28 research outputs found
Autonomous three dimensional Newtonian systems which admit Lie and Noether point symmetries
We determine the autonomous three dimensional Newtonian systems which admit
Lie point symmetries and the three dimensional autonomous Newtonian Hamiltonian
systems, which admit Noether point symmetries. We apply the results in order to
determine the two dimensional Hamiltonian dynamical systems which move in a
space of constant non-vanishing curvature and are integrable via Noether point
symmetries. The derivation of the results is geometric and can be extended
naturally to higher dimensions.Comment: Accepted for publication in Journal of Physics A: Math. and Theor.,13
page
Tunnelling in quantum superlattices with variable lacunarity
Quantum fractal superlattices are microelectronic devices consisting of a
series of thin layers of two semiconductor materials deposited alternately on
each other over a substrate following the rules of construction of a fractal
set, here, a symmetrical polyadic Cantor fractal. The scattering properties of
electrons in these superlattices may be modeled by using that of quantum
particles in piecewise constant potential wells. The twist plots representing
the reflection coefficient as function of the lacunarity parameter show the
appearance of black curves with perfectly transparent tunnelling which may be
classified as vertical, arc, and striation nulls. Approximate analytical
formulae for these reflection-less curves are derived using the transfer matrix
method. Comparison with the numerical results show their good accuracy.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure
Generalizing the autonomous Kepler Ermakov system in a Riemannian space
We generalize the two dimensional autonomous Hamiltonian Kepler Ermakov
dynamical system to three dimensions using the sl(2,R) invariance of Noether
symmetries and determine all three dimensional autonomous Hamiltonian Kepler
Ermakov dynamical systems which are Liouville integrable via Noether
symmetries. Subsequently we generalize the autonomous Kepler Ermakov system in
a Riemannian space which admits a gradient homothetic vector by the
requirements (a) that it admits a first integral (the Riemannian Ermakov
invariant) and (b) it has sl(2,R) invariance. We consider both the
non-Hamiltonian and the Hamiltonian systems. In each case we compute the
Riemannian Ermakov invariant and the equations defining the dynamical system.
We apply the results in General Relativity and determine the autonomous
Hamiltonian Riemannian Kepler Ermakov system in the spatially flat Friedman
Robertson Walker spacetime. We consider a locally rotational symmetric (LRS)
spacetime of class A and discuss two cosmological models. The first
cosmological model consists of a scalar field with exponential potential and a
perfect fluid with a stiff equation of state. The second cosmological model is
the f(R) modified gravity model of {\Lambda}_{bc}CDM. It is shown that in both
applications the gravitational field equations reduce to those of the
generalized autonomous Riemannian Kepler Ermakov dynamical system which is
Liouville integrable via Noether integrals.Comment: Reference [25] update, 21 page
A transfer matrix method for the analysis of fractal quantum potentials
The scattering properties of quantum particles on fractal potentials at
different stages of fractal growth are obtained by means of the transfer matrix
method. This approach can be easily adopted for project assignments in
introductory quantum mechanics for undergraduates. The reflection coefficients
for both the fractal potential and the finite periodic potential are calculated
and compared. It is shown that the reflection coefficient for the fractal has a
self-similar structure associated with the fractal distribution of the
potential
Atomic time-of-arrival measurements with a laser of finite beam width
A natural approach to measure the time of arrival of an atom at a spatial
region is to illuminate this region with a laser and detect the first
fluorescence photons produced by the excitation of the atom and subsequent
decay. We investigate the actual physical content of such a measurement in
terms of atomic dynamical variables, taking into account the finite width of
the laser beam. Different operation regimes are identified, in particular the
ones in which the quantum current density may be obtained.Comment: 7 figure
The Numbers Behind Mushroom Biodiversity
Fungi are among the most diverse groups of organisms on Earth. with a global diversity estimated at 0.8 million to 5.1 million species. They play fundamental ecological roles as decomposers, mutualists, and pathogens, growing in almost all habitats and being important as sources of food and health benefits, income, and to maintain forest health. Global assessment of wild edible fungi indicate the existence of 2327 useful wild species; 2166 edible and 1069 used as food; 470 medicinal species. Several million tonnes are collected, consumed, and sold each year in over 80 countries. The major mushroom-producing countries in 2012 were China, Italy, USA, and The Netherlands, with 80% of the world production, 64% of which came from China. The European Union produces 24% of the world production. Italy is the largest European producer, Poland is the largest exporter, UK the largest importer.Fungi are difficult to preserve and fossilize and due to the poor preservation of most
fungal structures, it has been difficult to interpret the fossil record of fungi. Hyphae,
the vegetative bodies of fungi, bear few distinctive morphological characteristicss,
and organisms as diverse as cyanobacteria, eukaryotic algal groups, and oomycetes
can easily
be mistaken for them (Taylor & Taylor 1993). Fossils provide minimum
ages for divergences and genetic lineages can be much older than even the oldest
fossil representative found. According to Berbee and Taylor (2010), molecular clocks
(conversion of molecular changes into geological time) calibrated by fossils are the
only available tools to estimate timing of evolutionary events in fossil‐poor groups,
such as fungi.
The arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiotic fungi from the division Glomeromycota, generally
accepted as the phylogenetic sister clade to the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota,
have left the most ancient fossils in the Rhynie Chert of Aberdeenshire in the north of
Scotland (400 million years old). The Glomeromycota and several other fungi have been
found associated with the preserved tissues of early vascular plants (Taylor et al. 2004a).
Fossil spores from these shallow marine sediments from the Ordovician that closely
resemble Glomeromycota spores and finely branched hyphae arbuscules within plant
cells were clearly preserved in cells of stems of a 400 Ma primitive land plant,
Aglaophyton, from Rhynie chert 455–460 Ma in age (Redecker et al. 2000; Remy et al.
1994) and from roots from the Triassic (250–199 Ma) (Berbee & Taylor 2010; Stubblefield
et al. 1987).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio