545 research outputs found
Semigroup Closures of Finite Rank Symmetric Inverse Semigroups
We introduce the notion of semigroup with a tight ideal series and
investigate their closures in semitopological semigroups, particularly inverse
semigroups with continuous inversion. As a corollary we show that the symmetric
inverse semigroup of finite transformations of the rank
is algebraically closed in the class of (semi)topological inverse
semigroups with continuous inversion. We also derive related results about the
nonexistence of (partial) compactifications of classes of semigroups that we
consider.Comment: With the participation of the new coauthor - Jimmie Lawson - the
manuscript has been substantially revised and expanded. Accordingly, we have
also changed the manuscript titl
Excitation function of elliptic flow in Au+Au collisions and the nuclear matter equation of state
We present measurements of the excitation function of elliptic flow at
midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at beam energies from 0.09 to 1.49 GeV per
nucleon. For the integral flow, we discuss the interplay between collective
expansion and spectator shadowing for three centrality classes. A complete
excitation function of transverse momentum dependence of elliptic flow is
presented for the first time in this energy range, revealing a rapid change
with incident energy below 0.4 AGeV, followed by an almost perfect scaling at
the higher energies. The equation of state of compressed nuclear matter is
addressed through comparisons to microscopic transport model calculations.Comment: 10 pages, 4 eps figures, submitted for publication. Data files will
be available at http://www.gsi.de/~fopiwww/pub
Direct comparison of phase-space distributions of K- and K+ mesons in heavy-ion collisions at SIS energies - evidence for in-medium modifications of kaons ?
The ratio of K- to K+ meson yields has been measured in the systems RuRu at
1.69 A GeV, Ru+Zr at 1.69 A GeV, and Ni+Ni at 1.93 A GeV incident beam kinetic
energy. The yield ratio is observed to vary across the measured phase space.
Relativistic transport-model calculations indicate that the data are best
understood if in-medium modifications of the kaons are taken into account.Comment: 14 pages including 3 figure
Identification of baryon resonances in central heavy-ion collisions at energies between 1 and 2 AGeV
The mass distributions of baryon resonances populated in near-central
collisions of Au on Au and Ni on Ni are deduced by defolding the spectra
of charged pions by a method which does not depend on a specific resonance
shape. In addition the mass distributions of resonances are obtained from the
invariant masses of pairs. With both methods the deduced mass
distributions are shifted by an average value of -60 MeV/c relative to the
mass distribution of the free resonance, the distributions
descent almost exponentially towards mass values of 2000 MeV/c^2. The observed
differences between and pairs indicate a contribution
of isospin resonances. The attempt to consistently describe the
deduced mass distributions and the reconstructed kinetic energy spectra of the
resonances leads to new insights about the freeze out conditions, i.e. to
rather low temperatures and large expansion velocities.Comment: 30 pages, 13 figures, Latex using documentstyle[12pt,a4,epsfig], to
appear in Eur. Phys. J.
Systematics of pion emission in heavy ion collisions in the 1A GeV regime
Using the large acceptance apparatus FOPI, we study pion emission in the
reactions (energies in GeV/nucleon are given in parentheses): 40Ca+40Ca (0.4,
0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5, 1.93), 96Ru+96Ru (0.4, 1.0, 1.5), 96Zr+96Zr (0.4, 1.0,
1.5), 197Au+197Au (0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.5). The observables include
longitudinal and transverse rapidity distributions and stopping, polar
anisotropies, pion multiplicities, transverse momentum spectra, ratios for
positively and negatively charged pions of average transverse momenta and of
yields, directed flow, elliptic flow. The data are compared to earlier data
where possible and to transport model simulations.Comment: 56 pages,42 figures; to be published in Nuclear Physics
Sideward flow of K+ mesons in Ru+Ru and Ni+Ni reactions near threshold
Experimental data on K+ meson and proton sideward flow measured with the FOPI
detector at SIS/GSI in the reactions Ru+Ru at 1.69 AGeV and Ni+Ni at 1.93 AGeV
are presented. The K+ sideward flow is found to be anti-correlated (correlated)
with the one of protons at low (high) transverse momenta. When compared to the
predictions of a transport model, the data favour the existence of an in-medium
repulsive K+ nucleon potential.Comment: 16 pages Revtex, 3 ps-figures, submitted to Phys. Lett.
