Mothers Know Best: Guidance for Healthcare Providers on Early Identification of Perinatal Mental Health Disorders

Introduction: The perinatal period has been associated with an increased risk of developing psychiatric disorders among women. Perinatal mental health disorders (PMHD) are highly prevalent, yet highly underrecognized and untreated. The involvement of medical providers, especially obstetrics/gynecology and pediatric providers, in the early identification of PMHD is critical to ensure women with PMHD receive appropriate supports. However, providers lack the education, training, and ability to identify and screen for PMHD as well as the knowledge of appropriate referrals. Objective: This study explores the existing issues with healthcare providers’ early identification practices of PMHD from the perspective of ten mothers and to with the purpose of making recommendations to improve the early identification process. Results: Qualitative analysis revealed two main themes: 1) the importance of perinatal mental health training for providers, and 2) the importance of ongoing, relational screening. Conclusion: There is an enormous need for increased involvement of medical providers in the early identification process. Medical providers should be provided with education and training to increase their PMHD screening practices, expand their knowledge on the presentation of PHMD and connect women with appropriate supports

The microbial dimension of submarine groundwater discharge : current challenges and future directions

Despite the relevance of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) for ocean biogeochemistry, the microbial dimension of SGD remains poorly understood. SGD can influence marine microbial communities through supplying chemical compounds and microorganisms, and in turn, microbes at the land-ocean transition zone determine the chemistry of the groundwater reaching the ocean. However, compared with inland groundwater, little is known about microbial communities in coastal aquifers. Here, we review the state of the art of the microbial dimension of SGD, with emphasis on prokaryotes, and identify current challenges and future directions. Main challenges include improving the diversity description of groundwater microbiota, characterized by ultrasmall, inactive and novel taxa, and by high ratios of sediment-attached versus free-living cells. Studies should explore microbial dynamics and their role in chemical cycles in coastal aquifers, the bidirectional dispersal of groundwater and seawater microorganisms, and marine bacterioplankton responses to SGD. This will require not only combining sequencing methods, visualization and linking taxonomy to activity but also considering the entire groundwater-marine continuum. Interactions between traditionally independent disciplines (e.g. hydrogeology, microbial ecology) are needed to frame the study of terrestrial and aquatic microorganisms beyond the limits of their presumed habitats, and to foster our understanding of SGD processes and their influence in coastal biogeochemical cycles. The authors review the available literature on the microbial aspects of submarine groundwater discharge, from the freshwater aquifers to the coastal ocean, and identify current challenges and future directions to foster knowledge on microbial ecology at the land-ocean interface

Evidència de forçament climàtic natural i antròpic durant l'últim mil·lenni

Unidad de excelencia María de Maeztu MdM-2015-0552Un equip d'investigació multidisciplinar ha aconseguit un avanç important en el coneixement de les respostes terrestres i oceàniques a la variabilitat climàtica durant l'últim mil·lenni, incloent l'era industrial. Dos registres marins recuperats a la conca de la mar d'Alboran i analitzats a molt alta resolució han permès la reconstrucció de les condicions climàtiques i oceanogràfiques, així com la identificació d'influència antròpica a la regió més occidental de la Mediterrània durant aquest període de temps.A multidisciplinary international team has advanced in the understanding of the terrestrial and ocean responses to climate variability in the western Mediterranean during the past millennium including the industrial era. Two high-resolution deep-sea records from the Alboran Sea basin enabled the reconstruction of climate and oceanographic conditions as well as the identification of human fingerprints during this period

Chernobyl : del desastre nuclear a l'atracció turística

Conferència realitzada el Dissabte, 8 de Febrer de 2020L'abril de 1986 va tenir lloc el desastre nuclear més important de la història: l'accident del reactor 4 de la central nuclear de Chernobyl (actual Ucraïna). Tot i que inicialment l'accident va provocar 54 morts es desconeix exactament l'abast letal de l'accident. El núvol radioactiu va provocar la contaminació de bona part d'Europa i va provocar el desplaçament d'uns 250.000 habitants i la clausura d'una zona de 50.000 km2. Des de llavors aquesta zona d'exclusió s'ha convertit en refugi silvestre de moltes espècies que no es veuen amenaçades i un laboratori pels científics que estudien la qualitat de vida d'aquestes espècies en un ambient caracteritzat per alts nivells de radioactivitat. La zona d'exclusió de Chernobyl està oberta als turistes des de 2011. El nombre de visitants ha anat augmentant progressivament sobretot des de l'aparició de l'exitosa minisèrie d'HBO "Chernobyl", publicada el maig de 2019. En aquest seminari farem una revisió de l'accident de Chernobyl, les seves conseqüències per la indústria nuclear i el futur de les instal·lacions de les zones d'exclusió com la de Chernobyl

