Calculation of Coefficients of Cassegrain Telescope Mirrors

In the present work, a program for calculating the coefficients of the Aplanatic Cassegrain Telescope (ACT) system, free from the effects of spherical and coma aberrations, were constructed. In addition, the two-mirrors of the optical system, as aspherical surfaces, were adopted. This means, that the two-equations of the mirrors are assumed to be polynomial function of five even terms only. The numerical method, least-squares curve fitting method to calculate the two-mirror coefficients system, was adopted. For choosing the values and ratios that give the best results, Rayleigh Criterion (Rayleigh Limit), for purpose of comparison and preference, was adopted

Determinants of Loan Repayment Performance of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) in the Case of Dire Dawa City Administration

The study was conducted in Dire Dawa City Administration and aimed to analyze the extent of loan repayment and the determinants of loan repayment performance of MSEs that were financed by Dire Microfinance Institution. This is because the loan repayment performance of MSE for the successive past ten years analyzed and the last year loan repayment status indicated that 10.2% default rate and averagely the last ten years loan performance indicated that 22.16% default rate in the study area. In the study the determinants of loan repayment were categorized as enterprises, lender and the external related factors and that were analyzed separately in the study. Descriptive and explanatory research designs with quantitative and qualitative data were used. The sample of 367MSEs leaders were selected by random sampling method and grouped by stratified sampling method from each sectors. Questionnaires were used in order to collect primary data whereas secondary data were collected by reviewing different literatures regarding the research subject. All the sampled MSE’s leaders were filled the questionnaire properly. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression model. This result indicates that out of fourteen predicted variables used eleven variables were found being significant. These significant variables are; enterprises leaders age, marital status, education level and enterprises business experience, saving habit, training offered by institution, loan follow up or supervision and market accessibility were positively influence loan repayment performance while enterprises leaders gender, enterprises member size and loan interest rate were negatively influenced the loan repayment performance of MSEs in the study area.  Based on the findings, the enterprises that attained higher educational level able to pay better than the enterprises that were in lower educational level therefore, DMFI should motivate the involvement of educated enterprises. Building the capacity of enterprises through a comprehensive package of skill trainings, close supervision, and follow –ups enhance the loan repayment performance of enterprises, Dire Microfinance should develop follow up or supervision and provide a comprehensive package of trainings that includes entrepreneurship, business skill development, financial management and bookkeeping. The existence of market access results the higher probability of getting profit and the greater level of enterprises loan repayment performance. Therefore, MSEs should work hard to have market demand for their products and services by preparing of different market exhibitions, which help enterprises to get market access and market linkages for their products and services as well as share good habits of work among them that leads enterprises to sustain in the business. Keywords: Dire Microfinance institution, loan repayment, Micro, and Small Enterprises DOI: 10.7176/RJFA/13-21-01 Publication date: November 30th 202

NDM-540: THE USE OF REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUE TO ASSESS FLOOD HAZARD IN CITY OF JEDDAH, SAUDI ARABIA

The City of Jeddah became lately one of the typical regions that affected by natural hazard. Previous flood that occurred in 2009 was one the most tragic natural disaster in the history of Saudi Arabia, which caused death for more than one hundred people. On 17th of November 2015, Jeddah turned into a disaster zone again due to heavy rainfall and the lack of drainage system. The objectives of the study are (1) To illustrate the hazard areas in the City of Jeddah that need an urgent drainage system; and (2) To evaluate the threats that the City of Jeddah is facing by simulating the floods. In this context, two multi-temporal Landsat 8 images (before and after the flood), Digital Elevation Model (DEM), and rainfall data sets have been analyzed and used to simulate the floods in the City of Jeddah. The study integrates different techniques from remote sensing, Geographic Information System (GIS) and hydrological modelling for flood estimation. All information extracted from the Landsat satellite images, DEM, and rainfall data sets are imported into an existing hydrological model built in Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) software. The designed storm data obtained from the SCS (U.S. Soil Conservation Service) type II is used in SWMM software to calculate the runoff water. The results from the model are used to estimate the amount of water to be collected by the drainage system and further estimate any potential flood hazard based on the topography and the designed drainage water system. The outcome of the study will contribute to the design and development of a robust and comprehensive drainage system for the study area

