Η ΜΕΘΟΔΟΣ ΤΗΣ ΣΕΙΣΜΙΚΗΣ ΑΝΑΚΛΑΣΗΣ ΥΨΗΛΗΣ ΕΥΚΡΙΝΕΙΑΣ ΚΑΙ Η ΣΥΜΒΟΛΗ ΤΗΣ ΣΤΗΝ ΕΠΙΛΥΣΗ ΓΕΩΦΥΣΙΚΩΝ ΠΡΟΒΛΗΜΑΤΩΝ

Η ΔΙΔΑΚΤΟΡΙΚΗ ΔΙΑΤΡΙΒΗ ΠΡΟΤΕΙΝΕΙ ΠΟΙΕΣ ΣΕΙΣΜΙΚΕΣ ΠΗΓΕΣ ΠΡΕΠΕΙ ΝΑ ΧΡΗΣΙΜΟΠΟΙΟΥΝΤΑΙ,ΟΤΑΝ ΤΟ ΚΥΜΑ ΑΕΡΟΣ ΕΠΗΡΕΑΖΕΙ ΣΗΜΑΝΤΙΚΑ ΤΑ ΔΕΔΟΜΕΝΑ.ΑΝΑΘΕΩΡΕΙ ΤΗ ΛΟΓΙΚΗ ΤΟΥ "OPTIMUM WINDOW" ΣΤΗΝ ΤΟΠΟΘΕΤΗΣΗ ΤΗΣ ΔΙΑΤΑΞΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΕΙΣΑΓΕΙ ΩΣ ΚΡΙΤΗΡΙΟ ΓΙΑ ΤΗΝ ΕΠΙΛΟΓΗ ΤΗΣ ΙΣΑΠΟΣΤΑΣΗΣ ΤΗ ΜΕΓΙΣΤΗ ΣΥΧΝΟΤΗΤΑ ΤΟΥ ΚΥΜΑΤΟΣ ΑΕΡΟΣ.ΑΜΦΙΣΒΗΤΕΙ ΤΗΝ ΠΡΟΕΜΦΑΣΗ,ΟΤΑΝ ΑΥΤΗ ΓΙΝΕΤΑΙ ΓΙΑ ΠΑΡΑΠΑΝΩ ΔΙΑΚΡΙΤΙΚΗ ΙΚΑΝΟΤΗΤΑ ΑΠΟ ΤΗΝ ΑΝΑΓΚΑΙΑ.ΚΑΘΙΣΤΑ ΔΥΝΑΤΗ ΤΗΝ ΕΦΑΡΜΟΓΗ ΤΗΣ ΜΕΘΟΔΟΥ ΓΙΑ ΕΡΕΥΝΕΣ ΣΕ ΒΑΘΗ ΜΙΚΡΟΤΕΡΑ ΤΩΝ 15M,ΕΠΙΤΡΕΠΟΝΤΑΣ ΚΑΤ'ΑΥΤΟΝ ΤΟΝ ΤΡΟΠΟ ΤΗ ΧΡΗΣΙΜΟΠΟΙΗΣΗ ΤΗΣ ΣΕ ΕΝΑ ΣΗΜΑΝΤΙΚΟ ΧΩΡΟ ΟΠΩΣ ΕΙΝΑΙ Η ΑΡΧΑΙΟΜΕΤΡΙΑ.ΕΦΕΡΕ ΣΤΟ ΦΩΣ ΣΤΟΙΧΕΙΑ ΓΙΑ ΤΗΝ ΑΡΧΑΙΑ ΔΙΩΡΥΓΑ ΤΟΥ ΞΕΡΞΗ,ΠΟΥ ΕΙΝΑΙ ΠΟΛΥΤΙΜΑ ΓΙΑ ΤΟΥΣ ΑΡΧΑΙΟΛΟΓΟΥΣ.THE THESIS SUGGESTS WHICH SEISMIC SOURCES SHOULD BE USED WHEN THE AIRWAVE STRONGLY INFLUENCE THE DATA.IT GIVES A RECONCIDERATION OF THE USUAL PRACTICE OF THE "OPTIMUM WINDOW" AS FAR AS THE GEOMETRY SETTINGS AND INTRODUCES AS A "CRITERION" THE MAXIMUM FREQUENCY OF THE AIRWAVE.EXAMINES THE NEGATIVE CONTRIBUTION OF THE PREEMPHASIS FILTERING ON THE F.K. FILTERING.MAKE POSSIBLE THE APPLICATION OF THE METHOD AT DEPTHS SHALLOWEN THAN 15M AND SO IN THE FIELD OF ARCHAEOMETRY.AT LAST,IT BROUGHT TO LIGHT MUCH INFORMATION ABOUT XERXIS CANAL,VERY VALUABLE FOR THE ARCHAEOLOGISTS

