Intégration des données MAR dans un SIG décisionnel

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COMPLEMENTARITY OF VECTOR AND RASTER MODELS IN SPATIAL DATA CUBES FOR RISK ANALYSIS. APPLICATION FOR THE BRUSSELS EMERGENCY SERVICES

peer reviewedA Business Intelligence (BI) tool has been developed in order to facilitate the analysis of territorial risks for the Brussels emergency services. Our hypothesis is that a hybrid SOLAP combining raster and vector data cubes can improve the analysis of the spatial distribution of recurrent risks, by allowing the comparison between risk density maps built using Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) and risk density maps based on absolute numbers of interventions per geographic vector entity. We use here a unique metamodel for the instantiation of the cube models, the management of SOLAP operations (filters, drillings) and the navigation in a hybrid raster/vector constellation. We propose a decomposition of the raster cubes into cuboids in order to guarantee fast drilling operations for the user. Another originality of this SOLAP tool is the possibility to integrate a geographic dimension level that evolves according to the positioning of the rescue stations simulated by the user while taking into account the speed constraints of the Brussels road network

OBTENTION D’OBJETS SÉMANTIQUES 3D POUR LES APPLICATIONS URBAINES - SEM3D

Ce projet fournit à la ville de Liège des procédures d’extraction d’objets 3D urbains nécessaire à l’implémentation de jumeaux numériques urbains. La chaîne de traitement repose notamment sur l’application de méthodes de deeplearning sur des données Lidar et des orthophotos de la région wallonne.SEM 3

ÉVALUATION DE LA QUALITÉ DES GÉODONNÉES ET OPERATIONALISATION DE LA DIRECTIVE INSPIRE : RETOUR D'EXPERIENCE

peer reviewedIn the same way as the French Référentiel à Grande Echelle (RGE), the Walloon Public Service aims to set up its own Georepository. This repository is intended to respond to the establishment of an Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community under the INSPIRE directive. It consists among other things in ensuring the availability of the first reference geoadata whose quality is guaranteed and in coherence with the business needs of the users for the Walloon territory. With this in mind, the Geomatics Unit of the University of Liège, in collaboration with the Technical Committee of the Public Service of Wallonia for the Georepository and the Geometrology Departement, proposes a quality control methodology for three prospective geodata of the Georepository: buildings, road axes and addresses. One of the outcomes of this project was the definition of a theorical basis for the validation of geodata quality. This article presents its main findings and conclusions

Monitoring Black Sea environmental changes from space: New products for altimetry, ocean colour and salinity. Potentialities and requirements for a dedicated in-situ observing system

