Modelling and solving logistical problems with combinatorial optimization: case Parmatic

This paper deals with various logistical optimisation problems by modelling them with modified versions of, or problems related to, the Vehicle Routing Problem. The problem is modelled as an Asymmetrical Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem with multiple vehicles, the number of vehicles being found from solving the Bin Packing Problem. First, a linear programming formulation is constructed. Then an object-oriented programming implementation is derived from the original formulation, and implemented into a tool used to solve an empirical case from a construction company. The tool used is a Java-based application developed by the author

The governance of basic health coverage: A systematic review

Background: Governance is a concept with multiple meanings. In health coverage systems around the world, there is always an interest in studying governance and measuring its impact on the performance of existing systems and proposing evaluation tools. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the application of governance in health medical coverage systems across the globe by conducting a systematic literature review. Specifically, it looked at whether we can define a standard model of health coverage governance and assess the governance of a country’s medical coverage. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted using Google Scholar in July 2019. We searched studies, published from 2002 to July 2019, on the governance of basic health coverage that were published in English and French. A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology was followed to conduct systematic reviews. Results: We identified 27 studies that met our inclusion criteria. The governance of basic health coverage is analyzed in all publications that focused on health systems in a particular country or more that one country or looked at the phenomenon globally. A few of the included studies carried out specifications of governance in a health medical coverage context. The World Bank proposes an evaluation framework of the governance of health medical coverage using five main dimensions: coherent decision-making structures, stakeholder participation, transparency and information, supervision and regulation, and consistency and stability. Conclusions: Our systematic review of the governance of basic health coverage showed that few studies have focused on this topic. The difficulty lies in the interaction that exists between basic health coverage and other systems: health and social protection systems. Our study also concluded that one study, that of the World Bank, evaluated the governance of basic health coverage. This reflection will be useful for all decision-makers who want to assess the governance of their health care system, provided that it is adapted to the country context. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 2020; 34(3): 217-225] Key words: Governance, social security, health insurance, basic health coverag

"ALAKKO NÄÄ MUA?" : Lasten ja senioreiden välisen vuorovaikutuksen tukeminen toiminnallisin tuokioin – yhteistyössä Oulun kaupungin Merikotkan päiväkodin ja Oulun palvelusäätiön Merikotkantien palvelutalon kanssa

Toteutimme toiminnallisen opinnäytetyön "Alakko nää mua?"-toimintatuokioina Oulun kaupungin Merikotkan päiväkodin kolmelletoista lapselle ja Oulun palvelusäätiön Merikotkantien palvelutalon senioreille leikin, liikunnan, musiikin, kuvataiteen ja yhdessä tekemisen keinoin. Järjestimme neljä yhteistä toimintakertaa lasten ja senioreiden kanssa, jotka toteutimme huhtikuun 2016 aikana. Toimintakertojen lisäksi pidimme molemmille ryhmille erilliset tutustumiskerrat ennen yhteisten toimintojen aloitusta, ja palautehetket toimintakertojen jälkeen. Valitsimme opinnäytetyömme aiheen, koska olemme kiinnostuneita lapsuudesta ja ikääntymisestä. Näemme lapsissa yhteiskunnan tulevaisuutta ja haluamme tukea lasten hyvinvointia. Ikääntyminen elämänvaiheena kiinnostaa meitä, koska se koskettaa meitä kaikkia ja ymmärrämme, että Suomessa ikääntyneiden osuus väestöstä kasvaa. Suunnittelimme ”Alakko nää mua?” -kerhomme toiminnan sisällön opinnäytetyömme tietoperustan pohjalta. Tietoperustassa käsittelemme lapsuutta elämänvaiheena, ikääntymistä elämänvai-heena, lapsen ja ikääntyneen välistä vuorovaikutusta, sukupolvityötä ja ohjattua toimintaa eri elämänvaiheissa. Toimintamme tavoitteena oli kehittää ja vahvistaa päiväkodin ja palvelutalon jo olemassa olevaa toimintaa sekä luoda uutta toimintaa vanhan päälle. Tavoitteenamme oli myös edistää sukupolvien välistä vuorovaikutusta ja saada heille uusia kokemuksia toiminnallisten tuokioiden kautta. Halusimme tuoda toimintamme kautta iloa ja hyviä muistoja kohderyhmän lapsille ja senioreille. Saimme kehitettyä ja vahvistettua päiväkodin ja palvelutalon olemassa olevaa yhteistoimintaa tuomalla uusia senioreita ja uudenlaisia toimintatapoja mukaan sekä tehtyä toiminnasta sellaisen, että joku ulkopuolinen ohjaa sitä. Edistimme sukupolvien välistä vuorovaikutusta tuomalla lapset ja seniorit yhteen ja yhteiset toiminnot loivat vuorovaikutusta näiden kahden sukupolven välille. Kerhossamme lasten ja senioreiden välillä vuorovaikutus lisääntyi joka kerta enemmän ja vuorovaikutusta syntyi luontevasti ilman ohjaustakin. Yksi toimintamme tärkeistä lopputuloksista oli päiväkodin ja palvelutalon välisen toiminnan vahvistuminen työmme kautta ja tämä näkyi uusien yhteistoimintojen suunnitteluna. Lapset ja seniorit kokivat toimintamme mukavaksi ja tarpeelliseksi ja he haluaisivat jatkaa vastaavanlaista yhteistoimintaa. Yksi jatkotutkimusaihe työllemme voisi olla sukupolvityön menetelmän hyödyllisyydestä tiedottaminen päiväkodeille ja palvelutaloille. Tällä tavoin voitaisiin saada innostettua muitakin toimipaikkoja hyödyntämään lasten ja senioreiden yhteistoimintaa

