Surface Roughness of Commercial Composites after Different Polishing Protocols: An Analysis with Atomic Force Microscopy

Polishing may increase the surface roughness of composites, with a possible effect on bacterial growth and material properties. This preliminary in vitro study evaluates the effect of three different polishing systems (PoGo polishers, Enhance, Venus Supra) on six direct resin composites (Gradia Direct, Venus, Venus Diamond, Enamel Plus HFO, Tetric Evoceram, Filtek Supreme XT)

A comparative study of bond strength of glass-cermet to enamel, dentin and composite resins

BONDING CAPACITY OF GLASS CERMET HAS NOT BEEN EXAMINED YET, IN LABORATORY STUDIES. THE PURPOSE OF THIS IN VITRO INVESTIGATION WAS TO EXAMINE BOND STRENGTHS OFGLASS-CERMET TO ENAMEL, DENTIN AND AUTOPOLYMERIZED COMPOSITE RESINS INTENSILE TEST. THE MATERIALS THAT WERE USED ARE: (A) KETAC-SILVER (GLASS-CERMET), KETAC-FIL (GLASS-IONOMER) ON EVALUATION OF BOND STRENGTH TO DENTAL TISSUES AND (B) KETAC-SILVER, KETAC-BOND (GLASS IONOMER), SILAR (MICROFILLER, COMPOSITE RESIN) P10 (HIGH PACKING, SMALL PARTICLES COMPOSITE RESIN) FOR RETENTION TO COMPOSITE RESINS. GROUPS OF SPECIMENS ARE THE FOLLOWING: (A) 1. ENAMEL, 2. DENTIN (CONTROL), 3. DENTIN PRETREATED WITH 50% CITRIC ACID FOR 30" AND 4 PRETREATED WITH 17% EDTA FOR 60" (B) 1. NO ETCHED SURFACE OF CEMENTS, 2. ETCHED FOR 30" AND 3 ETCHEDFOR 60". STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF BOND STRENGTH VALUES AND EXAMINATION OF THE FRACTURED SURFACES OF SPECIMENS WITH SFM PROVED: (A) GLASS CERMET BONDED TO ENAMEL AND DENTIN SHOWING NO DIFFERENCES IN COMPARISON TO GLASS-IONOMER (B) PRETREATMENT OF DENTIN SURFACE WITH CITRIC ACID AND EDTA DID NOT IMPROVE BOND STRENGTH OF THE CEMENTS, (C) ETCHING OF CEMENT SURFACES, IMPROVED BONDING OF COMPOSITERESINS, (D) BOND STRENGTH OF GLASS-CERMET TO COMPOSITE RESINS WAS HIGHER THAN GLASS-IONOMER AND (E) ETCHING TIME (30" OR 60") DIDN'T AFFECT BOND STRENGTH BETWEEN CEMENTS AND COMPOSITE RESINS.ΟΙ ΚΕΡΑΜΟΜΕΤΑΛΛΙΚΕΣ ΚΟΝΙΕΣ ΠΟΥ ΕΜΦΑΝΙΣΤΗΚΑΝ ΤΟ 1985, ΕΙΝΑΙ ΥΛΙΚΑ ΜΕ ΑΔΙΕΡΕΥΝΗΤΕΣ ΤΙΣ ΣΥΓΚΟΛΛΗΤΙΚΕΣ ΤΟΥΣ ΙΚΑΝΟΤΗΤΕΣ. ΣΤΗΝ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ ΑΥΤΗ ΕΞΕΤΑΣΘΗΚΕ Ο ΒΑΘΜΟΣ ΑΝΤΟΧΗΣ ΤΟΥ ΔΕΣΜΟΥ ΤΟΥΣ ΣΕ ΕΦΕΛΚΥΣΤΙΚΕΣ ΤΑΣΕΙΣ ΜΕ ΤΗΝ ΑΔΑΜΑΝΤΙΝΗ ΚΑΙ ΟΔΟΝΤΙΝΗ ΑΝΘΡΩΠΙΝΩΝ ΔΟΝΤΙΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΜΕ ΕΠΙΦΑΝΕΙΕΣ ΑΥΤΟΠΟΛΥΜΕΡΙΖΟΜΕΝΩΝ ΣΥΝΘΕΤΩΝ ΡΗΤΙΝΩΝ. ΕΞΕΤΑΣΤΗΚΑΝ ΤΑ ΥΛΙΚΑ (Α) KETAC-SILVER (ΚΕΡΑΜΟΜΕΤΑΛΛΙΚΗ), KETAC-FIL (ΥΑΛΟΙΟΝΟΜΕΡΗΣ) ΓΙΑ ΣΥΓΚΟΛΛΗΣΗ ΜΕ ΤΟΥΣ ΟΔΟΝΤΙΚΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΥΣ ΚΑΙ (Β) KETAC-SILVER, KETAC-BOND (ΥΑΛΟΙΟΝΟΜΕΡΗΣ), SILAR (ΜΙΚΡΟΚΟΚΚΗ ΣΥΝΘΕΤΗ ΡΗΤΙΝΗ) Ρ10 (ΜΙΚΡΩΝ ΤΕΜΑΧΙΔΙΩΝ ΣΥΝΘΕΤΗ ΡΗΤΙΝΗ)ΓΙΑ ΣΥΓΚΡΑΤΗΣΗ ΜΕ ΤΙΣ ΣΥΝΘΕΤΕΣ ΡΗΤΙΝΕΣ. ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΥΑΣΤΗΚΑΝ ΟΙ ΟΜΑΔΕΣ ΔΟΚΙΜΙΩΝ (Α)1. ΜΕ ΑΔΑΜΑΝΤΙΝΗ, 2. ΜΕ ΛΕΙΑΣΜΕΝΗ ΟΔΟΝΤΙΝΗ, 3. ΜΕ ΟΔΟΝΤΙΝΗ ΤΡΟΠΟΠΟΙΗΜΕΝΗ ΜΕ 50% ΚΙΤΡΙΚΟ ΟΞΥ 30" ΚΑΙ 3. ΜΕ EDTA 17% 60'' ΕΠΙΣΗΣ, (Β) 1. ΜΕ ΜΗ ΑΔΡΟΠΟΙΗΜΕΝΗ ΚΟΝΙΑ, 2. ΑΔΡΟΠΟΙΗΜΕΝΗ ΕΠΙ 30" 3. ΑΔΡΟΠΟΙΗΜΕΝΗ ΕΠΙ 60". Η ΣΤΑΤΙΣΤΙΚΗ ΑΝΑΛΥΣΗ ΤΩΝ ΤΙΜΩΝ ΑΝΤΟΧΗΣ ΤΩΝ ΔΕΣΜΩΝ ΚΑΙ Η ΠΑΡΑΤΗΡΗΣΗ ΤΩΝ ΑΠΟΚΟΛΛΗΜΕΝΩΝ ΕΠΙΦΑΝΕΙΩΝ ΤΟΥΣ ΣΕ SEM ΕΔΩΣΑΝ ΤΑ ΑΠΟΤΕΛΕΣΜΑΤΑ Α) Η ΚΕΡΑΜΟΜΕΤΑΛΛΙΚΗ ΚΟΝΙΑ ΣΥΓΚΟΛΛΑΤΑΙ ΜΕ ΤΟΥΣ ΟΔΟΝΤΙΚΟΥΣ ΙΣΤΟΥΣ ΣΤΟΝ ΙΔΙΟ ΒΑΘΜΟ ΜΕ ΕΚΕΙΝΟ ΤΩΝ ΥΑΛΟΙΟΝΟΜΕΡΩΝ, Β) ΤΑ ΤΡΟΠΟΠΟΙΗΤΙΚΑ ΜΕΣΑ ΟΔΟΝΤΙΝΗΣ ΔΕ ΒΕΛΤΙΩΝΟΥΝ ΤΟ ΣΥΓΚΟΛΛΗΤΙΚΟ ΔΕΣΜΟ ΤΩΝ ΚΟΝΙΩΝ, Γ) Η ΕΠΙΦΑΝΕΙΑ ΤΗΣΚΟΝΙΑΣ ΘΑ ΠΡΕΠΕΙ ΝΑ ΑΔΡΟΠΟΙΕΙΤΑΙ ΠΡΙΝ ΤΗ ΤΟΠΟΘΕΤΗΣΗ ΤΗΣ ΡΗΤΙΝΗΣ, Δ) Η ΚΕΡΑΜΟΜΕΤΑΛΛΙΚΗ ΚΟΝΙΑ ΣΥΓΚΡΑΤΕΙ ΤΗ ΡΗΤΙΝΗ ΙΣΧΥΡΟΤΕΡΑ ΕΝΑΝΤΙ ΤΗΣ ΥΑΛΟΙΟΝΟΜΕΡΟΥΣ Ε) Ο ΧΡΟΝΟΣ ΑΔΡΟΠΟΙΗΣΗΣ ΤΗΣ ΚΟΝΙΑΣ (30" 'Η 60") ΔΕΝ ΕΠΗΡΕΑΖΕΙ ΤΟ ΔΕΣΜΟ