21 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables, supplementary material https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.998970/full#supplementary-material.-- Data availability statement: The datasets generated for this study can be found on the web interface (http://www.eo4sibs.uliege.be/) and on Zenodo under data doi: 10.5281/zenodo.6397223 with a full documentation that include Products User Manuals (PUM) and Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). All these products are distributed in netCDF files Grégoire et al. (2022). SMOS SSS and CDM products are also available at https://bec.icm.csic.es/bec-ftp-service/In this paper, satellite products developed during the Earth Observation for Science and Innovation in the Black Sea (EO4SIBS) ESA project are presented. Ocean colour, sea level anomaly and sea surface salinity datasets are produced for the last decade and validated with regional in-situ observations. New data processing is tested to appropriately tackle the Black Sea’s particular configuration and geophysical characteristics. For altimetry, the full rate (20Hz) altimeter measurements from Cryosat-2 and Sentinel-3A are processed to deliver a 5Hz along-track product. This product is combined with existing 1Hz product to produce gridded datasets for the sea level anomaly, mean dynamic topography, geostrophic currents. This new set of altimetry gridded products offers a better definition of the main Black Sea current, a more accurate reconstruction and characterization of eddies structure, in particular, in coastal areas, and improves the observable wavelength by a factor of 1.6. The EO4SIBS sea surface salinity from SMOS is the first satellite product for salinity in the Black Sea. Specific data treatments are applied to remedy the issue of land-sea and radio frequency interference contamination and to adapt the dielectric constant model to the low salinity and cold waters of the Black Sea. The quality of the SMOS products is assessed and shows a significant improvement from Level-2 to Level -3 and Level-4 products. Level-4 products accuracy is 0.4-0.6 psu, a comparable value to that in the Mediterranean Sea. On average SMOS sea surface salinity is lower than salinity measured by Argo floats, with a larger error in the eastern basin. The adequacy of SMOS SSS to reproduce the spatial characteristics of the Black Sea surface salinity and, in particular, plume patterns is analyzed. For ocean colour, chlorophyll-a, turbidity and suspended particulate materials are proposed using regional calibrated algorithms and satellite data provided by OLCI sensor onboard Sentinel-3 mission. The seasonal cycle of ocean colour products is described and a water classification scheme is proposed. The development of these three types of products has suffered from important in-situ data gaps that hinder a sound calibration of the algorithms and a proper assessment of the datasets quality. We propose recommendations for improving the in-situ observing system that will support the development of satellite productsThis work has been carried out as part of the European Space Agency contract Earth Observation data For Science and Innovations in the Black Sea (EO4SIBS, ESA contract n° 4000127237/19/I-EF). MG received fundings from the Copernicus Marine Service (CMEMS), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 BRIDGE-BS project under grant agreement No. 101000240 and by the Project CE2COAST funded by ANR(FR), BELSPO (BE), FCT (PT), IZM (LV), MI (IE), MIUR (IT), Rannis (IS), and RCN (NO) through the 2019 “Joint Transnational Call on Next Generation Climate Science in Europe for Oceans” initiated by JPI Climate and JPI Oceans. The research on SMOS SSS has been also supported in part by the Spanish R&D project INTERACT (PID2020-114623RB-C31), which is funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, funding from the Spanish government through the “Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence” accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S) and the CSIC Thematic Interdisciplinary Platform TeledetectPeer reviewe

Integrative Annotation of 21,037 Human Genes Validated by Full-Length cDNA Clones

The human genome sequence defines our inherent biological potential; the realization of the biology encoded therein requires knowledge of the function of each gene. Currently, our knowledge in this area is still limited. Several lines of investigation have been used to elucidate the structure and function of the genes in the human genome. Even so, gene prediction remains a difficult task, as the varieties of transcripts of a gene may vary to a great extent. We thus performed an exhaustive integrative characterization of 41,118 full-length cDNAs that capture the gene transcripts as complete functional cassettes, providing an unequivocal report of structural and functional diversity at the gene level. Our international collaboration has validated 21,037 human gene candidates by analysis of high-quality full-length cDNA clones through curation using unified criteria. This led to the identification of 5,155 new gene candidates. It also manifested the most reliable way to control the quality of the cDNA clones. We have developed a human gene database, called the H-Invitational Database (H-InvDB; http://www.h-invitational.jp/). It provides the following: integrative annotation of human genes, description of gene structures, details of novel alternative splicing isoforms, non-protein-coding RNAs, functional domains, subcellular localizations, metabolic pathways, predictions of protein three-dimensional structure, mapping of known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), identification of polymorphic microsatellite repeats within human genes, and comparative results with mouse full-length cDNAs. The H-InvDB analysis has shown that up to 4% of the human genome sequence (National Center for Biotechnology Information build 34 assembly) may contain misassembled or missing regions. We found that 6.5% of the human gene candidates (1,377 loci) did not have a good protein-coding open reading frame, of which 296 loci are strong candidates for non-protein-coding RNA genes. In addition, among 72,027 uniquely mapped SNPs and insertions/deletions localized within human genes, 13,215 nonsynonymous SNPs, 315 nonsense SNPs, and 452 indels occurred in coding regions. Together with 25 polymorphic microsatellite repeats present in coding regions, they may alter protein structure, causing phenotypic effects or resulting in disease. The H-InvDB platform represents a substantial contribution to resources needed for the exploration of human biology and pathology

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Integrative annotation of 21,037 human genes validated by full-length cDNA clones.

