INTERGENERATIONAL AMBIVALENCE AMONG IRANIAN REFUGEE FAMILIES IN FINLAND

This article focuses on the process through which intergenerational ambivalence is experienced by a group of adult children and their parents with an Iranian refugee background living in Finland. This ethnographic study provides an insight into how the families' struggles to mobilize capital in different forms can contribute to their experience of intergenerational ambivalence. The study indicates that when the parents' social, economic and cultural capitals accumulated prior to migration are not accessible or valuable in Finland, they become dependent on their children's conduct. This produces a contradictory demand on the participants roles as parents and children, where they face difficulties in navigating their role expectations. The families in this study expressed a significant ambivalence in their intergenerational relationships associated with these stressful conditions.Peer reviewe

Psihoanalitičko čitanje odabranih perzijskih dječjih igrokaza

Once theatre aims at children, who are the citizens and decision makers of the future, it can influence the course of society through the values and worldviews that it promotes. The exceptional capacity of this medium in engaging the audience, along with children’s receptiveness, necessitates a meticulous study of the ideologies embedded in plays. This study unravels how these ideological factors can hamper the theatre’s main purpose which is to encourage the audience to form individual fantasies. Accordingly, Žižek’s theories are drawn upon for their hints on ideology, fantasy, reality, and subjectivity. Taking his psychoanalytic views into account, four Persian plays are examined to determine what ideologies underlie these plays’ motifs and instructions, as well as what may justify their presence in plays. On close inspection, it becomes evident that these plays are loaded with conscious manipulative ideologies which are intended to train homogeneous social members rather than present objective glimpses of real life.Jednom kad se kazalište okrene djeci, budućim građanima koji će donositi odluke, ono vrijednostima i stavovima koje promiče može utjecati na smjer razvoja društva. Izniman kapacitet toga medija u poticanju i aktivaciji publike u kombinaciji s dječjom receptivnošću, nužno upućuje na važnost detaljnoga istraživanja ideologija kojima su igrokazi prožeti. Ovaj rad otkriva kako ti ideološki čimbenici mogu ugroziti glavnu svrhu kazališta, tj. poticanje gledatelja na stvaranje svojih vlastitih zamisli. Istraživanje se oslanja na Žižekovo razumijevanje ideologije, fantastike, zbilje i subjektivnosti. Polazeći od njegovih psihoanalitičkih uvida, analiziraju se četiri perzijska igrokaza kako bi se utvrdilo koje su ideologije u temelju motiva i pouka tih djela, kao i to kako se opravdava prisutnost takvih sadržaja u dječjoj drami. Detaljno razmatranje pokazuje da su analizirani igrokazi obilježeni svjesnim manipulativnim ideologijama s namjerom odgajanja homogeniziranih članova društva umjesto posvećenosti prikazivanju objektivnih uvida u stvarni život

Navigating affective (in)securities : forced migration and transnational family relationships

Peer reviewe

CHARACTERIZATION AND MODELLING OF ANOMALOUS PROPERTIES OF SIO2, SI3N4 AND AL2O3 NANOLAMINATES

Current research on (~ 20 nm) SiO2, Si3N4 and Al2O3 nanopowders (NPs) has revealed anomalous increases in permittivity over conventional bulk values due to localized dipole polarization effects on the surface of these NP particles. The present work has proposed alternative material structures, which are constructed using nanolithographic techniques to explore the high-polarization surface effects seen in NP research. This work has particularly focused on fabricating and modelling anomalous behavior of the permittivity of nanolaminate devices constructed from a combination of SiO2, Si3N4 and Al2O3 materials. The main takeaways of this work are as follows: 1) Strong surface dipole formation leads to high average permittivity at the air interfaces of SiO2, Si3N4 and Al2O3. Specifically, the behavior at these interfaces were investigated and modelled using FEM simulations to identify the average surface permittivity values over a specified volume. 2) As air breaks down at low electric field, the aforementioned devices were encapsulated with different combinations of SiO2, Si3N4 and Al2O3 layers in interdigitated electrode (IDE) configurations. The subsequent measurements showed significant deviations in capacitances, which are attributed to the dipole and bond formations that occur at the interfaces between the nanolaminate layers. The nanolaminate IDE structures have electric fields that are parallel to the dielectric interfaces, which could activate the highly polarizable interfacial regions more effectively than the traditional parallel plate electrode (PPE) structures. 3) Because the materials in this study inherently have high breakdown field strengths there is a potential energy storage opportunity for future capacitive devices that utilize these experimental observations and simulation results. Preliminary projections indicate that capacitive devices with a high-density of nanolaminates with laminate thicknesses from 2-5 nm could produce devices with volumetric energy densities that are on a much higher range than conventional supercapacitors.Ph.D

