Gambaran Diatomea pada Perairan Muara Sungai Rokan Kecamatan Bangko dan Kecamatan Batu Hampar Kabupaten Rokan Hilir sebagai Diagnosis Penunjang Identifikasi Lokasi Korban Mati Tenggelam

Diatomea investigation in the body of drowning victims is one of important investigation todetermination the drowning victims location. Diatomea is sould in the lung or another organfrom the body of victims as prove of drowning intra-vitality it means the victims are still alivewhen they are in the water and they are dead because of it. Diatomea species determining can beconcluded as a supporting diagnose to identify the location of drowning victims by comparingthe diatomea in the victims body with diatomea species in the water this research is a descriptiveresearch which is purposed for recognizing the species and the diatomea abundant in theRokan's River Estuary of Bangko Sub-district and Batu Hampar Sub-district Rokan HilirRegency this research sample is taken from five research of stasions as purposive sampling. Thisresearch was done in April and May 2013 at Rokan's River Estuary in Sub-district BangkoAnd Subdistrict Batu Hampar Rokan Hilir Regency. Diatomea investigation was done by usingBinocular microscope. This determining was done by using Masaharu and Yunfang atlas theabundant was searched by counted and numbered by using American Public Health Associations(APHA) formula.Diatomea was founded eight species they are: Aulocoseira sp, Diatoma sp, Nitzchia sp,Isthmia sp, Melosira sp, Navicula sp, Skeletonema sp, Bitdulphia sp. The abundant of diatomeais founded 11152,2 sel/L when the water comes up and I found 9132,6 sel/L when the water comedown with the Diatoma sp as the most dominant diatomea as a mount as 4986,4 sel/L when thewater comes up and with diatoma sp as the most dominant Diatomea as amount as 3799,8 sel/L

Medium Energy Ion Scattering of Gr on SiC(0001) and Si(100)

Depth profiling of graphene with high-resolution ion beam analysis is a practical method for analysis of monolayer thicknesses of graphene. Not only is the energy resolution sufficient to resolve graphene from underlying SiC, but by use of isotope labeling it is possible to tag graphene generated from reacted ethylene. Furthermore, we are able to analyze graphene supported by oxidized Si(100) substrates, allowing the study of graphene films grown by chemical vapor deposition on metal and transfered to silicon. This introduces a powerful method to explore the fundamentals of graphene formation

A unified global investigation on the spectral effects of soiling losses of PV glass substrates: preliminary results

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from IEEE via the DOI in this recordThe present work reports on the initial results of an international collaboration aiming to investigate the spectral effects of soiling losses. Identical glass coupons have been exposed outdoors for eight weeks in different locations worldwide, and weekly direct and hemispherical transmittance (T%) measurements are compared. Maximum losses as high as 7% and 50% in hemispherical and direct transmittance, respectively, have been found during the 8-week outdoor exposure. At the end of the data collection, a preliminary analysis of the spectral impact of soiling has been performed. The results show that the blue end of the spectrum is more affected and that lower hemispherical T% correlate to larger area covered by particles.Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)US Department of Energ

Extremely stable graphene electrodes doped with macromolecular acid

Although conventional p-type doping using small molecules on graphene decreases its sheet resistance (Rsh), it increases after exposure to ambient conditions, and this problem has been considered as the biggest impediment to practical application of graphene electrodes. Here, we report an extremely stable graphene electrode doped with macromolecular acid (perfluorinated polymeric sulfonic acid (PFSA)) as a p-type dopant. The PFSA doping on graphene provides not only ultra-high ambient stability for a very long time (> 64 days) but also high chemical/thermal stability, which have been unattainable by doping with conventional small-molecules. PFSA doping also greatly increases the surface potential (similar to 0.8 eV) of graphene, and reduces its Rsh by similar to 56%, which is very important for practical applications. High-efficiency phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes are fabricated with the PFSA-doped graphene anode (similar to 98.5 cd A(-1) without out-coupling structures). This work lays a solid platform for practical application of thermally-/chemically-/air-stable graphene electrodes in various optoelectronic devices

Modelling photovoltaic soiling losses through optical characterization

The accumulation of soiling on photovoltaic (PV) modules affects PV systems worldwide. Soiling consists of mineral dust, soot particles, aerosols, pollen, fungi and/or other contaminants that deposit on the surface of PV modules. Soiling absorbs, scatters, and reflects a fraction of the incoming sunlight, reducing the intensity that reaches the active part of the solar cell. Here, we report on the comparison of naturally accumulated soiling on coupons of PV glass soiled at seven locations worldwide. The spectral hemispherical transmittance was measured. It was found that natural soiling disproportionately impacts the blue and ultraviolet (UV) portions of the spectrum compared to the visible and infrared (IR). Also, the general shape of the transmittance spectra was similar at all the studied sites and could adequately be described by a modified form of the Ångström turbidity equation. In addition, the distribution of particles sizes was found to follow the IEST-STD-CC 1246E cleanliness standard. The fractional coverage of the glass surface by particles could be determined directly or indirectly and, as expected, has a linear correlation with the transmittance. It thus becomes feasible to estimate the optical consequences of the soiling of PV modules from the particle size distribution and the cleanliness value

Experimental demonstration of a transparent graphene millimetre wave absorber with 28% fractional bandwidth at 140 GHz

The development of transparent radio-frequency electronics has been limited, until recently, by the lack of suitable materials. Naturally thin and transparent graphene may lead to disruptive innovations in such applications. Here, we realize optically transparent broadband absorbers operating in the millimetre wave regime achieved by stacking graphene bearing quartz substrates on a ground plate. Broadband absorption is a result of mutually coupled Fabry-Perot resonators represented by each graphene-quartz substrate. An analytical model has been developed to predict the absorption performance and the angular dependence of the absorber. Using a repeated transfer-and-etch process, multilayer graphene was processed to control its surface resistivity. Millimetre wave reflectometer measurements of the stacked graphene-quartz absorbers demonstrated excellent broadband absorption of 90% with a 28% fractional bandwidth from 125-165 GHz. Our data suggests that the absorbers’ operation can also be extended to microwave and low-terahertz bands with negligible loss in performance