Hydrodynamics and suspended sediment transport in the Camboriú estuary - Brazil: pre jetty conditions

Estuarine hydrodynamics is a key factor in the definition of the filtering capacity of an estuary and results from the interaction of the processes that control the inlet morphodynamics and those that are acting in the mixing of the water in the estuary. The hydrodynamics and suspended sediment transport in the Camboriú estuary were assessed by two field campaigns conducted in 1998 that covered both neap and spring tide conditions. The period measured represents the estuarine hydrodynamics and sediment transport prior to the construction of the jetty in 2003 and provides important background information for the Camboriú estuary. Each field campaign covered two complete tidal cycles with hourly measurements of currents, salinity, suspended sediment concentration and water level. Results show that the Camboriú estuary is partially mixed with the vertical structure varying as a function of the tidal range and tidal phase. The dynamic estuarine structure can be balanced between the stabilizing effects generated by the vertical density gradient, which produces buoyancy and stratification flows, and the turbulent effects generated by the vertical velocity gradient that generates vertical mixing. The main sediment source for the water column are the bottom sediments, periodically resuspended by the tidal currents. The advective salt and suspended sediment transport was different between neap and spring tides, being more complex at spring tide. The river discharge term was important under both tidal conditions. The tidal correlation term was also important, being dominant in the suspended sediment transport during the spring tide. The gravitational circulation and Stokes drift played a secondary role in the estuarine transport processes.As trocas de água e materiais através das desembocaduras de estuários são de difícil quantificação e são de fundamental importância para o entendimento do funcionamento de estuários e da zona costeira. A hidrodinâmica e transporte de sedimentos em suspensão no estuário do rio Camboriú foram estudados através da realização de duas campanhas de campo em 1998 cobrindo as condições de quadratura e sizígia. O período do levantamento foi anterior à obra de construção do molhe em 2003 que alterou a morfologia da desembocadura, fornecendo assim importantes informações base sobre o sistema. Cada experimento cobriu dois ciclos de maré com medições horárias de correntes, salinidade, concentrações de sedimentos em suspensão e nível de água. Os resultados mostram que o estuário é parcialmente misturado com estrutura vertical variando em função da amplitude e fase da maré. A estrutura dinâmica do estuário é balanceada entre os efeitos estabilizadores gerados pelo gradiente vertical de densidade, que permite produzir fluxo de empuxo e estratificação, e os efeitos turbulentos gerados pelo gradiente vertical de velocidade, que gera mistura vertical. A principal fonte de sedimentos para a coluna de água são os sedimentos de fundo, periodicamente resuspendidos pelas correntes de maré. O transporte advectivo de sal e sedimentos em suspensão foi diferente entre condições de quadratura e sizígia, sendo mais complexo durante a sizígia. A circulação gravitacional e a deriva de Stokes apresentam um papel secundário nos processos de transporte estuarinos.CNP

Hydrodynamics and suspended sediment transport in the Camboriú estuary - Brazil: pre jetty conditions

As trocas de água e materiais através das desembocaduras de estuários são de difícil quantificação e são de fundamental importância para o entendimento do funcionamento de estuários e da zona costeira. A hidrodinâmica e transporte de sedimentos em suspensão no estuário do rio Camboriú foram estudados através da realização de duas campanhas de campo em 1998 cobrindo as condições de quadratura e sizígia. O período do levantamento foi anterior à obra de construção do molhe em 2003 que alterou a morfologia da desembocadura, fornecendo assim importantes informações base sobre o sistema. Cada experimento cobriu dois ciclos de maré com medições horárias de correntes, salinidade, concentrações de sedimentos em suspensão e nível de água. Os resultados mostram que o estuário é parcialmente misturado com estrutura vertical variando em função da amplitude e fase da maré. A estrutura dinâmica do estuário é balanceada entre os efeitos estabilizadores gerados pelo gradiente vertical de densidade, que permite produzir fluxo de empuxo e estratificação, e os efeitos turbulentos gerados pelo gradiente vertical de velocidade, que gera mistura vertical. A principal fonte de sedimentos para a coluna de água são os sedimentos de fundo, periodicamente resuspendidos pelas correntes de maré. O transporte advectivo de sal e sedimentos em suspensão foi diferente entre condições de quadratura e sizígia, sendo mais complexo durante a sizígia. A circulação gravitacional e a deriva de Stokes apresentam um papel secundário nos processos de transporte estuarinos.Estuarine hydrodynamics is a key factor in the definition of the filtering capacity of an estuary and results from the interaction of the processes that control the inlet morphodynamics and those that are acting in the mixing of the water in the estuary. The hydrodynamics and suspended sediment transport in the Camboriú estuary were assessed by two field campaigns conducted in 1998 that covered both neap and spring tide conditions. The period measured represents the estuarine hydrodynamics and sediment transport prior to the construction of the jetty in 2003 and provides important background information for the Camboriú estuary. Each field campaign covered two complete tidal cycles with hourly measurements of currents, salinity, suspended sediment concentration and water level. Results show that the Camboriú estuary is partially mixed with the vertical structure varying as a function of the tidal range and tidal phase. The dynamic estuarine structure can be balanced between the stabilizing effects generated by the vertical density gradient, which produces buoyancy and stratification flows, and the turbulent effects generated by the vertical velocity gradient that generates vertical mixing. The main sediment source for the water column are the bottom sediments, periodically resuspended by the tidal currents. The advective salt and suspended sediment transport was different between neap and spring tides, being more complex at spring tide. The river discharge term was important under both tidal conditions. The tidal correlation term was also important, being dominant in the suspended sediment transport during the spring tide. The gravitational circulation and Stokes drift played a secondary role in the estuarine transport processes