Maternal serum levels of C-reactive protein at early pregnancy to predict fetal growth restriction and preterm delivery: A prospective cohort study

Background: A considerable evidence suggests that maternal inflammation dysregulation may play as a risk factor for both maternal and neonatal outcomes. Objective: The study’s objectives were designed to evaluate the correlation between serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, as an inflammation factor, preterm delivery, and small for gestational age (SGA) births. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted on 120 singleton pregnant women with gestational age less than 20 wk. Maternal CRP serum concentration was measured before 20 wk gestation. Patients were followed-up until the delivery and final outcomes of pregnancy were recorded in terms of preterm delivery and SGA births. Results: Serum CRP levels in participants with normal fetuses and SGA births were 4.09 ± 1.35 mg/l and 6.04 ± 3.29 mg/l, respectively (p = 0.19), while in cases of preterm delivery, it was 9.63 ± 5.78 mg/l (p < 0.001). By using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, serum CRP levels (cut-off point 5.27 mg/l, area 0.836) had acceptable diagnostic accuracy value in distinguishing preterm delivery (sensitivity (75%), specificity (86.1%), positive predictive value (37.5%), negative predictive value (96.87%), accuracy (85%)) and serum CRP levels (cut-off point 6.67 mg/l, area 0.673) in distinguishing SGA births (sensitivity (50%), specificity (91.2%), positive predictive value (23.07%), and negative predictive value (97.19%), and accuracy (89.16 %)). Conclusion: Higher maternal serum CRP levels measured early in pregnancy may associate with higher risk of preterm delivery and SGA. Key words: C-reactive protein, Small for gestational age, Preterm birth

Related factors of physical activity preventive behavior of osteoporosis based on health belief model among teen girls in Qom City, Iran

Background Although osteoporosis is a disease of adulthood, it can start from childhood and adolescence. Lifestyle, especially physical activity, mobility, and proper nutrition during adolescence are among the important osteoporosis preventive factors. Therefore, this study aimed to determine related factors of physical activity preventive behavior of osteoporosis based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) among teen girls in Qom city, Iran. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional descriptive analytical study was conducted on 265 tenth to twelfth grade girl students in Qom city. The participants were selected via multistage sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire based on Health Belief Model used for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS-20. Results The current study, knowledge and perceived self-efficacy had a significant and positive relationship with physical activity behavior (r=0.13, P 0.05). Conclusion The results of the study showed that educational interventions and programs must focus on increasing knowledge and perceived self-efficacy to enhance physical activity behavior and reduce the perceived barriers associated with osteoporosis preventive physical activity

Health Status (Nutrition, Water, Environment) in the Iraq Region in Abbasid Period

زمینه و هدف: بهداشت یکی از مسائل مهم هر جامعه است؛ این مسأله در دوره عباسیان در منطقه عراق در عرصه‌های مختلف تغذیه، وضع آب و بهداشت محیط ظهور و بروز یافته است و راه‌کارهای مختلف و جالبی در این زمینه صورت گرفته است. مواد و روش‌ها: پژوهش حاضر بر اساس روش توصیفی ـ تحلیلی و از طریق گردآوری فیش‌های تحقیقاتی از منابع کتابخانه‌ای انجام ‌شده است. یافته‌ها: یافته‌های این پژوهش حکایت از آن دارد که در دوره عباسیان در منطقه عراق برای جلوگیری از فاسدشدن مواد غذایی اقداماتی از قبیل استفاده از یخ، نمک‌سودکردن، خشک‌کردن میوه‌ها و برخی غذاها صورت می‌گرفته است همچنین در دربار خلفای عباسی برای مصرف غذاها زمان‌بندی صورت می‌گرفت و صرف غذا در وعده‌های مختلف و طبق برنامه بوده است و روش‌های را برای تأمین آب آشامیدنی سالم در پیش گرفته بودند. در زمینه بهداشت محیط نیز اقداماتی از قبیل استفاده از ابریق در امر شستشو، مستراح، حفر چاه فاضلاب و... انجام می‌شده است. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق نشان می‌دهد در منطقه عراق در دوره عباسیان به ویژه شهر بغداد اقدامات بهداشتی از قبیل بهداشت مواد غذایی، رعایت بهداشت در زمینه نحوه تأمین آب آشامیدنی و بهداشت محیط اعم از وضعیت حمام، مستراح، فاضلاب‌ها، و... انجام می‌شده است، اما بیشتر امور بهداشتی در زمینه تغذیه، وضع آب و محیط سبب بهبود زندگی در دربار خلفا شده و علی‌رغم برخی اقدامات برای بهبود سطح بهداشت عمومی، وضع بهداشتی مراکزی چون زندان‌ها در دوره عباسیان در عراق و به ویژه بغداد بسیار نامناسب توصیف شده است.Background and Aim: Health is one of the most important issues in any society; this issue has emerged In Iraq in the Abbasid period in various fields of nutrition, water and environmental health and various and interesting solutions have been developed in this field. Materials and methods: The present study is based on descriptive-analytical method and by collecting research files from library sources. Findings: The findings show that during the Abbasid period in the Iraqi region, measures were taken to prevent food spoilage, such as the use of ice, salting, drying of fruits and some foods. Also, in the court of the Abbasid caliphs, there was a schedule for the consumption of food and food was served at different meals and according to schedule and they have taken steps to provide safe drinking water. In the field of environmental health, measures such as using water for washing, toilet, digging sewage wells, etc. has been done. Conclusion: The results of this study show that in the Iraqi region during the Abbasid period, especially the city of Baghdad, health measures such as food hygiene, hygiene in terms of drinking water supply and environmental health, including the condition of bathrooms, toilets, sewers, etc. Has been done; but most of the health, nutrition, water and environmental issues have improved living conditions in the caliphate's court, and despite some efforts to improve public health, the health of centers such as prisons during the Abbasid period in Iraq, especially Baghdad, has been described as very unsatisfactory.   Please cite this article as: Bineshifar F, Karimi Z. Health Status (Nutrition, Water, Environment) in the Iraq Region in Abbasid Period. Med Hist J 2019; 10(37): 97-108