A PRODUCTION PLANNING OF MIXED CHAMPIGNON PRODUCT TO OPTIMIZE PROFIT GAINED BY PT X

PT X adalah perusahaan di bidang agroindustri khususnya pada komoditas jamur kancing. Jamur kancing memiliki umur simpan yang pendek sehingga harus segera dijual ke konsumen atau diproses menjadi produk olahan. Jumlah permintaan jamur tidak pasti, menyebabkan terjadinya kelebihan atau kekurangan produksi baik pada produk segar maupun olahan. Oleh karena itu, perlu untuk menghitung rencana kombinasi produk yang dapat memenuhi tujuan yang diinginkan dan mendapatkan solusi yang memuaskan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode goal programming dalam perencanaan produk kombinasi. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan permintaan produk dan ketersediaan bahan baku dari Januari 2017 hingga Desember 2019. Selain itu, data kebutuhan bahan baku, jam tenaga kerja, biaya produksi, dan harga setiap produk juga digunakan. Data historis terkait jumlah permintaan dan ketersediaan bahan baku digunakan untuk meramalkan jumlah permintaan dan ketersediaan bahan baku pada periode perencanaan menggunakan model ARIMA. Penentuan tingkat prioritas yang digunakan dalam pemodelan goal programming pada penelitian ini menggunakan pairwise comparison. Berdasarkan hasil perencanaan yang telah dibuat untuk bulan Januari 2020, total jumlah produksi fresh champignon yaitu 22.584 kg, produk 250 mL whole champignon sebanyak 4.499 unit, produk 900 mL whole champignon sebanyak 2.571 unit, produk 250 mL sliced champignon sebanyak 4.567 unit, produk 900 mL sliced champignon sebanyak 32.306 unit, dan produk canned champignon sebanyak 85 unit. Model peramalan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini representatif berdasarkan verifikasi yang telah dilakukan. Kata kunci: jamur kancing, goal programming, perencanaan produksi, ARIM

Potencijalna upotreba auksotrofnih aroa i aroc mutanata yersinia ruckeri kao žive atenuirane vakcine

Yersinia ruckeri causes yersiniosis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Yersiniosis is the main causes of high mortalities and severe economic losses in freshwater and marine aquaculture. To treat and prevent yersiniosis, antibiotics and inactive vaccines have been used. However, use of antibiotics can cause antibiotic resistance in bacteria, while inactive vaccines do not provide prolonged protection against bacterial fish diseases. Formation of antibiotic resistance in bacteria against antibiotics, and chemical contamination of the environment are some of the undesirable outcomes. For these reasons, prevention of fish diseases using vaccination strategies is important for ensuring the profitability and sustainability of aquaculture production. The objective of this research is to develop live attenuated vaccines against yersiniosis. To reach this aim, aroA and aroC genes of Y. ruckeri have been mutated and virulence and efficacy of these mutants are characterized. Our main hypothesis is that Y. ruckeri with mutations in their aromatic amino acid biosynthesis network (aro) will lose their ability to cause infections in fish and these will be used as live vaccines. To accomplish the aim of this research, 5' and 3' regions of Y. ruckeri aroA (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate syntheses) and aroC (2, 3-dihydroxybenzoic acid) genes are amplified and DNA fragments mutated by overlap extension PCR will be cloned into a suicide plasmid (pDS132). This plasmid will be transferred to Y. ruckeri for replacing wild type genes with mutated aroA and aroC genes via homologous recombination. Successful completion of this phase is expected to yield live attenuated vaccine candidates. It is expected that these live attenuated vaccines will provide resistance against the wild type Y. ruckeri infections in trout, and thus, prevent onset and progress of diseases. Successful completion of this study is expected to prevent fish losses due to Y. ruckeri infections and increase the profitability of aquaculture. Contend with fish diseases using traditional methods is generally ineffective and expensive

