Reflexivity, the picturing of selves, the forging of methods

This paper addresses alternative models for a reflexive methodology and examines the ways in which doctoral students have appropriated these texts in their theses. It then considers the indeterminate qualities of those appropriations. The paper offers a new account of reflexivity as 'picturing', drawing analogies from the interpretation of two very different pictures, by Velázquez and Tshibumba. It concludes with a more open and fluid account of reflexivity, offering the notion of 'signature', and drawing on the work of Gell and also Deleuze and Guattari in relation to the inherently specific nature of 'concepts' situated in space and time

Conformity, reliability and validity of digital dental models created by clinical intraoral scanning and extraoral plaster model digitization workflows

Background: In dentistry, digitization of dental arches with intraoral scanners could one day replace impressions and plaster model digitization processes, if accuracy is clinically sufficient. This study aimed to assess the reliability, validity and conformity of an intraoral scanning procedure (Lythos (c), Ormco) and of two extraoral digitization workflows via alginate impression and plaster model scanning with the D810 (c) (3shape) or the Atos II Triple Scan (c) (GOM) under clinical conditions. Methods: In 20 subjects three consecutive intraoral scans, three alginate and one reference polyether impression were taken of both the upper and lower dental arch, respectively. The digital models created from the corresponding plaster models and the intraoral scans were superimposed with the polyether reference standard by both a global and a local best-fit algorithm. Reliability, validity and conformity of the three digital workflows were assessed via intraclass (ICC) and Lin's concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) as well as analyses according to Bland-Altman. Results: The digital models created from the intraoral scanning procedure were less in agreement with the polyether reference (validity) than those from the extraoral procedures with reduced conformity and reliability. Local numerical deviations from the reference standard were approximately twice as high compared to the extraoral procedures, which showed high conformity and were equivalent and clinically acceptable in terms of reliability and validity. Conclusions: Although the intraoral scanning method with Lythos (c) seems to have drawbacks in terms of reliability, validity and conformity to the indirect alginate methods, all procedures proved to be clinically equivalent for diagnostic purposes

The author in literary theory and theories of literature

We have become accustomed to regarding the question of the author in literary criticism and theory in anti-authorial terms. It is a quaintness of modern literary theory that the author, whom we would, commonsensically, expect to be the central agent in the production of the literary work, has, for the most part of the past century, been considered a liminal character of minor importance to literary criticism, and, if not completely dead, then at least a ghost haunting the limits of the literary work of art

Publishing and marketing

The chapter is (surprisingly) the first history of marketing and authorship in terms of the fiction publishing industry over the last 150 years. It asks to what extent authors have been needed for marketing, and if so what that might mean. The changing role of tastemakers and readers in the design of the product is also examined