Frequency of Class 1 Integrons among Escherichia coli Isolates of Patients with Urinary Tract Infection

Background: Recent studies demonstrated an increased pattern of drug resistance in uropathogenic Escherechia coli (E. coli) which is considered as the most common cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Present investigation was undertaken to evaluate antibiotic resistance pattern of E. coli causing UTIs obtained from urine samples and their relationship with integron class1. Apart from that, special emphasis was given on mediated and transferable antibiotic resistance in E. coli as well as the mobilized integrons that contribute to dissemination of antibiotic resistance. Methods and Materials: Susceptibility of isolates to 12 antibiotics was tested by the Kirby -Bauser disk diffusion method. The sensitivity was monitored by zone of inhibition according to the clinical and laboratory standard institute (CLSI) guidelines. Plasmid DNA from E. coli strains was tested for class 1 integron by PCR. Results: Rate of resistance to the 12 antibiotics is as follows: Ampicillin (89.4%), Cefotaxim (31%), Ciprofloxacin (22.4%), Aztreonam (21.7%), Ceftazidim (21.1%), Ceftriaxon (20.5%), Co-trimoxazole (19.9%), Gentamicin (15.5%), Amikacin (7.5%), Cefepim (11.8%), Nitrofurantoin (6.2) and Imipenem (1.9%). Existence of integron was confirmed in 41.9% of isolates. Significant association was evaluated by PCR between resistance to Gentamicin, Amikacin, Gentamicin, Amikacin, Cefotaxim, Ceftazidim, Ceftriaxon, Aztreonam, Ciprofloxacin and Co-trimoxazole with the existence of class 1 integrons. Conclusion: Imipenem could be used as the initial therapy for E. coli in UTIs. Similar studies are essential to determine appropriate guidelines for empirical therapy which vary by location

SARS-CoV-2 in brief: from virus to prevention

The recent outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a highly transmissible virus with a likely animal origin, has posed major and unprecedented challenges to millions of lives across the affected nations of the world. This outbreak first occurred in China, and despite massive regional and global attempts shortly thereafter, it spread to other countries and caused millions of deaths worldwide. This review presents key information about the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and its associated disease (namely, coronavirus disease 2019) and briefly discusses the origin of the virus. Herein, we also briefly summarize the strategies used against viral spread and transmission

Survey on hydrogen sulfide and ammonia emissions in the air around of the stabilization ponds Mineral gases producing odors in wastewater treatment

Abstract: (344 Views) Background and aims: Odors are one of the problems of water and wastewater treatment, especially in the vicinity of residential areas. Hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, mineral compounds in waste water treatment plants are odorous. These gases have unfavoraitable effects on humans and the environment. Methods: This Cross-sectional study was conducted in the Faculty of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. After field visits around the plant, the number of 12 sampling stations was determined. Sampling stations are selected in four geographical directions with regard to permanent trade winds that are zero, two and four kilo meters from the plant to Residential settlements. Sampling was performed in the morning and evening during the four seasons and 192 samples were provided. Results: Results showed that the concentration of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide gas was more in warm seasons significantly and more odor caused (P=0.011, P=0.004) and the maximum emission is in the summertime. According to the results, the highest concentration of these gases was in the evening during the day. Conclusion: According to the results, the concentration of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia gases in all the seasons except winter is within the threshold. Concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the summer and ammonia concentrations in all the seasons were higher than US. EPA standards and World Health Organization guidelines