partir del enfoque de Iris Young sobre las “políticas de la diferencia”, otras nociones de justicia sanitaria, contenidas en las demandas de diferentes movimientos sociales de Argentina. En función del análisis mencionado, ha sido posible identificar cuatro nociones que, si bien presuponen aspectos vinculados con la distribución de recursos, están, sin embargo, lejos de reducirse al modelo distributivo de la justicia.Health and health care justice have commonly been understood just as the application of the distributive model of social justice to the fields of health and health care. The purpose of this article is to analyze, based on Iris Young's approach to the “politics of difference”, other notions of justice in health and health care involved in the demands of several social movements in Argentina. Based on the aforementioned analysis, it has been possible to identify four different notions. Although they presuppose aspects related to the distribution of resources, they are far from being reduced to the distributive model of social justice.Dossier: Ética, derechos humanos, migraciones y saludFacultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Creating a new understanding of affiliation in the new age and neo-pagan new religious movements

The study of affiliation and disaffiliation from New Religious Movements has until now focused exclusively on communal groups that are in high tension with society. This study shows that in New Age and Neo-Pagan New Religious Movements, both of which are at a state of low tension with society, the process of leaving and joining these movements are radically different. Issues such as leader intervention, group pressure and community bonding do not pressure those within the religion because the religions are of such an individualized nature. Questioning the authority of the individual to seek out religious fulfillment and the challenges to find a community all influence the process of learning what each person needs from their own religion. The creation of the Internet has created a community for religious seekers that exists no where, yet gives security and support to those who wish to explore religion in privacy or those who are geographically or otherwise physically isolated. It will be argued that this changes the process of affiliation and disaffiliation in these groups into being an accepted and necessary learning process for each individual

Survivorship and Growth in Staghorn Coral (Acropora cervicornis) Outplanting Projects in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary

Significant population declines in Acropora cervicornis and A. palmata began in the 1970s and now exceed over 90%. The losses were caused by a combination of coral disease and bleaching, with possible contributions from other stressors, including pollution and predation. Reproduction in the wild by fragment regeneration and sexual recruitment is inadequate to offset population declines. Starting in 2007, the Coral Restoration Foundation™ evaluated the feasibility of outplanting A. cervicornis colonies to reefs in the Florida Keys to restore populations at sites where the species was previously abundant. Reported here are the results of 20 coral outplanting projects with each project defined as a cohort of colonies outplanted at the same time and location. Photogrammetric analysis and in situ monitoring (2007 to 2015) measured survivorship, growth, and condition of 2419 colonies. Survivorship was initially high but generally decreased after two years. Survivorship among projects based on colony counts ranged from 4% to 89% for seven cohorts monitored at least five years. Weibull survival models were used to estimate survivorship beyond the duration of the projects and ranged from approximately 0% to over 35% after five years and 0% to 10% after seven years. Growth rate averaged 10 cm/year during the first two years then plateaued in subsequent years. After four years, approximately one-third of surviving colonies were ≥ 50 cm in maximum diameter. Projects used three to sixteen different genotypes and significant differences did not occur in survivorship, condition, or growth. Restoration times for three reefs were calculated based on NOAA Recovery Plan (NRP) metrics (colony abundance and size) and the findings from projects reported here. Results support NRP conclusions that reducing stressors is required before significant population growth and recovery will occur. Until then, outplanting protects against local extinction and helps to maintain genetic diversity in the wild

Using the COMMVAC taxonomy to map vaccination communication interventions in Mozambique

Improved communication about childhood vaccination is fundamental to increasing vaccine uptake in low-income countries. Mozambique, with 64% of children fully vaccinated, uses a range of communication interventions to promote uptake of childhood immunisation.; Using a taxonomy developed by the 'Communicate to Vaccinate' (COMMVAC) project, the study aims to identify and classify the existing communication interventions for vaccination in Mozambique and to find the gaps.; We used a qualitative research approach to identify the range of communication interventions used in Mozambique. In-depth semi-structured interviews were carried out with key purposively selected personnel at national level and relevant documents were collected and analysed. These data were complemented with observations of communication during routine vaccination and campaigns in Nampula province. We used the COMMVAC taxonomy, which organises vaccination communication intervention according to its intended purpose and the population targeted, to map both routine and campaign interventions.; We identified interventions used in campaign and routine vaccination, or in both, fitting five of the seven taxonomy purposes, with informing or educating community members predominating. We did not identify any interventions that aimed to provide support or facilitate decision-making. There were interventions for all main target groups, although fewer for health providers. Overlap occurred: for example, interventions often targeted both parents and community members.; We consider that the predominant focus on informing and educating community members is appropriate in the Mozambican context, where there is a high level of illiteracy and poor knowledge of the reasons for vaccination. We recommend increasing interventions for health providers, in particular training them in better communication for vaccination. The taxonomy was useful for identifying gaps, but needs to be more user-friendly if it is to be employed as a tool by health service managers

Perceptions and experiences of childhood vaccination communication strategies among caregivers and health workers in Nigeria: a qualitative study

Effective vaccination communication with parents is critical in efforts to overcome barriers to childhood vaccination, tackle vaccine hesitancy and improve vaccination coverage. Health workers should be able to provide information to parents and other caregivers and support them in reaching decisions about vaccinating their children. Limited information exists regarding the perceptions of caregivers and health workers on the vaccination communication strategies employed in Nigeria. This study, which forms part of the 'Communicate to vaccinate' (COMMVAC) project, aims to explore the perceptions and experiences of caregivers and health workers in Nigeria on vaccination communication strategies implemented in their settings.; We conducted the study in two States: Bauchi in Northern Nigeria and Cross River in the south. We carried out observations (n = 40), in-depth interviews (n = 14) and focus group discussions (FGDs) (n = 12) amongst 14 purposively selected health workers, two community leaders and 84 caregivers in the two states. We transcribed data verbatim and analysed the data using a framework analysis approach.; Caregivers were informed about vaccination activities through three main sources: health facilities (during health education sessions conducted at antenatal or immunization clinics); media outlets; and announcements (in churches/mosques, communities and markets). Caregivers reported that the information received was very useful. Their preferred sources of information included phone text messages, town announcers, media and church/mosque announcements. Some caregivers perceived the clinic environment, long waiting times and health worker attitudes as barriers to receiving vaccination information.When delivering communication interventions, health workers described issues tied to poor communication skills; poor motivation; and attitudes of community members, including vaccine resistance.; Communication about vaccination involves more than the message but is also influenced by the environment and the attitudes of the deliverer and receiver. It is pertinent for health policy makers and programme managers to understand these factors so as to effectively implement communication approaches