STRUKTUR HUTAN MANGROVE SEBAGAI HABITAT HEWAN ENDEMIK ANOA DATARAN RENDAH (Bubalus sp.) DI TAMAN NASIONAL RAWA AOPA WATUMOHAI

Hutan mangrove di Taman Nasional Rawa Aopa Watumohai (TNRAW) merupakan kawasan yang terjaga kelestariannya dan mendukung kehidupan hewan endemik.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merumuskan model pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove yang efektif untuk mengoptimalkan konservasi hewan endemik dan dilindungi, utamanya Anoa dataran rendah (Bubalus sp) di Kawasan mangrove TNRAW,  Sulawesi Tenggara. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa struktur vegetasi mangrove di kawasan TNRAW memperlihatkan keunikan masing-masing di area pantai, daerah tengah dan dekat daratan. Terdapat 8 jenis mangrove berkayu di kawasan mangrove TNRAW yang menjadi area pengamatan burung dengan kondisi sangat baik di area tepi pantai, tengah maupun perbatasan dengan daratan, meskipun pada beberapa bagian cukup sulit untuk terjadi regenerasi alami karena kondisi tegakan yang cukup rapat. Empat jenis mangrove sejati yang paling dominan di TNRAW yaitu Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Lumnitzera racemosa dan Ceriops tagal. Rhizophora apiculata dan R. mucronata tumbuh disepanjang aliran sungai Lanowulu yang membelah hutan mangrove di TNRAW.Lumnitzera racemosa dan Ceriops tagal tumbuh di daerah dengan habitat yang keras. Anoa dataran rendah (Bubalus sp) tersebar di kawasan mangrove  yang relatif mudah pada tegakan Lumnitzera racemosa dan Ceriops tagal yang ditandai dengan adanya tapak kaki dan kotoran dan terdapat ruang-ruang kosong yang ditumbuhi rerumputan dan semai serta anakan kedua jenis tersebut yang memungkinan hewan Anoa dataran rendah menggunakan mangrove sebagai tempat beristrahat dan mencari makan.Kata kunci : Hutan mangrove, Hewan endemik, Anoa dataran rendah, TNRAW

Bioprospecting mangroves: antioxidant source and habitat for the endemic Bubalus sp in Rawa Aopa Watumohai National Park, Indonesia

This study determines the antioxidant contents in mangroves leaves, and elucidates strategies feasible for the management of mangroves forest and conservation of the endemic Bubalus sp. in RAWN Park, Indonesia. The antioxidant contents including anthocyanin, alkaloid, tannin and vitamin C were determined in leaf samples of Lumnitzera racemosa, Ceriops tagal and Ceriops decandra mangrove trees grown in RAWN Park. The leaves of C. tagal contained the highest anthocyanin (0.068%) in comparison to C. decandra (0.047%) and L. racemosa (0.042%). On the contrary, alkaloid content of L. racemosa leaves (0.067%) was significantly higher than that of C. tagal (0.046%) and of C. decandra (0.048%). Similarly, the tannin content of L. racemosa leaves (29.66%) was significantly higher than C. tagal (23.53%) and C. decandra (7.11%). In addition, the vitamin C content of the L. racemosa leaves (283,11 mg/100g) was significantly higher than C. decandra (231,35 mg/100g) and C. tagal (216,82 mg/100g). The footprints of areas found in these mangroves forest, which indicated that they might be used mangrove as feeding and resting areas. The results of study imply the potentiality of mangroves in RAWN Park as antioxidant and food source of Bubalus sp. The findings of this study realized the important of mangroves as antioxidant and food sources, as well as habitat of lowland anoas. Therefore, sustainable management mangrove forests must be given priority as an important habitat for endemic animal