In vitro assessment of tooth color alteration by two different types of endodontic irrigants

AIM: The purpose of this study was to assess in vitro the tooth color alterations associated with two commonly used endodontic irrigants, the chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) and the sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) up to 15 days post-treatment. Additionally, the possible influence of endodontic access preparation on tooth color was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty intact human anterior teeth were used. Black adhesive tape with a 4 mm diameter window was used to standardize the enamel surface intended for color analysis. After the access cavity, preparation and the initial root canal negotiation with stainless steel hand files, the root canal shaping was completed with rotary nickel-titanium files. The teeth were divided into three groups (n = 10). Conventional syringe irrigation was performed with one irrigant for each group. The enamel surfaces were colorimetrically evaluated before access cavity, after cavity preparation and at 1, 3, 7 and 15 days post-treatment. The CIE color parameters (L*, a*, b*) were recorded and averaged for each material and the corresponding color differences (ΔE) were calculated and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The most significant factor in tooth color alteration, during the endodontic treatment, was the access preparation. CHX and NaOCl caused tooth color changes comparable with the saline. CHX and NaOCl did not increase the tooth color changes relative to the values induced by the access preparation. CONCLUSION: The two endodontic irrigants were not able to induce tooth color alteration to a greater extent than the access preparation. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Chlorhexidine and NaOCl cannot be considered as discoloring endodontic materials. The most contributing factor in tooth color alteration during endodontic treatment in the anterior teeth is access preparation