189 research outputs found

    Higher-Order QCD Corrections to Inclusive Particle Production in p anti-p Collisions

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    Inclusive single-particle production cross sections have been calculated including higher-order QCD corrections. Transverse-momentum and rapidity distributions are presented and the scale dependence is studied. The results are compared with experimental data from the CERN S(p anti-p)S Collider and the Fermilab Tevatron.Comment: 28 pages, [12 uuencoded PS figures, 3 available under request]. Preprint DESY 92-13

    Optical Phonon Lasing in Semiconductor Double Quantum Dots

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    We propose optical phonon lasing for a double quantum dot (DQD) fabricated in a semiconductor substrate. We show that the DQD is weakly coupled to only two LO phonon modes that act as a natural cavity. The lasing occurs for pumping the DQD via electronic tunneling at rates much higher than the phonon decay rate, whereas an antibunching of phonon emission is observed in the opposite regime of slow tunneling. Both effects disappear with an effective thermalization induced by the Franck-Condon effect in a DQD fabricated in a carbon nanotube with a strong electron-phonon coupling.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure

    Understanding the proton's spin structure

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    We discuss the tremendous progress that has been towards an understanding of how the spin of the proton is distributed on its quark and gluon constituents. This is a problem that began in earnest twenty years ago with the discovery of the proton ``spin crisis'' by the European Muon Collaboration. The discoveries prompted by that original work have given us unprecedented insight into the amount of spin carried by polarized gluons and the orbital angular momentum of the quarks.Comment: Review article for J. Phys. G, 1 figure, 22 page

    Polarised Quark Distributions in the Nucleon from Semi-Inclusive Spin Asymmetries

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    We present a measurement of semi-inclusive spin asymmetries for positively and negatively charged hadrons from deep inelastic scattering of polarised muons on polarised protons and deuterons in the range 0.0030.0031 GeV2^2. Compared to our previous publication on this subject, with the new data the statistical errors have been reduced by nearly a factor of two. From these asymmetries and our inclusive spin asymmetries we determine the polarised quark distributions of valence quarks and non-strange sea quarks at Q2Q^2=10 GeV2^2. The polarised uu valence quark distribution, Δuv(x)\Delta u_v(x), is positive and the polarisation increases with xx. The polarised dd valence quark distribution, Δdv(x)\Delta d_v(x), is negative and the non-strange sea distribution, Δqˉ(x)\Delta \bar q(x), is consistent with zero over the measured range of xx. We find for the first moments 01Δuv(x)dx=0.77±0.10±0.08\int_0^1 \Delta u_v(x) dx = 0.77 \pm 0.10 \pm 0.08, 01Δdv(x)dx=0.52±0.14±0.09\int_0^1 \Delta d_v(x) dx = -0.52 \pm 0.14 \pm 0.09 and 01Δqˉ(x)dx=0.01±0.04±0.03\int_0^1 \Delta \bar q(x) dx= 0.01 \pm 0.04 \pm 0.03, where we assumed Δuˉ(x)=Δdˉ(x)\Delta \bar u(x) = \Delta \bar d(x). We also determine for the first time the second moments of the valence distributions 01xΔqv(x)dx\int_0^1 x \Delta q_v(x) dx.Comment: 17 page

    Transverse-momentum-dependent Multiplicities of Charged Hadrons in Muon-Deuteron Deep Inelastic Scattering

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    A semi-inclusive measurement of charged hadron multiplicities in deep inelastic muon scattering off an isoscalar target was performed using data collected by the COMPASS Collaboration at CERN. The following kinematic domain is covered by the data: photon virtuality Q2>1Q^{2}>1 (GeV/cc)2^2, invariant mass of the hadronic system W>5W > 5 GeV/c2c^2, Bjorken scaling variable in the range 0.003<x<0.40.003 < x < 0.4, fraction of the virtual photon energy carried by the hadron in the range 0.2<z<0.80.2 < z < 0.8, square of the hadron transverse momentum with respect to the virtual photon direction in the range 0.02 (GeV/c)2<PhT2<3c)^2 < P_{\rm{hT}}^{2} < 3 (GeV/cc)2^2. The multiplicities are presented as a function of PhT2P_{\rm{hT}}^{2} in three-dimensional bins of xx, Q2Q^2, zz and compared to previous semi-inclusive measurements. We explore the small-PhT2P_{\rm{hT}}^{2} region, i.e. PhT2<1P_{\rm{hT}}^{2} < 1 (GeV/cc)2^2, where hadron transverse momenta are expected to arise from non-perturbative effects, and also the domain of larger PhT2P_{\rm{hT}}^{2}, where contributions from higher-order perturbative QCD are expected to dominate. The multiplicities are fitted using a single-exponential function at small PhT2P_{\rm{hT}}^{2} to study the dependence of the average transverse momentum PhT2\langle P_{\rm{hT}}^{2}\rangle on xx, Q2Q^2 and zz. The power-law behaviour of the multiplicities at large PhT2P_{\rm{hT}}^{2} is investigated using various functional forms. The fits describe the data reasonably well over the full measured range.Comment: 28 pages, 20 figure