Littoral sensitivity index (LSI) to oil spills along the Santa Catarina island and adjacent areas

This paper describes the Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) for oil-spill accidents for the Santa Catarina Island and surrounded areas. The shoreline classification was obtained according to the Guidelines for ESI elaboration, established by the Environmental Quality Secretariat of the Environmental Ministry (SQA/MMA, 2002). Field works and literature review were conduced in order to fulfill all the required information for the classification. All information was processed by a geographic information software system, Arc Map 8.3. The study area was divided into 291 segments, resulting in 447,5 km of shoreline classification. Index 10 is the most frequent in the study area, representing about 36% (mangroves, salt marshes and vegetated river-margins). The index 7 was not determined in the study area. The resulting ESI maps are articulated in 7 Operational Maps at 1:50.000 scales

Desenvolvimento de uma Ferramenta Integrada ao Google Earth Engine para a Análise de Ambientes Costeiros

Coastal zones are among the regions most impacted by climatechange; understanding their evolution along the years is essential to handlethe damage they suffered. This work proposes a tool to analyze coastal zonesof the entire planet through the usage of Google Earth Engine, a platform forperforming multispectral image processing and data visualization in the cloud

Two-bands superconductivity with intra- and interband pairing for synthetic superlattices

We consider a model for superconductivity in a two-band superconductor, having an anisotropic electronic structure made of two partially overlapping bands with a first hole-like and a second electron-like fermi surface. In this pairing scenario, driven by the interplay between interband $V_{i,j}$ and intraband $V_{i,i}$ pairing terms, we have solved the two gap equations at the critical temperature $T = T_c$ and calculate $T_c$ and the chemical potential $\mu$ as a function of the number of carriers $n$ for various values of pairing interactions, $V_{1,1}$, $V_{2,2}$, and $V_{1,2}$. The results show the complexity of the physics of condensates with multiple order parameters with the chemical potential near band edges.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figure

Proposing new variables for the identification of strategic groups in franchising

The identification of strategic groups in the Spanish franchising area is the main aim of this study. The authors have added some new strategic variables (not used before) to the study and have classified franchisors between sectors and distribution strategy. The results reveal the existence of four perfectly differentiated strategic groups (types of franchisors). One of the major implications of this study is that the variables that build a strategic group vary depending on the respective sector the network operates in and its distribution strategy. This fact indicates that including sector and distribution strategy is absolutely necessary to achieve good classifications of franchisor type

The Polarised Valence Quark Distribution from semi-inclusive DIS

The semi-inclusive difference asymmetry A^{h^{+}-h^{-}} for hadrons of opposite charge has been measured by the COMPASS experiment at CERN. The data were collected in the years 2002-2004 using a 160 GeV polarised muon beam scattered off a large polarised ^6LiD target and cover the range 0.006 < x < 0.7 and 1 < Q^2 < 100 (GeV/c)^2. In leading order QCD (LO) the asymmetry A_d^{h^{+}-h^{-}} measures the valence quark polarisation and provides an evaluation of the first moment of Delta u_v + Delta d_v which is found to be equal to 0.40 +- 0.07 (stat.) +- 0.05 (syst.) over the measured range of x at Q^2 = 10 (GeV/c)^2. When combined with the first moment of g_1^d previously measured on the same data, this result favours a non-symmetric polarisation of light quarks Delta u-bar = - Delta d-bar at a confidence level of two standard deviations, in contrast to the often assumed symmetric scenario Delta u-bar = Delta d-bar = Delta s-bar = Delta s.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, COMPASS, revised: details added, author list update