A Review of Catfish Genomics: Progress and Perspectives

Catfish is one of the lower teleosts whose genome research is important for evolutionary genomics. As the major aquaculture species in the USA, its genome research also has practical and economical implications. Much progress has been made in recent years, including the development of large numbers of molecular markers, the construction of framework genetic linkage maps, the identification of putative markers involved in performance traits, and the development of genomic resources. Repetitive elements have been identified and characterized in the catfish genome that should facilitate physical analysis of the catfish genome. A large number of genes or full-length cDNAs have been analysed using genomic approaches, providing information on gene structure, gene evolution and gene expression in relation to functions. Catfish genome research has come to a stage when physical mapping through BAC contig construction is greatly demanded, in order to develop regional markers for QTL analysis and for large-scale comparative mapping. The current effort in large-scale EST analysis and type I marker mapping should further enhance research efficiency through comparative mapping. Candidate gene identification is being accelerated through the use of cDNA microarrays

Proteomic analysis of the fish pathogen Flavobacterium columnare

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Flavobacterium columnare </it>causes columnaris disease in cultured and wild fish populations worldwide. Columnaris is the second most prevalent bacterial disease of commercial channel catfish industry in the United States. Despite its economic importance, little is known about the expressed proteins and virulence mechanisms of <it>F. columnare</it>. Here, we report the first high throughput proteomic analysis of <it>F. columnare </it>using 2-D LC ESI MS/MS and 2-DE MALDI TOF/TOF MS.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Proteins identified in this study and predicted from the draft <it>F. columnare </it>genome were clustered into functional groups using clusters of orthologous groups (COGs), and their subcellular locations were predicted. Possible functional relations among the identified proteins were determined using pathway analysis. The total number of unique <it>F. columnare </it>proteins identified using both 2-D LC and 2-DE approaches was 621, of which 10.95% (68) were identified by both methods, while 77.29% (480) and 11.76% (73) were unique in 2-D LC and 2-DE, respectively. COG groupings and subcellular localizations were similar between our data set and proteins predicted from the whole genome. Twenty eight pathways were significantly represented in our dataset (<it>P </it>< 0.05).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Results from this study provide experimental evidence for many proteins that were predicted from the <it>F. columnare </it>genome annotation, and they should accelerate functional and comparative studies aimed at understanding virulence mechanisms of this important pathogen.</p

Etude du contexte de la gouvernance du système la couverture médicale de base au Maroc

Cette étude examine le contexte de la gouvernance de la couverture médicale de base au Maroc.  L’objectif principal est d’analyser l’évolution de l’application de la gouvernance dans le service public et son influence sur le chantier de la Couverture Médicale de Base(CMB). La méthodologie se repose sur une recherche dans les publications institutionnelles au Maroc du gouvernement et les acteurs de la CMB. L’application des principes de la bonne gouvernance est un challenge lancé par le Maroc après la constitution de 2011, qui a été concrétisé dans le programme du gouvernement. Le système de la CMB depuis son lancement met en liaison plusieurs acteurs dans les deux pôles : Assurance Maladie Obligatoire(AMO) et Régime d’Assistance Médicale(RAMED). La Gouvernance de ce chantier prend en considération les contraintes financières et organisationnelles. Après 12 ans la rentrée en vigueur de la loi 65-00, les décideurs procèdent à une évaluation du modèle existant afin de l’améliorer pour qu’il suive les changements de son contexte, ce qui a donné lieu à des projets de partenariat avec des acteurs internationaux comme la Banque Africaine du Développement et La Commission Européenne