Using radium isotopes to characterize water ages and coastal mixing rates: A sensitivity analysis

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W., 2006, PAPERS SUMMER UNDERG, P51 Taniguchi M, 2003, BIOGEOCHEMISTRY, V66, P35, DOI 10.1023/B:BIOG.0000006090.25949.8d Taylor J. R., 1997, INTRO ERROR ANAL, P160 Turner IL, 1997, J COASTAL RES, V13, P46 Weinstein Y., 2006, RADIOACT ENV, V8, P360, DOI DOI 10.1016/S1569-4860(05)08029-0 Windom HL, 2006, MAR CHEM, V102, P252, DOI 10.1016/j.marchem.2006.06.016 Knee, Karen L. Garcia-Solsona, Ester Garcia-Orellana, Jordi Boehm, Alexandria B. Paytan, Adina 4 AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY WACO LIMNOL OCEANOGR-METHNumerous studies have used naturally occurring Ra isotopes (Ra-223, Ra-224, Ra-226, and Ra-228, with half-lives of 11.4 d, 3.7 d, 1600 y, and 5.8 y, respectively) to quantify water mass ages, coastal ocean mixing rates, and submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). Using Monte Carlo models, this study investigated how uncertainties in Ra isotope activities and the derived activity ratios (AR) arising from analytical uncertainty and natural variability affect the uncertainty associated with Ra-derived water ages and eddy diffusion coefficients, both of which can be used to calculate SGD. Analytical uncertainties associated with Ra-224, Ra-226, and Ra-228 activities were reported in most published studies to be less than 10% of sample activity; those reported for Ra-223 ranged from 7% to 40%. Relative uncertainty related to natural variability-estimated from the variability in Ra-223 and Ra-224 activities of replicate field samples-ranged from 15% to 50% and was similar for Ra-223 activity, Ra-224 activity, and the Ra-224/Ra-223 AR. Our analysis revealed that AR-based water ages shorter than 3-5 d often have relative uncertainties greater than 100%, potentially limiting their utility. Uncertainties in eddy diffusion coefficients estimated based on cross-shore gradients in short-lived Ra isotope activity were greater when fewer points were used to determine the linear trend, when the coefficient of determination (R-2) was low, and when Ra-224, rather than Ra-223, was used. By exploring the uncertainties associated with Ra-derived water ages and eddy diffusion coefficients, this study will enable researchers to apply these methods more effectively and to reduce uncertainty

Groundwater and nutrient discharge through karstic coastal springs (Castelló, Spain)

Altres ajuts: Support from the Fulbright Commission for a post-doctoral fellowship to J.G-O. (ref 2007-0516) is gratefully acknowledged. Support for the research of PM was received through the prize ICREA Academia, funded by the Generalitat de Catalunya.Discharge of groundwater and associated chemical compounds into coastal karstic regions, which are abundant in the Mediterranean basin, is envisaged to be significant. In this study, we evaluate the groundwater discharge and its nutrient load to the open karstic site of Badum (Castelló, East Spain). Salinity profiles evidenced that groundwater discharge from coastal brackish springs causes a buoyant fresher layer, as identified with thermal infrared images. Chemical tracers (radium isotopes, dissolved inorganic silicate and seawater major elements) have been used to determine a brackish groundwater proportion in coastal waters of 36% in October 2006 and 44% in June 2007. Based on a radium-derived residence time of 2.7 days in October 2006 and 2.0 days in June 2007, total SGD fluxes have been estimated in 71 500 and 187 000m³ d⁻¹, respectively, with fresh-SGD contributions representing 71% and 85%. The calculated SGD-associated nutrient fluxes, most likely of natural origin, were 1500 and 8300 μmolm⁻² d⁻¹ of DIN and 19 and 40 μmolm⁻² d⁻¹ of DIP in October 2006 and June 2007, respectively. These inputs may actually lead to or enhance P limitation, thereby altering the structure of biological communities in the area