    Observation of a J^PC = 1-+ exotic resonance in diffractive dissociation of 190 GeV/c pi- into pi- pi- pi+

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    The COMPASS experiment at the CERN SPS has studied the diffractive dissociation of negative pions into the pi- pi- pi+ final state using a 190 GeV/c pion beam hitting a lead target. A partial wave analysis has been performed on a sample of 420000 events taken at values of the squared 4-momentum transfer t' between 0.1 and 1 GeV^2/c^2. The well-known resonances a1(1260), a2(1320), and pi2(1670) are clearly observed. In addition, the data show a significant natural parity exchange production of a resonance with spin-exotic quantum numbers J^PC = 1-+ at 1.66 GeV/c^2 decaying to rho pi. The resonant nature of this wave is evident from the mass-dependent phase differences to the J^PC = 2-+ and 1++ waves. From a mass-dependent fit a resonance mass of 1660 +- 10+0-64 MeV/c^2 and a width of 269+-21+42-64 MeV/c^2 is deduced.Comment: 7 page, 3 figures; version 2 gives some more details, data unchanged; version 3 updated authors, text shortened, data unchange

    The Spin Structure Function g1pg_1^{\rm p} of the Proton and a Test of the Bjorken Sum Rule

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    New results for the double spin asymmetry A1pA_1^{\rm p} and the proton longitudinal spin structure function g1pg_1^{\rm p} are presented. They were obtained by the COMPASS collaboration using polarised 200 GeV muons scattered off a longitudinally polarised NH3_3 target. The data were collected in 2011 and complement those recorded in 2007 at 160\,GeV, in particular at lower values of xx. They improve the statistical precision of g1p(x)g_1^{\rm p}(x) by about a factor of two in the region x0.02x\lesssim 0.02. A next-to-leading order QCD fit to the g1g_1 world data is performed. It leads to a new determination of the quark spin contribution to the nucleon spin, ΔΣ\Delta \Sigma ranging from 0.26 to 0.36, and to a re-evaluation of the first moment of g1pg_1^{\rm p}. The uncertainty of ΔΣ\Delta \Sigma is mostly due to the large uncertainty in the present determinations of the gluon helicity distribution. A new evaluation of the Bjorken sum rule based on the COMPASS results for the non-singlet structure function g1NS(x,Q2)g_1^{\rm NS}(x,Q^2) yields as ratio of the axial and vector coupling constants gA/gV=1.22±0.05 (stat.)±0.10 (syst.)|g_{\rm A}/g_{\rm V}| = 1.22 \pm 0.05~({\rm stat.}) \pm 0.10~({\rm syst.}), which validates the sum rule to an accuracy of about 9\%.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures and table

    First Measurement of Chiral Dynamics in \pi^- \gamma -> \pi^- \pi^- \pi^+

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    The COMPASS collaboration at CERN has investigated the \pi^- \gamma -> \pi^- \pi^- \pi^+ reaction at center-of-momentum energy below five pion masses, sqrt(s) < 5 m(\pi), embedded in the Primakoff reaction of 190 GeV pions impinging on a lead target. Exchange of quasi-real photons is selected by isolating the sharp Coulomb peak observed at smallest momentum transfers, t' < 0.001 (GeV/c)^2. Using partial-wave analysis techniques, the scattering intensity of Coulomb production described in terms of chiral dynamics and its dependence on the 3\pi-invariant mass m(3\pi) = sqrt(s) were extracted. The absolute cross section was determined in seven bins of s\sqrt{s} with an overall precision of 20%. At leading order, the result is found to be in good agreement with the prediction of chiral perturbation theory over the whole energy range investigated.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure
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