Flow angle from intermediate mass fragment measurements
Directed sideward flow of light charged particles and intermediate mass
fragments was measured in different symmetric reactions at bombarding energies
from 90 to 800 AMeV. The flow parameter is found to increase with the charge of
the detected fragment up to Z = 3-4 and then turns into saturation for heavier
fragments. Guided by simple simulations of an anisotropic expanding thermal
source, we show that the value at saturation can provide a good estimate of the
flow angle, , in the participant region. It is found that
depends strongly on the impact parameter. The excitation
function of reveals striking deviations from the ideal
hydrodynamical scaling. The data exhibit a steep rise of \Theta_{\flow} to a
maximum at around 250-400 AMeV, followed by a moderate decrease as the
bombarding energy increases further.Comment: 28 pages Revtex, 6 figures (ps files), to appear in Nucl.Phys.
The Intentional Use of Service Recovery Strategies to Influence Consumer Emotion, Cognition and Behaviour
Service recovery strategies have been identified as a critical factor in the success of. service organizations. This study develops a conceptual frame work to investigate how specific service recovery strategies influence the emotional, cognitive and negative behavioural responses of . consumers., as well as how emotion and cognition influence negative behavior. Understanding the impact of specific service recovery strategies will allow service providers' to more deliberately and intentionally engage in strategies that result in positive organizational outcomes. This study was conducted using a 2 x 2 between-subjects quasi-experimental design. The results suggest that service recovery has a significant impact on emotion, cognition and negative behavior. Similarly, satisfaction, negative emotion and positive emotion all influence negative behavior but distributive justice has no effect
Transition from in-plane to out-of-plane azimuthal enhancement in Au+Au collisions
The incident energy at which the azimuthal distributions in semi-central
heavy ion collisions change from in-plane to out-of-plane enhancement, E_tran,
is studied as a function of mass of emitted particles, their transverse
momentum and centrality for Au+Au collisions. The analysis is performed in a
reference frame rotated with the sidewards flow angle, Theta_flow, relative to
the beam axis. A systematic decrease of E_tran as function of mass of the
reaction products, their transverse momentum and collision centrality is
evidenced. The predictions of a microscopic transport model (IQMD) are compared
with the experimental results.Comment: 32 pages, Latex, 22 eps figures, accepted for publication in Nucl.
Phys.
Recommended from our members
Sources, seasonality, and trends of southeast US aerosol: an integrated analysis of surface, aircraft, and satellite observations with the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model
We use an ensemble of surface (EPA CSN, IMPROVE, SEARCH, AERONET), aircraft (SEAC4RS), and satellite (MODIS, MISR) observations over the southeast US during the summer–fall of 2013 to better understand aerosol sources in the region and the relationship between surface particulate matter (PM) and aerosol optical depth (AOD). The GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model (CTM) with 25 × 25 km2 resolution over North America is used as a common platform to interpret measurements of different aerosol variables made at different times and locations. Sulfate and organic aerosol (OA) are the main contributors to surface PM2.5 (mass concentration of PM finer than 2.5 μm aerodynamic diameter) and AOD over the southeast US. OA is simulated successfully with a simple parameterization, assuming irreversible uptake of low-volatility products of hydrocarbon oxidation. Biogenic isoprene and monoterpenes account for 60 % of OA, anthropogenic sources for 30 %, and open fires for 10 %. 60 % of total aerosol mass is in the mixed layer below 1.5 km, 25 % in the cloud convective layer at 1.5–3 km, and 15 % in the free troposphere above 3 km. This vertical profile is well captured by GEOS-Chem, arguing against a high-altitude source of OA. The extent of sulfate neutralization (f = [NH4+]/(2[SO42−] + [NO3−]) is only 0.5–0.7 mol mol−1 in the observations, despite an excess of ammonia present, which could reflect suppression of ammonia uptake by OA. This would explain the long-term decline of ammonium aerosol in the southeast US, paralleling that of sulfate. The vertical profile of aerosol extinction over the southeast US follows closely that of aerosol mass. GEOS-Chem reproduces observed total column aerosol mass over the southeast US within 6 %, column aerosol extinction within 16 %, and space-based AOD within 8–28 % (consistently biased low). The large AOD decline observed from summer to winter is driven by sharp declines in both sulfate and OA from August to October. These declines are due to shutdowns in both biogenic emissions and UV-driven photochemistry. Surface PM2.5 shows far less summer-to-winter decrease than AOD and we attribute this in part to the offsetting effect of weaker boundary layer ventilation. The SEAC4RS aircraft data demonstrate that AODs measured from space are consistent with surface PM2.5. This implies that satellites can be used reliably to infer surface PM2.5 over monthly timescales if a good CTM representation of the aerosol vertical profile is available
- …