A Multidimensional Approach to the Study of Social Anxiety and Friendships

Despite its inherently interpersonal nature, the specific ways in which social anxiety symptoms interact with and impact friendships has not been well-studied. Research suggests that social anxiety, when compared with other psychological disorders, has a specific relationship with friendship impairment; however, the mechanisms that explain how this impairment functions over time are not well-understood. The current study sought to test whether interpersonal styles--dependence, avoidance, warmth, dominance, and emotional expressivity--mediate the relationship between social anxiety and both self- and friend-report friendship functioning over time. Participants consisted of undergraduate students who nominated a friend to participate in the study; both the participants and their friends filled out questionnaires assessing friendship functioning. The friend dyads were again asked to fill out questionnaires assessing friendship functioning 2 to 3 months later. Using longitudinal mediation analyses, models testing each interpersonal style as a mediator between social anxiety at Time 1 and both self- and friend-report friendship functioning independently at Time 2 were tested. None of the interpersonal styles significantly longitudinally mediated the relationship between social anxiety at Time 1 and friendship functioning at Time 2. Potential reasons for the lack of significant findings are discussed and suggestions for future research are explored

Procrastinación académica y ansiedad en estudiantes de enfermería de una universidad privada de Chiclayo- 2017.

Esta investigación halló la relación que existe entre Procrastinación Académica y Ansiedad En Estudiantes De Enfermería De Una Universidad Privada De Chiclayo, en el estudio participaron 150 adolescentes entre hombres y personas de sexo femenino. Para la medición de las variables se utilizaron la Escala de Procrastinación y la Escala de Problemas de Ansiedad, ambos test validados en la ciudad de Trujillo Para el análisis de datos se tuvo en cuenta el estadístico de Pearson, siendo los resultados que se encontró correlación altamente significativa entre las variables principales con un valor de Pearson 0.013 (p < 0.05)Tesi

Condiciones laborales y satisfacción laboral de las enfermeras en la Micro Red Edificadores Misti, Arequipa 2022

En el trabajo de investigación que se desarrolló, se estableció como objetivo identificar la relación de las condiciones laborales y la satisfacción laboral de las enfermeras en la Micro Red Edificadores Misti, Arequipa 2022. Se desarrolló una investigación básica, se desarrolló mediante un diseño no experimental y transversal de tipo correlacional, trabajando con una muestra de 25 licenciadas de enfermería, obteniendo como resultados que mediante el uso de análisis estadístico no paramétrica Chi cuadrado con un valor de 15.94, con grados de libertad de 4 y un grado de significancia de 0,05. Se determinó que se hay una relación entre el nivel de satisfacción laboral y las condiciones de trabajo de los licenciados de enfermería. Para la variable sobre satisfacción laboral el 92% de las licenciadas de enfermería del Centro de Salud de Edificadores Misti, Arequipa 2022, presenta una alta satisfacción laboral, mientras que un 8% solo presentan una satisfacción laboral mediana, mientras que para la variable de condiciones de trabajo el 80 % de los licenciados de enfermería del Centro de Salud de Edificadores Misti, Arequipa 2022 indican buenas condiciones de trabajo, mientras que un 20% indican regular condiciones de trabajo. Concluyendo que las condiciones de trabajo y la satisfacción están relacionadas, presentando tanto alta satisfacción laborar y buenas condiciones de trabajo en el mayor porcentaje de licenciados de enfermería

Tissue-derived proinflammatory effect of adenosine A2B receptor in lung ischemia–reperfusion injury

ObjectiveIschemia–reperfusion injury after lung transplantation remains a major source of morbidity and mortality. Adenosine receptors have been implicated in both pro- and anti-inflammatory roles in ischemia–reperfusion injury. This study tests the hypothesis that the adenosine A2B receptor exacerbates the proinflammatory response to lung ischemia–reperfusion injury.MethodsAn in vivo left lung hilar clamp model of ischemia–reperfusion was used in wild-type C57BL6 and adenosine A2B receptor knockout mice, and in chimeras created by bone marrow transplantation between wild-type and adenosine A2B receptor knockout mice. Mice underwent sham surgery or lung ischemia–reperfusion (1 hour ischemia and 2 hours reperfusion). At the end of reperfusion, lung function was assessed using an isolated buffer-perfused lung system. Lung inflammation was assessed by measuring proinflammatory cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and neutrophil infiltration was assessed via myeloperoxidase levels in lung tissue.ResultsCompared with wild-type mice, lungs of adenosine A2B receptor knockout mice were significantly protected after ischemia–reperfusion, as evidenced by significantly reduced pulmonary artery pressure, increased lung compliance, decreased myeloperoxidase, and reduced proinflammatory cytokine levels (tumor necrosis factor-α; interleukin-6; keratinocyte chemoattractant; regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted; and monocyte chemotactic protein-1). Adenosine A2B receptor knockout→adenosine A2B receptor knockout (donor→recipient) and wild-type→ adenosine A2B receptor knockout, but not adenosine A2B receptor knockout→wild-type, chimeras showed significantly improved lung function after ischemia–reperfusion.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the adenosine A2B receptor plays an important role in mediating lung inflammation after ischemia–reperfusion by stimulating cytokine production and neutrophil chemotaxis. The proinflammatory effects of adenosine A2B receptor seem to be derived by adenosine A2B receptor activation primarily on resident pulmonary cells and not bone marrow-derived cells. Adenosine A2B receptor may provide a therapeutic target for prevention of ischemia–reperfusion-related graft dysfunction in lung transplant recipients

Meningococcal Meningitis Surveillance in the African Meningitis Belt, 2004-2013.