Historical and pre-historical tsunamis in the Mediterranean and its connected seas: Geological signatures, generation mechanisms and coastal impacts

The origin of tsunamis in the Mediterranean region and its connected seas, including the Marmara Sea, the Black Sea and the SW Iberian Margin in the NE Atlantic Ocean, is reviewed within the geological and seismotectonic settings of the region. A variety of historical documentary sources combined with evidence from onshore and offshore geological signatures, geomorphological imprints, observations from selected coastal archeological sites, as well as instrumental records, eyewitnesses accounts and pictorial material, clearly indicate that tsunami sources both seismic and non-seismic (e.g. volcanism, landslides) can be found in all the seas of the region with a variable tsunamigenic potential. Local, regional and basin-wide tsunamis have been documented. An improved map of 22 main tsunamigenic zones and their relative potential for tsunami generation is presented. From west to east, the most important tsunamigenic zones are situated offshore SW Iberia, in the North Algerian margin, in the Tyrrhenian Calabria and Messina Straits, in the western and eastern segments of the Hellenic Arc, in the Corinth Gulf of Central Greece, in the Levantine Sea offshore the Dead Sea Transform Fault and in the eastern side of the Marmara Sea. Important historical examples, including destructive tsunamis associated with large earthquakes, are presented. The mean recurrence of strong tsunamis in the several basins varies greatly but the highest event frequency (1/96 years) is observed in the east Mediterranean basin. For most of the historical events it is still unclear which was the causative seismic source and if the tsunami was caused by co-seismic slip, by earthquake-triggered submarine landslides or by a combination of both mechanisms. In pre-historical times, submarine volcanic eruptions (i.e. caldera collapse, massive pyroclastic flows, volcanogenic landslides) and large submarine landslides caused important tsunamis although little is known about their source mechanisms. We conclude that further investigation of the tsunami generation mechanisms is of primary importance in the Mediterranean region. Inputs from tsunami numerical modeling as well as from empirical discrimination criteria for characterizing tsunami sources have been proved particularly effective for recent, well-documented, aseismic landslide tsunamis (e.g., 1963 Corinth Gulf, 1979 Cote d'Azur, 1999 Izmit Bay, 2002 Stromboli volcano). Since the tsunami generation mechanisms are controlled by a variety of factors, and given that the knowledge of past tsunami activity is the cornerstone for undertaking tsunami risk mitigation action, future interdisciplinary research efforts on past tsunamis are needed

Historical and pre-historical tsunamis in the Mediterranean and its connected seas: Geological signatures, generation mechanisms and coastal impacts

The origin of tsunamis in the Mediterranean region and its connected seas, including the Marmara Sea, the Black Sea and the SW Iberian Margin in the NE Atlantic Ocean, is reviewed within the geological and seismotectonic settings of the region. A variety of historical documentary sources combined with evidence from onshore and offshore geological signatures, geomorphological imprints, observations from selected coastal archeological sites, as well as instrumental records, eyewitnesses accounts and pictorial material, clearly indicate that tsunami sources both seismic and non-seismic (e.g. volcanism, landslides) can be found in all the seas of the region with a variable tsunamigenic potential. Local, regional and basin-wide tsunamis have been documented. An improved map of 22 main tsunamigenic zones and their relative potential for tsunami generation is presented. From west to east, the most important tsunamigenic zones are situated offshore SW Iberia, in the North Algerian margin, in the Tyrrhenian Calabria and Messina Straits, in the western and eastern segments of the Hellenic Arc, in the Corinth Gulf of Central Greece, in the Levantine Sea offshore the Dead Sea Transform Fault and in the eastern side of the Marmara Sea. Important historical examples, including destructive tsunamis associated with large earthquakes, are presented. The mean recurrence of strong tsunamis in the several basins varies greatly but the highest event frequency (1/96 years) is observed in the east Mediterranean basin. For most of the historical events it is still unclear which was the causative seismic source and if the tsunami was caused by co-seismic slip, by earthquake-triggered submarine landslides or by a combination of both mechanisms. In pre-historical times, submarine volcanic eruptions (i.e. caldera collapse, massive pyroclastic flows, volcanogenic landslides) and large submarine landslides caused important tsunamis although little is known about their source mechanisms. We conclude that further investigation of the tsunami generation mechanisms is of primary importance in the Mediterranean region. Inputs from tsunami numerical modeling as well as from empirical discrimination criteria for characterizing tsunami sources have been proved particularly effective for recent, well-documented, aseismic landslide tsunamis (e.g., 1963 Corinth Gulf, 1979 Cote d'Azur, 1999 Izmit Bay, 2002 Stromboli volcano). Since the tsunami generation mechanisms are controlled by a variety of factors, and given that the knowledge of past tsunami activity is the cornerstone for undertaking tsunami risk mitigation action, future interdisciplinary research efforts on past tsunamis are needed