The Impact of \u3cem\u3eAmex\u3c/em\u3e and Its Progeny on Technology Platforms

Big Tech today faces unprecedented levels of antitrust scrutiny. Yet antitrust enforcement against Big Tech still faces a major obstacle: the Supreme Court’s 2018 decision in Ohio v. American Express. Popularly called Amex, the case imposed a higher initial burden on antitrust plaintiffs in cases involving two-sided markets. Two-sided markets connect two distinct, noncompeting groups of customers on a shared platform. These platforms have indirect network effects, meaning that one group of customers benefits when more of the second group of customers joins the platform. Two-sided markets are ubiquitous in the technology sector, encompassing social media, search engines, and online marketplaces. Many have observed that the Amex Court’s reasoning drew on questionable economic principles, contrary to the typical approach in antitrust law. This Note examines and adds to these critiques through a novel analysis of lower-court cases post-Amex. This analysis reveals that Amex has resulted in inconsistencies and confusion in the lower courts, opening the door for technology defendants to manipulate Amex’s definition of two-sided markets for their own benefit. To resolve these inconsistencies, this Note proposes a two-part legislative solution to curb Amex’s reach

The Impact of \u3cem\u3eAmex\u3c/em\u3e and Its Progeny on Technology Platforms

Big Tech today faces unprecedented levels of antitrust scrutiny. Yet antitrust enforcement against Big Tech still faces a major obstacle: the Supreme Court’s 2018 decision in Ohio v. American Express. Popularly called Amex, the case imposed a higher initial burden on antitrust plaintiffs in cases involving two-sided markets. Two-sided markets connect two distinct, noncompeting groups of customers on a shared platform. These platforms have indirect network effects, meaning that one group of customers benefits when more of the second group of customers joins the platform. Two-sided markets are ubiquitous in the technology sector, encompassing social media, search engines, and online marketplaces. Many have observed that the Amex Court’s reasoning drew on questionable economic principles, contrary to the typical approach in antitrust law. This Note examines and adds to these critiques through a novel analysis of lower-court cases post-Amex. This analysis reveals that Amex has resulted in inconsistencies and confusion in the lower courts, opening the door for technology defendants to manipulate Amex’s definition of two-sided markets for their own benefit. To resolve these inconsistencies, this Note proposes a two-part legislative solution to curb Amex’s reach

Dehydrated food at low oxygen pressures, Kinetics of oxidation of

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nutrition and Food Science; and, (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 1983.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND SCIENCE.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 99-105).by Louis J. Kacyn.M.S

Update on the methods for monitoring UFA oxidation in food products

Unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) as well as natural food ingredients containing them are being added to food products more often. Unfortunately, UFAs are susceptible to oxidative degradation, and can therefore reduce the stability of a food matrix. The assessment of oxidation and stability of lipids has never been standardized, and has long included a variety of approaches. These techniques can differ greatly in the reactions/compounds being assessed, and therefore the eventual conclusions may be affected dramatically by selection of methodology. The aim of this review is to provide an update on the methods of historic and current use for the assessment of lipid stability in food products. Accelerated storage tests, assessment methods of lipid oxidation, and rapid indicators of stability are discussed in the contexts of their modern prominences, uses, and concerns