Estudi del contingut de 210Pb en plomes d'Apus apus

A l'atmosfera hi trobem radionúclids de la sèrie del 238U com el 222Rn, 210Pb i 210Po. L'objectiu principal d'aquest estudi és determinar el contingut i distribució de 210Pb en plomes d'aus migratòries i estudiar el seu potencial ús com a traçador de corrents migratòries, gràcies a que les plomes són estructures útils per a realitzar estudis de biomonitorització. Per a realitzar l'estudi s'ha escollit com a espècie migratòria el falciot comú (Apus apus). Els resultats mostren que el 210Pb no es distribueix uniformement entre individus adults i joves, ni entre les diferents plomes de l'ala dels ocells. La major concentració de 210Pb es troba en les plomes primàries dels individus adults i en l'hemibandera externa de la ploma. Les concentracions de 210Pb oscil·len entre els 43 i 1065 Bq·kg-1, amb una concentració mitjana de 586 Bq·kg-1. El fet de detectar 210Pb només en les plomes primàries de l'ala implica que la incorporació de 210Pb a l'ocell és via adsorció del 210Pb present a l'atmosfera. Es pot afirmar que el 210Pb present a l'atmosfera és arrossegat per les ales de les aus i queda adsorbit a les plomes.En la atmósfera encontramos radionúclidos de la serie del 238U como el 222Rn, 210Pb y 210Po. El objetivo principal de este estudio es determinar el contenido y distribución de 210Pb en plumas de aves migratorias y estudiar su potencial uso como trazador de corrientes migratorias, gracias a que las plumas son estructuras útiles para realizar estudios de biomonitorización. Para realizar el estudio se ha escogido como especie migratoria el vencejo común (Apus apus). Los resultados muestran que el 210Pb no se distribuye uniformemente entre individuos adultos y jóvenes, ni entre las diferentes plumas del ala de las aves. La mayor concentración de 210Pb se encuentra en las plumas primarias de los individuos adultos y en la hemibandera externa de la pluma. Las concentraciones de 210Pb oscilan entre los 43 y 1065 Bq·kg-1, con una concentración media de 586 Bq·kg-1. El hecho de detectar 210Pb sólo en las plumas primarias del ala implica que la incorporación de 210Pb al pájaro es vía adsorción del 210Pb presente en la atmósfera. Se puede afirmar que el 210Pb presente en la atmósfera es arrastrado por las alas de las aves y queda adsorbido en las plumas.In the atmosphere there are radionuclides of 238U series as 222Rn, 210Pb and 210Po. The aim of this study is to determine the content and distribution of 210Pb in feathers of migratory birds and study their potential use as tracers of migratory flows, because feathers are useful structures for biomonitoring studies. To develop the study, we chose the common swift (Apus apus) as a migratory specie. The results show that the 210Pb is non-uniformly distributed between adults and young birds, or between different feathers of the wing. The highest concentrations of 210Pb were observed in primary feathers of adults and in the outer vane of the feather. The 210Pb concentrations ranged from 43 to 1065 Bq·kg-1, with a mean value of 586 Bq·kg-1. Because 210Pb is detect only in the primary feathers of the wing implies that the incorporation of 210Pb in the bird is via adsorption of 210Pb present in the atmosphere. 10Pb from the atmosphere is scavenge with the wings of birds and was adsorbed in the feathers

Bioacumulació de 210Po a nivell subcel·lular

S'ha analitzat la concentració de 210Po en les fraccions subcel·lulars en òrgans digestius per diferents espècies de peixos. S'ha determinat que al voltant d'un 50% del 210Po es concentra en la fracció de citoplasma. La fracció de citoplasma es va separar en diferents especiacions químiques on es va determinar que la fracció de proteïna era la més enriquida en 210Po amb un 69%. Per una altra banda s'han estudiat les concentracions de metalls (Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb i Hg) en relació a la concentració de 210Po on s'ha trobat una correlació entre el 210Po i els metalls de Fe i Hg per als teixits de les espècies estudiades. També s'han analitzat les concentracions de metalls respecte a la fracció de citoplasma i s'ha relacionat amb la concentració de 210Po. Amb metalls com Fe, Cu, Ni i Hg analitzats s'ha trobat una relació front a la concentració de 210Po.Se han analizado la concentración de 210Po en las fracciones subcelulares en órganos digestivos para diferentes especies de peces. Se ha determinado que alrededor de un 50% del 210Po se concentra en la fracción de citoplasma. La fracción de citoplasma se separó en diferentes especiaciones químicas en las que se determinó que la fracción de proteína era la más enriquecida en 210Po con un 69%. Por otra parte se han estudiado las concentraciones de metales (Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb y Hg) en relación a la concentración de 210Po donde se ha encontrado una correlación entre el 210Po y los metales de Fe y Hg para el tejido de las espcies estudiadas. También se han analizado las concentraciones de dichos metales con respecto a la fracción de citoplasma y se ha relacionado con la concentración de 210Po. En metales como Fe, Cu, Ni y Hg analizados se ha encontrado una relación frente a la concentración de 210Po.210Po concentration in the subcellular fractions were analyzed in digestive organs for different fish species. It has been determined that about 50% of 210Po was concentrated in the cytosol fraction. The cytosol fraction was separated into different chemical speciations which determined that the protein was the most enriched of 210Po with a 69%. Moreover the study shows the contrations of metals (Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Hg) in relation to the concentrations of 210Po where a correlation was found between 210Po and Fe and Hg metals for tissues of the species studied. Also the concentrations of these metals were examined in the fraction of cytosol and has been correlated with the concentration of 210Po. In metals like Fe, Co, Ni and Hg analyzed a relationship was found with 210Po concentration