BACKGROUND: An enhanced meningitis surveillance network was established across the meningitis belt of sub-Saharan Africa in 2003 to rapidly collect, disseminate, and use district weekly data on meningitis incidence. Following 10 years' experience with enhanced surveillance that included the introduction of a group A meningococcal conjugate vaccine, PsA-TT (MenAfriVac), in 2010, we analyzed the data on meningitis incidence and case fatality from countries reporting to the network. METHODS: After de-duplication and reconciliation, data were extracted from the surveillance bulletins and the central database held by the World Health Organization Inter-country Support Team in Burkina Faso for countries reporting consistently from 2004 through 2013 (Benin, Burkina Faso, Chad, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Togo). RESULTS: The 10 study countries reported 341 562 suspected and confirmed cases over the 10-year study period, with a marked peak in 2009 due to a large epidemic of group A Neisseria meningitidis (NmA) meningitis. Case fatality was lowest (5.9%) during this year. A mean of 71 and 67 districts annually crossed the alert and epidemic thresholds, respectively. The incidence rate of NmA meningitis fell >10-fold, from 0.27 per 100,000 in 2004-2010 to 0.02 per 100,000 in 2011-2013 (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: In addition to supporting timely outbreak response, the enhanced meningitis surveillance system provides a global overview of the epidemiology of meningitis in the region, despite limitations in data quality and completeness. This study confirms a dramatic fall in NmA incidence after the introduction of PsA-TT

COMPUTER SIMULATIONS OF POSSIBLE FUTURES FOR TWO FLOCKS OF WHOOPING CRANES

We conducted computer simulations using the program VORTEX (version 7) to project population sizes, growth rates, genetic diversity, and probabilities of extinction over the next 100 years for 2 flocks of whooping cranes (Grus americana), the Aransas/Wood Buffalo population and the experimental Florida population. Standard runs based on best estimates of demographic. genetic, and environmental parameter values were used as a baseline to which several alternative scenarios were compared. Results generally supported the conclusion of the earlier Population Viability Assessment (Mirande et al. 1991) that the AransaslWood Buffalo population will continue to grow steadily with less than a 1 % probability of extinction. It was noted, however, that a combination of negative factors such as shrinking habitat and increased probabilities of catastrophes accompanied by increased mortality rates could put this population at risk. Results for the Florida population were less optimistic. The standard run produced a population growth rate (r) of only 0.0026 for the next 100 years, and this shifted down to -0.0001 over a 200-year time frame. Adult mortality in this flock would have to be about 20% lower than the predicted value (10%) in order to raise growth rates to above r = 0.02. Amount and duration of supplementation of the Florida flock had minimal impacts on the long-tenn growth rate of the flock. It is the enduring rates of mortality, breeding, and disease risk that will have major effects on this population. For example, if disease risks tum out to be greater than the best-estimate scenario, this population could face a relatively high risk of extinction (17%). The formula for success in Florida is lower adult mortality, lower age of first breeding, lower disease risk, and higher productivity than the best-guess estimates. Fortunately, there are some potential management interventions (e.g., predator control, vaccines and health monitoring, selective introductions to balance the sex ratio of the flock) that may be able to push the odds in favor of success

Reactive vaccination as a control strategy for pneumococcal meningitis outbreaks in the African meningitis belt: Analysis of outbreak data from Ghana.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is increasingly recognised as an important cause of bacterial meningitis in the African meningitis belt. The World Health Organization sets guidelines for response to outbreaks of meningococcal meningitis, but there are no current guidelines for outbreaks where S. pneumoniae is implicated. We aimed to evaluate the impact of using a similar response to target outbreaks of vaccine-preventable pneumococcal meningitis in the meningitis belt. Here, we adapt a previous model of reactive vaccination for meningococcal outbreaks to estimate the potential impact of reactive vaccination in a recent pneumococcal meningitis outbreak in the Brong-Ahafo region of central Ghana using weekly line list data on all suspected cases over a period of five months. We determine the sensitivity and specificity of various epidemic thresholds and model the cases and deaths averted by reactive vaccination. An epidemic threshold of 10 suspected cases per 100,000 population per week performed the best, predicting large outbreaks with 100% sensitivity and more than 85% specificity. In this outbreak, reactive vaccination would have prevented a lower number of cases per individual vaccinated (approximately 15,300 doses per case averted) than previously estimated for meningococcal outbreaks. Since the burden of death and disability from pneumococcal meningitis is higher than that from meningococcal meningitis, there may still be merit in considering reactive vaccination for outbreaks of pneumococcal meningitis. More outbreak data are needed to refine our model estimates. Whatever policy is followed, we emphasize the importance of timely laboratory confirmation of suspected cases to enable appropriate decisions about outbreak response

Consensus on the reporting and experimental design of clinical and cognitive-behavioural neurofeedback studies (CRED-nf checklist)

Neurofeedback has begun to attract the attention and scrutiny of the scientific and medical mainstream. Here, neurofeedback researchers present a consensus-derived checklist that aims to improve the reporting and experimental design standards in the field.</p