PHENOLOGICAL TRAITS OF MANGROVE Kandelia obovata GROWN IN MANKO WETLAND, OKINAWA ISLAND, JAPAN

Phenological traits of Kandelia obovata (S., L.) Yong was investigated on the basis of seasonal leaf recruit, leaf death and leaf growth. The seasonal leaf growth was estimated using the logistic growth curve. Leaf recruitment, leaf death and reproductive cycle were obtained by survey data. This study results showed that new leaf recruitment occurred during the year indicating high productivity of mangrove Kandelia obovata forest. The highest leaf recruit was in July, while it was the lowest in January. However, the highest leaf death was in August, whereas it was the lowest in January. Growth pattern of leaves varied among seasons as of winter leaves are taken longger time to get their maximum size, while other season leaves are taken short time to get their maximum size. Period from flowering to mature propagules of K. obovata trees is considered to be around 12 months, while most the propagules become mature in the next spring season (April and May), which indicated shorter reproduction cycle

STRUKTUR POPULASI DAN KANDUNGAN LOGAM BERAT PADA GASTROPODA (Telescopium telescopium) DI KAWASAN MANGROVE TAMAN NASIONAL RAWA AOPA WATUMOHAI

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui struktur populasi dan kandungan logam berat gastropoda (Telescopium telescopium) di Taman Nasional Rawa Aopa Watumohai. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai Maret 2018. Lokasi pengambilan sampel penelitian terletak pada mangrove yang tumbuh di Sungai Lanowulu dan Roraya di TNRAW. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampel. Penelitian ini menggunakan plot kuadrat ukuran 1 m2 diletakkan di setiap stasiun. Jumlah individu dari T. telescopium dihitung berat dan panjangnya. Selain itu, kandungan logam berat Timbal (Pb) dan Cadmium (Cd) di dalam daging T. telescopium dihitung menggunakan Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) di Laboratorium Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Universitas Halu Oleo. Struktur populasi T. telescopium ditentukan dengan analisis histogram, distribusi ukurannya ditentukan dengan analisis koefisien variasi (CV). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan struktur populasi gastropoda membentuk kurva normal dengan ukuran kecil. Kandungan logam Pb dan Cd di dalam sedimen dan air laut dari Sungai Roraya lebih tinggi secara signifikan dibandingkan dengan Sungai Lanowulu, disisi lain, kandungan logam berat Pb dan Cd dalam daging T. telescopium tidak berbeda signifikan. Dengan demikian, kandungan logam berat Pb dan Cd pada air laut, sedimen dan daging T. telescopium di sungai Lanowulu dan sungai Roraya berada di atas baku mutu sesuai dengan Kepmen LH. No. 51. 2004. Kata kunci: Gastropoda, Mangrove, Logam Berat, TNRAW. ABSTRACTThis study aims todetermine the population structure and heavy metals contents of gastropods (Telescopiumtelescopium) living in RawaAopaWatumohai National RAWN Park. This research was conducted from January until March 2018. The sampling location of research was in mangroves grown along the Lanowulu and Roraya rives at RAWN Park. This research uses purposive sampling method.  This study used the plot quadrate of 1 m2 widethat placed in each station. The number of individuals of.T. telecopium was counted, while their fresh weight and length of T.telescopiumwere measured. In addition, the content of heavy metals of Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) into meat of T. telescopium were measured by using Atomic Absorption spectroscopy (AAS) in Laboratory at Faculty of Fisheries andMarine Science at Halu Oleo University. The population structure of T. telescopium was determined by histrogram analysis, its size distribution was determined by coefficient of variation (CV) analysis. The results showed that population structure of gastropods was normal curve with small ranges of size distribution. The content of Pb and Cd into sediment and sea water of Rorayariver were significantly higher as compared than that in Lanowulu river. On the other hand, the content of heavy metals Pb and Cd into meat of T. telescopium was not significantly different. However, the heavy metals contents of Pb and Cd into sea water, sediment and meat of T. telescopiumboth in Lanowuluand Roraya riverswere above the quality standard according to Ministry of Environment No. 51/LH/2004. Keywords : Gastropods, mangroves, Lanowulu and Roraya rivers, heavy metals, Rawa Aopa Watumohai National Par