Ra isotopes and Rn as a tool for the water management resources : the Alberquillas aquifer (Málaga-Granada)

The aim of this project is to evaluate the importance of submarine groundwater discharge sector in order to improve the water balance in Málaga-Granada region. The approach of this study arose from the the geology and the aquifers that indicate that there could be some discharge to the sea between Maro (Málaga) and Almuñécar (Granada) and the Andalusian's Government and its Water Agence were really interested in evaluating it because there is a lot of population and few water available and the magnitude of groundwater discharge has generated controversy. Is well known that water is a scarce resource in this area and it's very important for the society and for the environment. The legislation, the water policies, the knowledge of the aquifer and the geology, the water dynamics, the land use and the water perception in the society might help the management of this resource not just in Andalusia but in all the Mediterranean basin. The main objective is to evaluate the submarine groundwater discharge from the Alberquillas Aqufier to the sea by measuring 222Rn and Ra isotopes. Specific objectives have been established to achieve the main objective: A) Reveal the importance of water resources in the Mediterranean basin; B) Learn radiometric techniques for the study of groundwater discharge to the sea; C) Learn of sampling techniques of water samples for the measurement of Ra and Rn; D) Learn the techniques for measuring Ra (RaDeCC) and Rn (RAD7); E) Interpretation and discussion of results. During this semester, and in addition of the present study in Málaga- Granada region, the author has participated in the initial phase (sampling, analysis and interpretation of preliminary results) of other research projects focused on the study of submarine groundwater discharges through the use of Ra isotopes and 222Rn. These studies have been developed in different areas, including Alt Empordà (Roses and Sant Pere Pescador), Maresme with CMIMA's group (Mediterranean Center for Marine and Environmental Research), Delta de l'Ebre, Peñíscola and Mallorca with the IMEDEA's group (Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies)

Estudi de les aigües salines a la conca del riu Llobregat i Cardener : implicacions ambientals

L'increment de la salinitat a les aigües subterrànies a prop de la zones de les explotacions mineres salines representa un problema ambiental amb moltes implicacions socio-econòmiques. La part mitja de la conca del riu Llobregat i Cardener és un clar exemple d'aquesta problemàtica. En molts casos l'origen de la salinitat és dubtós, ja que pot provenir del contacte de l'aigua de l'aqüífer amb formacions geològiques salines naturals o per l'afectació de les escombreres produïdes per l'explotació minera de potasses que es troba en aquesta regió. L'objectiu d'aquest treball és demostrar que el Ra pot ser un bon traçador per determinar l'origen de la salinitat de les aigües i complementar les analítiques químiques elementals i dels isòtops del sofre i de l'oxigen del sulfat (δ34SSO4 i δ18OSO4). La presència dels diversos isòtops del Ra en les aigües subterrànies dependrà de la geologia i del temps de residència de l'aigua dins l'aqüífer. L'anàlisi de 12 mostres de la comarca indica que el 226Ra és el millor dels isòtops del Ra que permet diferenciar l'origen de les aigües subterrànies.El incremento de la salinidad en las aguas subterráneas cerca de la zonas de las explotaciones mineras salinas representa un problema ambiental con muchas implicaciones socioeconómicas. La parte media de la cuenca del río Llobregat y Cardener es un claro ejemplo de esta problemática. En muchos casos el origen de la salinidad es dudoso, ya que puede provenir del contacto del agua del acuífero con formaciones geológicas salinas naturales o por la afectación de las escombreras producidas por la explotación minera de potasa que se encuentra en esta región. El objetivo de este trabajo es demostrar que el Ra puede ser un buen trazador para determinar el origen de la salinidad de las aguas y complementar las analíticas químicas elementales y los isótopos del azufre y del oxígeno del sulfato (δ34SSO4 i δ18OSO4). La presencia de los diversos isótopos del Ra en las aguas subterráneas dependerá de la geología y del tiempo de residencia del agua dentro del acuífero. El análisis de 12 muestras de la comarca indica que el 226Ra es el mejor de los isótopos del Ra que permite diferenciar el origen de las aguas subterráneas.The increased salinity in groundwater near the areas of mining salt is a problem with many environmental socio-economic implications. The middle section of the Llobregat and Cardoner river basin is a clear example of this problem. The origin of the salinity is controversial, as it can be related to natural interaction with saline formations, or it could be caused from potash mine tailing in this region. The aim of this paper is to show that Ra is a good tracer to determine the origin of the salinity of the water and complement chemical analyzes and sulphur isotopes of oxygen and sulfate (δ34SSO4 & δ18OSO4). The presence of different isotopes of Ra in groundwater depends on the geology and the residence time of water in the aquifer. The analysis of 12 samples from the region indicates that 226Rn is the best of the Ra isotopes that can discern the origin of groundwater