Realización del modelo sigma en la teoría de Spinor

16-spinor field is suggested to unify Skyrme and Faddeev models (Sigma Model) as topological soliton. The model is based on the well-known 8- spinor discovered by Italian geometer Brioschi. Study the structure of topological charge in the lepton sector, lepton charge is identified with the Hopf index. Estimating the energy, mass and spin of the model. Two models Skyrme and Faddeev were unifying by using 16-spinor field. In this paper we found solution at small distance behavior we can develop model and study behavior at large distance and match between two cases.Se sugiere un campo de 16 espines para unificar los modelos Skyrme y Faddeev (Modelo Sigma) como solitón topológico. El modelo se basa en el conocido 8-spinor descubierto por el geómetra italiano Brioschi. Se estudia la estructura de la carga topológica en el sector de leptones, la carga de leptones se identifica con el índice Hopf. Estimación de la energía, masa y giro del modelo. Dos modelos Skyrme y Faddeev se unificaron utilizando un campo de 16 espines. En este artículo encontramos una solución a un comportamiento a pequeña distancia, podemos desarrollar modelos y estudiar el comportamiento a grandes distancias y hacer coincidir dos casos

The Degree of Applying Accountability Principles in Public & Private Universities in Jordan: A Comparative Study BetweenYarmouk University and Jerash University

The study aimed to identify the status of applying the principles of accountability in the public and private universities in Jordan. This was done by comparing between Yarmouk University and Jerash University from the perspective of the employees. The study sample consisted of 250 faculty members and one administrator at Yarmouk University and Jerash University. The questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection. The study reached several conclusions, most notably of which include the presence of statistically significant differences in the reality of applying the accountability principles at universities in general, and in the administrative, and academic fields. This, however, is dependent on the variable of the university in favor of Jerash University. The study concluded on a number of recommendations most important of which is the necessity of activating the accountability mechanisms and tools in three areas: administrative, and academic areas of public universities in a higher degree. It also includes a commitment with unified criteria of accountability to ensure the maintenance of an acceptable level of justice and transparency

Improved anti-noise attack ability of image encryption algorithm using de-noising technique

Information security is considered as one of the important issues in the information age used to preserve the secret information through out transmissions in practical applications. With regard to image encryption, a lot of schemes related to information security were applied. Such approaches might be categorized into 2 domains; domain frequency and domain spatial. The presented work develops an encryption technique on the basis of conventional watermarking system with the use of singular value decomposition (SVD), discrete cosine transform (DCT), and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) together, the suggested DWT-DCT-SVD method has high robustness in comparison to the other conventional approaches and enhanced approach for having high robustness against Gaussian noise attacks with using denoising approach according to DWT. MSE in addition to the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) specified the performance measures which are the base of this study’s results, as they are showing that the algorithm utilized in this study has high robustness against Gaussian noise attacks

Underwater Image De-nosing using Discrete Wavelet Transform and Pre-Whitening Filter

Image denoising and improvement are essential processes in many underwater applications. Various scientific studies, including marine science and territorial defence, require underwater exploration. When it occurs underwater, noise power spectral density is inconsistent within a certain range of frequency, and the noise autocorrelation function is not a delta function. Therefore, underwater noise is characterised as coloured noise. In this study, a novel image denoising technique is proposed using discrete wavelet transform with different basis functions and a whitening filter, which converts coloured noise characteristics to white noise prior to the denoising process. Results of the proposed method depend on the following performance measures: peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and mean squared error. The results of different wavelet bases, such as Debauchies, biorthogonal and symlet, indicate that the denoising process that uses a pre-whitening filter produces more prominent images and better PSNR values than other methods