Allometric Model, Aboveground Biomass and Carbon Sequestration of Natural Regeneration of Avicennia lanata (Ridley). at in-active Pond of Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi

This study aimed to establish an allometric model for estimation of aboveground biomass, and carbon sequestration in A. lanata mangrove forest growing in Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. Research methods were done by transect and 5 quadrats with size of 100 m2 each. A total of thirteen individual trees with different sizes were harvested. While DBH and D30 were measured. The samples were separated into stems, branches, and leaves and then weighted. The sample from each fresh organs were taken and brought to the Laboratory and then oven dried at 80°C for 7 days. The allometric equations were established by using independent variables (DBH and D30), and dependent variables (Ws, Wb, Wl). The partial and  overall aboveground biomasses were calculated from allometric model, while carbon stock and CO2 sequestration were estimated. The results showed that the independent variable of DBH was more applicable for estimation of Ws, Wb, Wl, and total biomasses (Mg ha-1) of A. lanata forest, which were estimated as 28.28±3.48, 6.40±0.79, 5.00±0.66, and 40.08±4.97 respectively. The carbon stock in stems (13.24±1.63 Mg ha-1) was higher than in branches (3.01±0.37 Mg C ha-1) as well as in leaves (2.35±0.31 Mg C ha-1). The total of carbon stock were estimated at about 18.83±2.33 Mg C ha-1. Meanwhile, the total of CO2 absorption by A. lanata mangrove was 43.95±5.45 Mg CO2 ha-1. Therefore a regenerated A. lanata mangrove in this in-active pond area had potentiality on carbon stock and sequestrations, although these vegetation condition was still in the growth stage

AVONET: morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds

Functional traits offer a rich quantitative framework for developing and testing theories in evolutionary biology, ecology and ecosystem science. However, the potential of functional traits to drive theoretical advances and refine models of global change can only be fully realised when species‐level information is complete. Here we present the AVONET dataset containing comprehensive functional trait data for all birds, including six ecological variables, 11 continuous morphological traits, and information on range size and location. Raw morphological measurements are presented from 90,020 individuals of 11,009 extant bird species sampled from 181 countries. These data are also summarised as species averages in three taxonomic formats, allowing integration with a global phylogeny, geographical range maps, IUCN Red List data and the eBird citizen science database. The AVONET dataset provides the most detailed picture of continuous trait variation for any major radiation of organisms, offering a global template for testing hypotheses and exploring the evolutionary origins, structure and functioning of biodiversity

Crown shape dynamics of dense mangrove Kandelia obovata stands in Manko Wetland, Okinawa Island, Japan

Analuddin K, Septiana A, Sharma S, Hagihara A. 2016. Crown shape dynamics of dense mangrove Kandelia obovata stands in Manko Wetland, Okinawa Island, Japan. Biodiversitas 17: 865-872. The objectives of this study were to elucidate the crown structure dynamics for dense mangrove stands, and to know the crown shape maintenances and its important role for ensuring the stability and vitality the crowded mangrove forest. The growth parameters of K. obovata Shue, Liu & Yong stands, such as tree height H (m), height at the lowest living leaves HL (m), crown length CL (m) and crown width CW (m), were measured in the summer from 2004 to 2008. The crown shape dynamics were analyzed. The results showed that the HL was significantly increased with increasing H, which suggests that the crown changed to be dumpy as the stands grew. However, the CL of young stands increased and then decreased continuously as the stands grew, while the CL of mature stands decreased from 2004 to 2007 and then increased in 2008. Meanwhile, the CL/CW ratio of young stands decreased as the stands grew, while the CL/CW ratio of mature stands decreased and then increased, which imply that dense Kandelia obovata trees might transform their crown shape for reducing of competition for light among trees. Therefore, these results suggested that the crown shape of dense mangrove treesare dynamics as developing stands