A tool for predicting the thermal performance of a diesel engine

This paper presents a thermal network model for the simulation of the transient response of diesel engines. The model was adjusted by using experimental data from a completely instrumented engine run under steady-state and transient conditions. Comparisons between measured and predicted material temperatures over a wide range of engine running conditions show a mean error of 7◦C. The model was then used to predict the thermal behavior of a different engine. Model results were checked against oil and coolant temperatures measured during engine warm-up at constant speed and load, and on a New European Driving Cycle. Results show that the model predicts these temperatures with a maximum error of 3◦C.Torregrosa, AJ.; Olmeda González, PC.; Martín Díaz, J.; Romero Piedrahita, CA. (2011). A tool for predicting the thermal performance of a diesel engine. Heat Transfer Engineering. 32(10):891-904. doi:10.1080/01457632.2011.548639S891904321

Revealing the last 13,500 years of environmental history from the multiproxy record of a mountain lake (Lago Enol, northern Iberian Peninsula)

This is the author's accepted manuscript. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10933-009-9387-7.We present the Holocene sequence from Lago Enol (43°16′N, 4°59′W, 1,070 m a.s.l.), Cantabrian Mountains, northern Spain. A multiproxy analysis provided comprehensive information about regional humidity and temperature changes. The analysis included sedimentological descriptions, physical properties, organic carbon and carbonate content, mineralogy and geochemical composition together with biological proxies including diatom and ostracod assemblages. A detailed pollen study enabled reconstruction of variations in vegetation cover, which were interpreted in the context of climate changes and human impact. Four distinct stages were recognized for the last 13,500 years: (1) a cold and dry episode that includes the Younger Dryas event (13,500–11,600 cal. year BP); (2) a humid and warmer period characterizing the onset of the Holocene (11,600–8,700 cal. year BP); (3) a tendency toward a drier climate during the middle Holocene (8,700–4,650 cal. year BP); and (4) a return to humid conditions following landscape modification by human activity (pastoral activities, deforestation) in the late Holocene (4,650–2,200 cal. year BP). Superimposed on relatively stable landscape conditions (e.g. maintenance of well established forests), the typical environmental variability of the southern European region is observed at this site.The Spanish Inter-Ministry Commission of Science and Technology (CICYT), the Spanish National Parks agency, the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Science, and the European Social Fund

Revealing the last 13,500 years of environmental history from the multiproxy record of a mountain lake (Lago Enol, northern Iberian Peninsula)

This is the author's accepted manuscript. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10933-009-9387-7.We present the Holocene sequence from Lago Enol (43°16′N, 4°59′W, 1,070 m a.s.l.), Cantabrian Mountains, northern Spain. A multiproxy analysis provided comprehensive information about regional humidity and temperature changes. The analysis included sedimentological descriptions, physical properties, organic carbon and carbonate content, mineralogy and geochemical composition together with biological proxies including diatom and ostracod assemblages. A detailed pollen study enabled reconstruction of variations in vegetation cover, which were interpreted in the context of climate changes and human impact. Four distinct stages were recognized for the last 13,500 years: (1) a cold and dry episode that includes the Younger Dryas event (13,500–11,600 cal. year BP); (2) a humid and warmer period characterizing the onset of the Holocene (11,600–8,700 cal. year BP); (3) a tendency toward a drier climate during the middle Holocene (8,700–4,650 cal. year BP); and (4) a return to humid conditions following landscape modification by human activity (pastoral activities, deforestation) in the late Holocene (4,650–2,200 cal. year BP). Superimposed on relatively stable landscape conditions (e.g. maintenance of well established forests), the typical environmental variability of the southern European region is observed at this site.The Spanish Inter-Ministry Commission of Science and Technology (CICYT), the Spanish National Parks agency, the European Commission, the Spanish Ministry of Science, and the European Social Fund