Design and Simulation of Modular Multilevel Converter Fed Induction Motor Drive

Traditional modular multilevel converter (MMC) applications in medium voltage induction motor drive are difficult, particularly at low speeds because of the higher magnitude of the voltage ripple of the sub-module capacitor. This paper uses a hybrid MMC, particularly at low frequencies, to achieve a lower peak-to-peak voltage ripple of the sub-module capacitor. The vector control strategy with the closed-loop speed control indicates an accurate and wide-speed range. MATLAB / Simulink is used to simulate and obtain the simulation results of hybrid and traditional MMC with induction motor drive and compare from the standpoint of capacitor voltage ripple. The results are shown the reduction of peak-to-peak voltage ripple of the sub-module capacitor as the hybrid MMC is operated

Adaptasi Cerita Naskah Drama Pengakuan (Tuanku Imam Bonjol) Karya Wisran Hadi Ke Skenario Film Lelaki di Lintas Khatulistiwa (Tuanku Imam Bonjol) dan Lelaki dalam Lingkaran Nasib (Tuanku Imam Bonjol II) Karya S Metron Masdison: Suatu Kajian Interteks

AHMED KAMIL. Adaptasi Cerita Naskah Drama Pengakuan (Tuanku Imam Bonjol) Karya Wisran Hadi Ke Skenario Film Lelaki di Lintas Khatulistiwa (Tuanku Imam Bonjol) dan Lelaki dalam Lingkaran Nasib (Tuanku Imam Bonjol II) Karya S Metron Masdison: Suatu Kajian Interteks. Jurusan Sastra Indonesia Faultas Ilmu Budaya Univeritas Andalas, 2016. Pembimbing I Dr. Syafril, M.Si. dan Pembimbing II Drs. M. Yusuf, M.Hum. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap tiga karya sastra, yaitu naskah drama Pengakuan karya Wisran Hadi dan dua skenario yang berjudul Lelaki di Lintas Khatulistiwa (Tuanku Imam Bonjol) dan Lelaki dalam Lingkaran Nasib (Tuanku Imam Bonjol II) karya S Metron Masdison dengan menggunakan pendekatan Interteks, karena adaptasi yang dilakukan S Metron Masdison merupakan adaptasi yang sangat sedikit dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan struktur teks, menjelaskan adaptasi cerita, serta faktor-faktor apasaja yang menyebabkan terjadinya adaptasi dari naskah drama Pengakuan (Tuanku Imam Bonjol) karya Wisran Hadi ke Skenario Film Lelaki di Lintas Khatulistiwa (Tuanku Imam Bonjol) dan Lelaki dalam Lingkaran Nasib (Tuanku Imam Bonjol II) karya S Metron Masdison. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif. Teknik yang diguakan terdiri dari teknik pengumpulan data, menganalisis data, dan menajikan data. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan, bahwa naskah drama Pengakuan karya Wisran Hadi merupakan hipogram dari karya transformasinya yaitu skenario Lelaki di Lintas Khatulistiwa dan Lelaki dalam Lingkaran Nasib karya S Metron M. Transformasi yang dilakukan dalam skenario Lelaki di Lintas Khatulistiwa dan Lelaki dalam Lingkaran Nasib adalah ekspansi yaitu perluasan atau pengembangan karya. Adaptasi cerita dilakukan karena persoalan komersial dan untuk menjaga dan mengkritik sejarah Tuanku Imam Bonjol. Kata Kunci: Adaptasi Cerita, Interteks, tek

Preparation, Characterization, and Photocatalytic Applications of MWCNTs/TiO2 Composite

The multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/titanium dioxide (P25) composite in different ratios was prepared using simple evaporation and drying process. The composite was characterized by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The photocatalytic activity of this composite was investigated using degradation of the Bismarck brown R dye (BBR). An optimal MWCNTs/TiO2 ratio of 0.5% (w/w) was found to achieve the maximum rate of BBR degradation. It was observed that the composite exhibits enhanced photocatalytic activity compared with TiO2. The enhancement in photocatalytic activity performance of the MWCNTs/P25 composite is explained in terms of recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. In addition, MWCNTs act as a dispersing support to control the morphology of TiO2 particles in the MWCNTs/TiO2 composite