publication en ligne. Article dans revue scientifique avec comité de lecture. nationale.National audienceThe human genome sequence defines our inherent biological potential; the realization of the biology encoded therein requires knowledge of the function of each gene. Currently, our knowledge in this area is still limited. Several lines of investigation have been used to elucidate the structure and function of the genes in the human genome. Even so, gene prediction remains a difficult task, as the varieties of transcripts of a gene may vary to a great extent. We thus performed an exhaustive integrative characterization of 41,118 full-length cDNAs that capture the gene transcripts as complete functional cassettes, providing an unequivocal report of structural and functional diversity at the gene level. Our international collaboration has validated 21,037 human gene candidates by analysis of high-quality full-length cDNA clones through curation using unified criteria. This led to the identification of 5,155 new gene candidates. It also manifested the most reliable way to control the quality of the cDNA clones. We have developed a human gene database, called the H-Invitational Database (H-InvDB; http://www.h-invitational.jp/). It provides the following: integrative annotation of human genes, description of gene structures, details of novel alternative splicing isoforms, non-protein-coding RNAs, functional domains, subcellular localizations, metabolic pathways, predictions of protein three-dimensional structure, mapping of known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), identification of polymorphic microsatellite repeats within human genes, and comparative results with mouse full-length cDNAs. The H-InvDB analysis has shown that up to 4% of the human genome sequence (National Center for Biotechnology Information build 34 assembly) may contain misassembled or missing regions. We found that 6.5% of the human gene candidates (1,377 loci) did not have a good protein-coding open reading frame, of which 296 loci are strong candidates for non-protein-coding RNA genes. In addition, among 72,027 uniquely mapped SNPs and insertions/deletions localized within human genes, 13,215 nonsynonymous SNPs, 315 nonsense SNPs, and 452 indels occurred in coding regions. Together with 25 polymorphic microsatellite repeats present in coding regions, they may alter protein structure, causing phenotypic effects or resulting in disease. The H-InvDB platform represents a substantial contribution to resources needed for the exploration of human biology and pathology

Spatial OnLine Analytical Processing Applied to Cities Security with Raster Data - A Case Study on Emergency Services of Brussels Agglomeration

Public institutions in charge of cities security are confronted to always more complex and voluminous data. In particular, georeferenced data can be extracted from many sources: mobile phones, social media, cars, security camera, satellite images, crowdsourcing, geography portals, etc. Uses of these data are various. For instance, it is very precious to firefighters in order to fairly distribute their resources (equipment and men) on the territory. These large spatial data sets (“Big Data”) require powerful tools for their extraction and their analysis. For this purpose, an original Spatial OnLine Analytical Processing (SOLAP) model is developed for emergency services. A case study involving firefighters and medical aids of Brussels is presentedAnalyse de risque SIAM

SOLAP prototype applied on field raster data. Crime hot spots analysis

SOLAP (Spatial OnLine Analytical Processing) is a server which allows decision makers to quickly analyze archived data from a spatial datawarehouse. Until now, most of SOLAP tools only manage spatial data through the vector mode. However, some visualization techniques use interpolation to transform them into continuous fields in raster mode. Crime hotspot mapping is one of them: data are modeled in raster with a KDE (Kernel Density Estimation) algorithm to offer a spatially continuous visualization of crimes. This research aims at combining hotspot mapping and SOLAP. First, we adapt SOLAP to continuous fields with a raster multidimensional data model. Then the raster model is adapted to KDE. The data model is validated with a prototype including London crime data.Les outils SOLAP (Spatial OnLine Analytical Processing) sont des serveurs permettant l’analyse rapide de données archivées dans un entrepôt de données à des fins décisionnelles. Actuellement, la plupart des solutions SOLAP ne gèrent les données spatiales qu’à travers le mode vecteur. Cependant, certaines techniques de visualisation transforment les données vectorielles en champs continus raster par interpolation. C’est notamment le cas en cartographie de la criminalité où un algorithme d’estimation de la densité par la méthode du noyau (« Kernel Density Estimation », ou KDE) est utilisé sur des délits ponctuels pour produire des cartes de hot spots. Ces cartes offrent ainsi une vision spatialement continue de la criminalité. Le but de cette recherche est de combiner les techniques du SOLAP et des cartes de hot spots. Un modèle de données multidimensionnel raster adapté aux champs continus est d’abord établi. Ensuite, ce modèle est appliqué aux KDE pour servir de base au prototype présenté ici avec des données de criminalité londoniennes